2026-07-25T23:09:13Z https://grrjournal.com/oai/?metadataPrefix=oai_dc&verb=ListRecords

oai:grrjournal.com:391223 2016-12-30 grr

Pakhtun Identity versus Militancy in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and FATA: Exploring the Gap between Culture of Peace and ilitancy Hikmat Shah Afridi Manzoor Khan Afridi Syed Umair Jalal Pakhtun Militancy Culture Pakhtunwali Identity The Pakhtun culture had been flourishing between 484 - 425 BC, in the era of Herodotus and Alexander the Great. Herodotus, the Greek historian, for the first time, used the word Pactyans, for people who were living in parts of Persian Satrapy, Arachosia between 1000 - 1 BC. The hymns' collection from an ancient Indian Sanskrit Ved used the word Pakthas for a tribe, who were inhabitants of eastern parts of Afghanistan. Presently, the terms Afghan and Pakhtun were synonyms till the Durand Line divided Afghanistan and Pakhtuns living in Pakistan. For these people the code of conduct remained Pakhtunwali; it is the pre-Islamic way of life and honour code based upon peace and tranquillity. It presents an ethnic self-portrait which defines the Pakhtuns as an ethnic group having not only a distinct culture, history and language but also a behaviour. Humanity Publications Ph.D scholar, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Politics and IR, Islamic International University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Junior Research Fellow, Humanity Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2016-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Pakhtun-Identity-versus-Militancy-in-Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa-and-FATA-Exploring-the-Gap-between-Culture-of-Peace-and-Militancy https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 1, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:391224 2016-12-30 grr

Conflict Resolution: Editorialization of Government- Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan Dialogue Hassan Shehzad Ahsan Raza Zubair Shafi Ghauri TTP Peace Dialogues Editorials Every newspaper publishes an editorial every day to state their official opinion on the most important of issues. Among public and official policymakers, editorials are taken seriously. This study undertook Pakistan’s two leading newspapers’ editorials – Dawn and The Nation - on the peace talks between the Pakistan government and the Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP). The editorials published between January 2014 and July 2014 on the dialogues were studied. Using agenda-setting approach, this study found that Dawn published 67 and The Nation 61 editorials discussing stakeholders’ stance on the dialogue, dialogues bodies, and disruption of dialogues to terrorism and TTP terms. The study measured the editorials to answer research questions. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Media and Communication Studies, Islamic International University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Senior journalists, s, Dawn Newspaper, Pakistan. PhD Candidate,Department of History,Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2016-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Conflict-Resolution:-Editorialization-of-Government-Tehreek-i-Taliban-Pakistan-Dialogue https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 1, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:391225 2016-12-30 grr

History of Prison Reforms in Pakistan Zahid Anwar S. Zubair Shah Prison Reforms History Pakistan Pakistan has been following the prison system of the British Empire. The Pakistani prison system has gone through many changes. Efforts have been made to bring the prison system in Pakistan in conformity with the modern prison system. The restoration of democracy in Pakistan has paved the way for further reforms in the prison system. Many suggestions have been forwarded to the authorities and have been requested for the modification of the inside condition of Pakistani jails. The data for this paper have been collected from Human Rights Organization/ Council of Pakistan, Islamic Ideological Council and jail training institute Lahore. The research under focus is an attempt to explore prison reforms in Pakistan in historical perspective and put forward suggestions to in tune the prison system in Pakistan with International standard. Humanity Publications Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Ph.D. Scholar,Department of Political Science,University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2016-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/History-of-Prison-Reforms-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 1, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:391226 2016-12-30 grr

Displacement from FATA Pakistan (2009-2016): Issues and Challenges Sohail Ahmad Sadia Sohail Muhammad Shoaib Malik Af-Pak Federally Administered Tribal Area IDPs Federally Administered Tribal Area (FATA) of Pakistan is one of the most neglected regions in the world as far as development is concerned. It has been the hub of all sorts of illegal activities including militancy and export of terrorism. Thus, it became inevitable for the government of Pakistan to act against militants through military operations. Over the years, hundreds of thousands of people have been displaced from the tribal areas of the country due to conflicts. Moreover, military operation Zarb-e-Azb has been launched in North Waziristan Agency in June 2014. Apart from its success, the operation displaced around 0.5 million people. This paper evaluates how the influx of these IDPs in the country is affecting the socio-economic situation. Secondly, attention has be paid to gauge the impact of such a huge number of displaced population on the law and order and security situation in the host areas. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. MS Scholar,Department of International Relations,COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, , National University of Modern Languages Islamabad, Pakistan. 2016-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Displacement-from-FATA-Pakistan-2009-2016-Issues-and-Challenges https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 1, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:391227 2016-12-30 grr

Pakistan's Foreign Policy: Initial Perspectives and Stages Muhammad Muzaffar Zahid Yaseen Uroosa Ishfaq Alliances Conflicts War Strategy Pakistan is a state like other states of the world. When it came out from the British net the initial stages were very tough for it. It was considered that it will rejoin India. But the administration of that time took sincere initiatives to manage the affairs gradually. Cold war started at that time between the Communist and Capitalist blocks. Newly established states joined one of them. Pakistan was also one of them. Its foreign policy principles, rules and regulations are highlighted in this paper. All these steps are discussed below gradually with the help of primary and secondary sources. It is concluded that Pakistan had no choice to join the capitalist block because of its financial position that forced it to take such decisions as compared to India. But security and sovereignty were never compromised in every era and at every stage. Humanity Publications Ph. D ScholarDepartment of Political Science,International Islamic University Islamabad. Lecturer,Department of Political Science,Govt. Post Graduate College, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. Junior Research Fellow,Humanity Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2016-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Pakistans-Foreign-Policy-Initial-Perspectives-and-Stages https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 1, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:391228 2016-12-30 grr

Intra-Party Democracy in Pakistan Tehrik-e-Insaf Muhammad Rizwan Manzoor Ahmad Muhammad Bilal PTI Political culture Democracy Intra party Elections With the idea of ‘change’ in exiting social system of Pakistan mainly by eradicating corruption, Pakistani Tehrik-e-Insaf emerged in 1996, under the leadership of renowned cricket player Imran Khan. He pledged to promote justice and the establishment of a welfare state. However, the party could hardly attain electoral success until 2012 when it reached on national political peaks. Majority of the Pakistani youth from urban areas follow the party agenda with a new zenith. Unlike other political parties, PTI pledged to challenge the existing transmissible-monarchy and decided to holds the intra party election. By using different primary and secondary sources, this article tries to focus on PTI’s intra party elections in order to denounce the existing socio-political culture of Pakistan, yet it could hardly achieve the said goals in the presence of “old-guard” in the front lines of party leadership. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Havelian, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Registrar, Women University, Swabi, KP, Pakistan. 2016-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Intra-Party-Democracy-in-Pakistan-Tehrik-e-Insaf https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 1, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:391229 2016-12-30 grr

Elementary Education and Language Teachers' Professional Development Needs: The Context of Pakistan Fasih Ahmed Sana Hussan Muhammad Safiullah Professional Development Language Teachers Elementary Education Teachers professional development is central to meet the ever-growing challenges at the elementary school level. In this article we describe the development and use of Teachers Development Scale at the elementary school level in Pakistan. An exploratory factor analysis (n=274) showed two basic dimensions of teachers professional development: community development, and individual development. Community-based developments included collaborative projects, participation in conferences, and system of educators for proficient advancement. On the other hand, individual developments related to improvement in course work, coaching, observation visits to other schools and qualification degree programs. The implication of the study identifies constraints and suggestions for educators, educationists and instructor mentors. Humanity Publications HOD, Department of Humanities, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of English, Women University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Research Assistant, Humanity Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2016-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Elementary-Education-and-Language-Teachers-Professional-Development-Needs-The-Context-of-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 1, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:391230 2016-12-30 grr

Independent Judiciary and NationBuilding: A Case Study of Pakistan Sadaf Farooq Abida Rafique Ghulam Qumber Independence Accountability Democracy Media Power Independent judiciary is the foundation of a fair and impartial and constitutionally balanced society. Independence means that judges can freely make lawful decisions whether involving influential politicians, governmental personals or ordinary citizens. Thus, ensuring decisions are based on constitution rather than is the result of political pressures or is favoring some majority. Endowed with independence, the judicial system serves as a safeguard of the peoples rights and freedom. In Pakistan, although, our Constitution stipulates an independent judiciary but our governments, over the years, have been bent upon ensuring that our judges always live in a climate of fear and make biased and favorable decisions under the influence of the executives. The paper concludes that independent judiciary may not be the solution to all the problems of Pakistan but is the most important stride towards solving the problems faced by the state machinery. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Politics and International Relations,International Islamic University, Islamabad. PhD Scholar, Department of Politics and International Relations, International Islamic University, Islamabad. Deputy Director,ISSRA,National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2016-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Independent-Judiciary-and-NationBuilding-A-Case-Study-of-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 1, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Employee Engagement and High Performance Work System: An Empirical Study Lubna Abbassi Muhammad Zia-ur Rehman Yasmine Muhammad Javaid Iqbal Employee engagement HPWS Commitment Competitive Market Performance In the competitive working environment, organizations and researchers have focused their attention to highlight means and ways to gain more advantage on less resource consumption; hence more focus is paid on channelizing Human Resource Practices to gain maximum return on Investment. The data is collected from the banking sector of Pakistan from a sample of 400 employees. The theme is to analyze the association among the variables at a multi-level i.e. the data is collected from two pools of respondents, one the staff level employees and the second are the middle management employees using an adapted questionnaire comprising of two sections for each pool respectively. Reliability test, correlation analysis and Regression analysis is conducted on the data. The findings of the result supports the positive association of independent variable with dependent variables (department and employee level measures of HPWS). The study sets implications for HR Professionals, Policy makers and Strategic thinkers. Humanity Publications Ph.D Scholar, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Leadership & Management Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Leadership & Management Studies,National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2016-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Employee-Engagement-and-High-Performance-Work-System-An-Empirical-Study https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 1, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:391232 2016-12-30 grr

Community Development Perspective in the Local Government System of District Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Hussain Ali Syed Ali Shah Ahmad Ali Local Government Community Development Leaders Citizens The present research study analyzed the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Local Government Act, 2013 and find out the role of elected leaders in community development. The quantitative research design is used and sample is selected through simple random sampling technique. The researchers interview 300 respondents from district Mardan. The statistical results show that elected leaders are performing their effective role in infrastructure development i.e. schools, basic health units, irrigation channels, roads and safety wall as well as in dispute resolution and generating revenue for the local government. The present research study recommended that government should release the annual development budget to elected leaders on time for addressing the local citizen needs. Similarly, the study suggested that local government system should prevent from political interference in the province. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Sociology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Pakistan Studies,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2016-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Community-Development-Perspective-in-the-Local-Government-System-of-District-Mardan-Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 1, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:391233 2016-12-30 grr

Traditional and Modern Education in Bukhara (1860s-1917): The Policy Juncture Ayaz Ahmad Sana Hussan Muhammad Shoaib Malik Bukhara Central Asian Education Islamic education This paper explores the nature of conflict that unfolded between the supporters of traditionalist and modernist education in Tsarist Central Asia. The paper explores the viewpoint of each camp and explores the causes of such approach. The paper finds that the conflict or divergence was driven by the desire to ensure the protection of political and economic interests each camp cherished. While status quo offered traditionalists economic security and political power, the new order and industrialization that came to Central Asia in the wake of Tsarist conquests offered modernists a future in which their political power and economic prosperity was ensured. Both camps diverged in rationalizing education as means to sustaining their world view. However, they also converged in their instrumental approach to education. Arguments that each camp offered to support their vision of education are relevant to the debates between the modern and traditional education in the modern Muslim world, especially Pakistan. Humanity Publications Lecturer,Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of English,Women University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad, Pakistan. 2016-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Traditional-and-Modern-Education-in-Bukhara-1860s-1917-The-Policy-Juncture https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 1, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:391234 2016-12-30 grr

Investigating the Role of Beliefs and Professional Values in HR Management Muhamamd Zia-ur Rehman Riasat Ali Khan Noor Hassan HRM Employees Ideological Orientation Pluralist Unitarianist Human Resource Management has been accentuated as a theme for research in various organizations and institutions and sufficient literature has been introduced on this subject since 1980s in the developed world (Harley and Hardy 2004). This aspect did not attract attention in developing / underdeveloped countries like Pakistan. Presence of literature regarding HRM at the workplace and ideological orientation warrants its application in our organizations/ institutions to help resolve managerial issues being confronted by the managers, employees and the employers. HRM ideology is distinguished by the unitarist and pluralist approach at workplace (Batt and Banerjee 2012). Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Leadership and Management Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Research scholar, Department of Leadership and Management Studies,National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Management Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2016-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Investigating-the-Role-of-Beliefs-and-Professional-Values-in-HR-Management https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 1, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:391235 2016-12-30 grr

Implications of Pak-Afghan Transit Trade for Regional Security Huma Qayum Syed Ali Shah Zubaria Andlib Transit Trade Agreement Security Implications Pak-Afghan relations have almost remained far from being normal and under the grip of allegations and counter allegation due to several bilateral political issues. However, trade relations have remained unrestrained from several decades. Afghanistan as a landlocked state always relied on Pakistani ports for its trade requirements with the rest of the world. Despite ups and downs in the relations, Pakistan provided the trade provision to Afghanistan under 1965 trade agreement which was replaced in October 2010 with agreement providing better trade facilities to Afghanistan with India. Pakistan has security concerns over India, as Indo-Afghan trade will reduce Pakistan's imports of goods. Growing Indian presence in the form of huge investment in Afghanistan has threatened Pakistan's security. Trade has great potential for Pakistan, India, and Afghanistan but security and sincereity are required for implementation of such agreements. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Political Science and IR,International Islamic University Islamabad (IIUI), Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Ph.D Scholar,School of Economics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2016-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Implications-of-Pak-Afghan-Transit-Trade-for-Regional-Security https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 1, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:391236 2016-12-30 grr

Potential for Community Based Ecotourism (CBE) along Balochistan Coast, Pakistan Zia Ullah Muhammad Jehangir Javed Iqbal Transit Trade Agreement Security Implications Regional Connectivity The term CBE is not only an ethic based approach to tourism but to make it sure the community engages actively and enjoys the accruing profits of tourism activities. Following the SFA Framework (Suitability, Feasibility, and Acceptability), this study critically reviewed tourism resources in ecologically sensitive coastal areas of Balochistan for assessing their potential for establishment of CBE. Bio-physical, socio-cultural, and tourism information were collected from coastal communities through a structured questionnaire and the same was analyzed through SWOT analysis, while, coastal scenic information was collected personally through a coastal scenic assessment and analyzed through fuzzy logic analysis. The study confirmed that selected coastal localities are potential CBE destinations. However, infrastructure and communities' knowledge for developing the desired services/products were below the required standards. Therefore, CBE within the selected localities without any investment in basic infrastructure and capacity building of communities would be detrimental for the natural environment. Humanity Publications Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Tourism & Hospitality, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Business & Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP,Pakistan. 2016-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Potential-for-Community-Based-Ecotourism-CBE-along-Balochistan-Coast-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 1, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:391237 2016-12-30 grr

Garbage Collection and Rag Picking: An Issue of Child Labor in Rawalpindi (An Anthropological Approach) Syed Imran Haider Muhammad Ali Muhammad Bilal Garbage Collection Rag Picking Scavenger Locales Scavenging The nature of this study was qualitative and covers the children collecting the Garbage and Rag picking in Rawalpindi city. In the study, Afghan scavengers were selected for qualitative analyses. The family backgrounds of these scavengers and the demographic factors were also analyzed. Most of the qualitative methods including key informant interviews, visit and stay in the area, In-depth interview of 50 participants was applied to observe the phenomenon and collect the relevant information. The process of scavenging and the situation explored presented that besides poverty and economic pressure, the migration, independent nature of scavenging work, higher income as capered to other forms of child labor and increased urbanization were the major causes behind the phenomenon. The study also revealed that scavenging children face isolation due to their Afghan identity, higher health risks due to unprotected exposure to hazardous waste and routine violence from people. A comprehensive strategy is required for dealing with this issue in society. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Sociology, Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan. PhD,Goethe University,Frankfurt Main, Germany. Lecturer,Department of Sociology,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2016-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Garbage-Collection-and-Rag-Picking-An-Issue-of-Child-Labor-in-Rawalpindi-An-Anthropological-Approach https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 1, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:391238 2016-12-30 grr

The Trump's Triumph Cards and the Future of GOP Manzoor Ahmad Muhammad Rizwan Zahir Shah Presidential Elections Voting Patterns Primaries white Population Millennial Vote The US presidential elections are over and to the astonishment of media, surveys and polls; Donald Trump won a stunning victory over his democratic rival Hillary by 289 electoral votes. The election results were surprising and may not be digested by many Americans for long time and especially for the Democrats. The stunning victory of Trump does not seem so dramatic if the past elections are analyzed. This paper identifies few patterns through the analysis of past elections that support the Republican victory in the Elections 2016. This article highlights those patterns calling them the "Trump's Triumph Cards" and correlates them with the results of the current election. This paper identifies that the Role of the White Population, Population with 40+ years of age, The Rubio Factor in Florida, the vote of White Women, the increasing millennial Vote and the voting collapse for democrats were the contributing factors for Trump's dramatic win over Hillary Clinton. The data is collected from national polls' surveys and statistical departments and tabulated. Humanity Publications Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Political Science,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Pakistan Studies,Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Political Science,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2016-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-trumps-triumph-cards-and-the-future-of-gop- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 1, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:391239 2016-12-30 grr

United States Fundamental Interests in Chile and Cuba: A Historical Study Abdul Zahoor Khan Nargis Zaman Zahir Shah United States Latin America Caribbean Communism Capitalism Cold-War US hegemony as the result of its interventions in Cuba and Chile is a historical reality. The United States used to be scared that imposition of Communism had minimized the Americans dominance over there under the policy of nationalization. Although, the United States had tried his luck in Cuba twice, in decades of 1960's, to vanish communism dangerous roots, but unfortunately faced defeat. Again in 1970's decade the United States faced the same threat of communism (in form of Salvador Allende regime) in Chile. Chile has blessed with such rich mineral resources like Cuba, so the United States also had similarly established their strong hold inform of different significant companies. In order to prevent the power of Salvador Allende and his nationalization policy, the United States had launched military coup in 1973 resulted in success that also helps to minimize the communism threats in region. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of History & Pakistan Studies,International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of Political Science,University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2016-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/United-States-Fundamental-Interests-in-Chile-and-Cuba:-A-Historical-Study https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 1, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:391240 2016-12-30 grr

Teaching of Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone in the Light of Barthes Narrative Codes at BS English Level Ameer Sultan Rashida Imran Saira Maqbool Harry Potter Philosopher's Stone Barthes's Narrative Codes J. K. Rowling has written seven novels in the Harry Potter series. This fiction series has also inspired the educationists and academicians and it has been introduced in different western colleges as part of their syllabi. Warner Brothers made the films based on all the novels of Harry Potter series. Harry Potter World, the studio where these movies were made, is a tourist spot in London and thousands of fans from all over the world visit it every week. The present study explores teaching of Harry Potter and The Philosophers Stone in the light of Barthes Narrative Codes with emphasis on hermeneutic codes and their roles in the building blocks of narrative structure of the novel. The result of the study shows the extensive use of enigma and delays in the series to make it captivating and interesting for the readers. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of English,International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English Language and Applied Linguistics,Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English Language and Applied Linguistics,Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2016-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Teaching-of-Harry-Potter-and-the-Philosophers-Stone-in-the-Light-of-Barthes-Narrative-Codes-at-BS-English-Level https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 1, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:391241 2016-12-30 grr

Exploring the Attitudes of Undergraduate Students towards Plagiarism in Public and Private Institutions Shahzada Qaisar Sumaira Rashid Aashiq Hussain Dogar Plagiarism Positive Attitude Negative Attitude Subjective Norms The purpose of the study is to explore the attitude of undergraduate students towards plagiarism from both public and private higher educational institutions. A cross-sectional survey was used to collect the data through adopted questionnaire which comprised of three subscales; positive attitude, negative attitude and subjective norms towards plagiarism. Data was collected from 309 students of BS-Mathematics (n=155) and BS-English (n=154) programs in which 153 students are from public and 156 are from private institutions. Descriptive and inferential statistics methods were used to analyse the data. The results of the study revealed that undergraduate students from both programs have medium level of positive and negative attitude towards plagiarism. The findings show that there is no difference in positive attitude towards plagiarism, however difference is noted in negative attitude and subjective norms towards plagiarism between public and private students. Similarly no difference appears on the basis of three subscales between BS Mathematics and BS English undergraduate students. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, F.C. College, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2016-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Exploring-the-Attitudes-of-Undergraduate-Students-towards-Plagiarism-in-Public-and-Private-Institutions https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 1, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:391242 2016-12-30 grr

Exploring the Attitudes of Undergraduate Students towards Plagiarism in Public and Private Institutions Shahzada Qaisar Sumaira Rashid Aashiq Hussain Dogar Plagiarism Positive Attitude Negative Attitude Subjective Norms The purpose of the study is to explore the attitude of undergraduate students towards plagiarism from both public and private higher educational institutions. A cross-sectional survey was used to collect the data through adopted questionnaire which comprised of three subscales; positive attitude, negative attitude and subjective norms towards plagiarism. Data was collected from 309 students of BS-Mathematics (n=155) and BS-English (n=154) programs in which 153 students are from public and 156 are from private institutions. Descriptive and inferential statistics methods were used to analyse the data. The results of the study revealed that undergraduate students from both programs have medium level of positive and negative attitude towards plagiarism. The findings show that there is no difference in positive attitude towards plagiarism, however difference is noted in negative attitude and subjective norms towards plagiarism between public and private students. Similarly no difference appears on the basis of three subscales between BS Mathematics and BS English undergraduate students. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, F.C. College, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2016-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Exploring-the-Attitudes-of-Undergraduate-Students-towards-Plagiarism-in-Public-and-Private-Institutions https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 1, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Islamization in Pakistan: A Critical Analysis of Zias Regime Ali Shan Shah Muhammad Waris Abdul Basit Islamization Zia regime Political engineering institionalization Radicalization Pakistan was made on the Islamic ideology, it was made to secure the political and religious rights of the Muslims. It was clearly illustrated in the Objectives Resolution that no law shall be made repugnant to Quran and Sunnah. The Islamic Provision of pre 1973 constitution provided base for Islamization. With the passage of time institutions like Council of Islamic Ideology and Federal Shariat Court were established. This study is an attempt to analyze whether the islamization process in law making actually fulfilled the considerations of the basis of this country. This paper will analyze the attempts in different eras, specially the era of Zia. Zia claimed to implement and impose Islam in every walk of life in Pakistan but his Islamization had adverse impacts and criticized by scholars. This is an attempt to grab the causes of failed Islamization and its impacts. Humanity Publications Lecturer,Department of Political Science & IR,GC University Faisalabad, Punjab,Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Government College Bhalwal, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Political Science & IR, GC University Faisalabad, Punjab,Pakistan. 2016-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Islamization-in-Pakistan-A-Critical-Analysis-of-Zias-Regime https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).20 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 1, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Institutional Determinants of Firm Performance: Evidence from Pakistan Adnan Ahmad Muhammad Ilyas Saima Urooge Ownership Structure Managerial Ownership Institutional Ownership Tobin's Q Leverage Owner structure (OS) is an imperative feature of a firm and firm performance (FP). Recent studies have debated the effect of OS and FP around the world. Studies argue that OS is one of the important factors of decision making since principals expect wealth maximization while agents try to increase their personal gains. However, investor protection (IP) adds to the decision making with regards to OS since IP ensures that shareholders finds shall not be expropriated and that IP enhances the trust of all stakeholders and help in making informed decision. Based on this premise, we investigate the effect of OS on FP in the presence of IP. Using secondary data from Pakistans capital market for the years 2008-2015 and applying panel data techniques, we find that not only OS affects FP but the interaction term of IP and OS also has a significant on FP. These results indicate that capital markets in developing countries rely more on OS since it ensures that managers do not expropriate investors funds and thus make informed decisions. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,IBL, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Mardan. Lecturer, IBL, Abdul Wali Khan University,Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Economics, Islamia College University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan 2016-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Institutional-Determinants-of-Firm-Performance-Evidence-from-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).21 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 1, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Comparing Perceptions of Public versus Government School Teachers towards Job Satisfaction at District Malakand Asghar Ali Iqbal Ahmad M. Anees-ul-Husnain Shah Job Satisfaction Private and Public Schools comparison Many studies have been carried out on the job satisfaction of employees at various organizational levels all over the world. However, little is known about the government versus private schools in district Malakand Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. This study compares the perceptions of private versus government school teachers job satisfaction related to its six component i.e, pay and promotion, job security, workload, supervision, work condition and nature of work. A questionnaire was used for data collection. The data were collected from 100 teachers both public and private schools on a convenient sample basis. This study showed that there was a significant difference among the job satisfaction level of teachers in private versus public schools on the job satisfaction scale. the results of the study showed that government school teachers were more satisfied with their jobs than the privately run school teachers on most of the dimensions of the scale. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Education,University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir (L), Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Education,University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir (L), Pakistan. Assistant Professor, University of Education,D.G Khan Campus, Punjab,Pakistan. 2016-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Comparing-Perceptions-of-Public-versus-Government-School-Teachers-towards-Job-Satisfaction-at-District-Malakand https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).22 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 1, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Anti-Culture Machine: The War on Terror and its Effects on Pakhtuns and their Culture Abdul Shakoor War on Terror Terrorism Culture Pakhtun Culture CounterInsurgency This study critically evaluates the continuing campaign against terrorism. It especially discusses the counter-terrorism policies of Pakistan and the United States of America, which affects Pakhtuns and their culture. Figures show there has been a surge not only in the number but the activities of militants in the Pakhtun region after the inception of the war on terror. It is very important, therefore, to know the effects of the war on terror on Pakhtuns culture. Mostly relying on secondary data and interviews with experts in the area, the study is a qualitative analysis of the counter-insurgency campaigns and the resultant response of the local population in the area. The analysis shows two interrelated facts. The first is that ignoring cultural values in counterinsurgency campaigns can seriously undermine the efforts of combating terrorism. The second is that engaging tribes is a useful strategy in fighting terrorism. Analysis of the war on terror further reveal that disregarding facts on the ground and ignoring strongly-held cultural and religious traditions, in other words, indifference towards Pakhtunwali, has alienated the local population, thereby strengthening the militants cause. It is recommended, therefore, that simply ignoring or deliberately targeting cultural traits can seriously undermine counter-terrorism efforts. For the counterterrorism campaign to be successful, it is necessary to gain the support of the local population. In other words, winning the hearts and minds of the people is required. Humanity Publications HoD, Department of Sociology, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KP, Pakistan. 2016-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/anticulture-machine-the-war-on-terror-and-its-effects-on-pakhtuns-and-their-culture https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).23 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 1, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Impact of Shia-Sunni Annoyances on the Contemporary Geopolitics in the Middle East: A Critical Appraisal Inayat Kalim Muhammad Mubeen Sohail Ahmad Shia-Sunni Sectarianism Political Rivalry Theological Divide Islamophobia Muslim Unity Middle East The modern-day Shiite-Sunni split between the Sunnite Kingdom of SaudiArabia and Shia theocracy Islamic Republic of Iran is predominantly portrayed as a sectarian conflict. Instead, their rivalry constituted geopolitical, economic, military, and religious supremacy and legitimacy in the region of the Middle East. Riyadh and Tehran are convoluted in a complex rivalry over a volatile region where both want their dominance and become a Muslim world leader. Religious dissimilarities are of secondary worth for the political elite of both the states, despite the doctrinal variance of Wahhabism and Shiism in their socio-religious setup; the competition of geostrategic influence in the Middle East makes the primary concern instead. Both countries have directly and indirectly supported sectarian violence and militancy in the region, which has caused immense harm to Muslim unity. Muslims are embroiled in several problems and conflicts throughout the world in the name of religious sectarianism, which has weakened their position at the international level. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2016-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/impact-of-shiasunni-annoyances-on-the-contemporary-geopolitics-in-the-middle-east-a-critical-appraisal https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).24 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 1, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Language and Cross-Cultural Construction: A Systemic Functional Interpretation of Hiroko Tanaka in Shamsie's Burnt Shadows Abdul Rashid Kanwal Zahra Systemic Functional Linguistics Transitivity System Concordance Role Dynamism Experiential Metafunction This study interprets and explains Hiroko Tanaka one of the major characters of Burnt Shadows from the perspective of cross-cultural construction by using Transitivity which is a major system for the explanation of experiential meta function at the level of clause in Systemic Functional Grammar. Shamsie's Burnt Shadows (2009) covers five countries and fifty-six years. The novel is about diverse cultures and significant historical periods of the world represented through the intimate relations among the characters. Systemic Functional Linguistics describes language in four hierarchical levels, and the relation among these levels is that of realization/actualization of higher strata realized in the next lower level. This study exploits this realization from the lower level of lexico grammar up to the higher level of Semantics and fictional Context created within the novel. The results obtained by applying this analytical framework. Transitivity Concordance and Role Dynamism equip are searcher with some objective grounds (to some extent) for the subjective interpretation of a discourse. This study is not just segmentation or a paraphrasing identical to close reading; rather it is an interpretation of divergent ideologies that underpin cultural constructions. This approach proves that studying literature through its language is more rewarding than paraphrasing. Humanity Publications Department of Humanities, Comsats University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Centre for Languages and Translation Studies, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan 2016-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/language-and-crosscultural-construction-a-systemic-functional-interpretation-of-hiroko-tanaka-in-shamsies-burnt-shadows https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).25 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 1, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Distribution of Resource Revenues in Balochistan: A Gap in Pakistan's Policy Making Sadia Sohail Sohail Ahmad Noor Jehan Natural Resources Riko Diq Saindak Coal Revenue Since the discovery of oil and gas in Balochistan and Sindh, Punjab has remained the primary consumer. The gas reserves that were found in 1952 reached the consumers of Baluchistan in 1986 in 14 urban townships. Other than natural gas and oil the mineral deposits, their exploration and extraction through foreign companies is raising eyebrows on the issue of the revenue distribution. This paper is based on the MS thesis of the author, Mismanagement of Natural Resources: Challenges to the stability of Pakistan and its implications of Foreign Direct Investment (2005-2017). It discusses, why there is lack of consensus between the central government and Balochistan on the issue of minerals extraction and revenue distribution? It also addresses, how mal-administration played a role in widening the gap between Balochistan and Central government and it suggests measures to improve the situation. Humanity Publications MS Scholar, Department of Humanities, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Humanities,COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Economics,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Distribution-of-Resource-Revenues-in-Balochistan-A-Gap-in-Pakistans-Policy-Making https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Pakistan and China's Strategic Ties: Challenges and Opportunities in Trade Perspective Zahid Yaseen Manzoor Khan Afridi Muhammad Muzaffar Strategic Ties Pak- China Trade Challenges Opportunities The 21st century is marked by power shifting from the west to the east. Thiscentury started a new debate in the world about the peaceful rise of China asan economic power. Many scholarly articles discuss China as a newsuperpower. Due to the peaceful rise of China, the major powers like USA andRussia are looking for new areas of cooperation with China. This cooperation proved the statement that ''there are not permanent friends or foes ininternational relations, only interests are permanent'' and these nationalinterests help the states to make their foreign policy. This is true in therelationship among states as well in the case of China Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Political Science,GC Women University Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan HOD,Department of Politic Science and IR,International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Political Science,GC Women University Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/pakistan-and-chinas-strategic-ties-challenges-and-opportunities-in-trade-perspective- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Pakistan's Politics of Alliances and the Role of Pakistani Military in Politics (1954-1958): Uneven and Combined Development Ali Jibran Syed Ali Shah Muhammad Bilal International Politics Domestic Politics The states have to adjust to the pressure exerted by the 'international'; yet impact of the 'international' on national politics has been ignored by mainstream international relations theories. This study uses a framework of "Uneven and Combined Development" to investigate the impact of Pakistan's inclusion in the United States led defense pacts on Pakistan military's role in domestic politics from 1954 to 1958. The central finding of this research is that the United States preferred Pakistan military over political leadership in Pakistan to checkmate communism in Asia as well as to stop communist political parties gaining power in Pakistan. By participating in these international pacts, the role of Pakistan military expanded in politics which culminated in the first martial law (1958). Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Politics and IR, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Pakistan Studies, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Registrar, Women University, Swabi, KP, Pakistan 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Pakistans-Politics-of-Alliances-and-the-Role-of-Pakistani-Military-in-Politics-1954-1958-Uneven-and-Combined-Development https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Pakistan Civil-Military Relations in the Context of External Politics Shaista Taj Nazim Rahim Muhammad Shoaib Malik Military Institution Civilian Government Neighbors Complex Threats Pakistan's military establishment defends its prominent role in the society due to the set of complex threats and a series of conflicts which Pakistan has been facing. At the time of its creation, Pakistan found itself in the midst of instability due to the adverse policies of its rival neighbors. Pakistan has the decisive position in the global power politics. The disconcerting situation develop due to the sense of guardianship. The army believes that the civilian government lacks the vision and political insight which enables state to operate the affairs other than the security issues without soliciting military institutions. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Political Science, Qurtuba University, Peshawar Campus, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Political Science and IR, Qurtuba University of Science & IT, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad, Pakistan. 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Pakistan-Civil-Military-Relations-in-the-Context-of-External-Politics https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Sustainable Development and Women's rights in Pakistan - A Paradigmatic Analysis Muhammad Zia-ur Rehman Muzamil Shah Muhammad Usman Ullah Human Rights Sustainable development goals UNDP Human rights is the essential aspect for existence with dignity and poise on the planet. Its a truth universally acknowledge, that women are making around half of the total populace, yet at the same time are disregarded in varying backgrounds. Reasonable and practical steps are vital for the development as a nation. In Human Rights, a neglected aspect is “Women’s rights” which is not neglected in academia but in practical fields of life. The paper focuses on the existing circumstance of women rights generally and particularly the circumstances of women rights in Paksitan. The study examines present conditions and circumstances, where women face varied issues. Conclusively, seven essential recommendations are made for women rights in public as well as in private organisations, in order to establish a balanced society with sustainable development. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Leadership & Management Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Department of Law,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Junior Research Fellow, Humanity Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Sustainable-Development-and-Womens-rights-in-Pakistan-A-Paradigmatic-Analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Russification of Muslim Central Asia: An Overview of Language, Culture and Society Ayaz Ahmad Sana Hussan Syed Ali Shah Muslim Central Asia language Contact Language Policy Russian influence in Muslim Central Asia was far reaching. The transformative effects of Russian presence first emerged in the administrative setup and governance, and soon it spread to the domain of education and sociocultural symbols. The Muslim Central Asian society lost its connection with the Muslim world in the neighborhood as Russian alphabets, lexemes and structures replaced the Arabic script. The Tsarist administration initiated these changes which culminated in the Soviet era when Central Asian Muslims were forced to cultivate Russian language and culture. However, the distrust among the Russian diaspora and Muslim Central Asian local population was deep seated. Once the Soviet Union fell, the demographic and linguistic changes were attacked by nationalists. Despite the post-1991 attempts, the Russian language is still dominant in Muslim Central Asia as compared to English and other modern European languages. Humanity Publications Lecturer,Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Kp, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of English,Women University Mardan, KP, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Russification-of-Muslim-Central-Asia-An-Overview-of-Language-Culture-and-Society https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Fairness and Media Frames in Conflict Situations Muhammad Riaz Raza Sajid Mahmood Awan Hassan Shehzad Framing Theory Journalistic Practices Soul of Journalism Because of the rising global awareness it is essential that the journalist fraternity value fairness, truth, meticulousness, and objectivity. The 'framing'  ideology has been widely used in the communication field since its inception. The theory threatens the model meaning of journalism through the notion of leeway and unscrupulous drills inside the journalism industry. Empirical research has faulted framing for its ability to shape the thoughts of the readers and making it difficult for those implicated in the stories to rebuild public confidence. So the aim of this paper is provision of a comprehensive analysis of the challenges and implications of framing theory in the recent decades as well to inform the audience how framing theory is a threat to core values of journalism. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Mass Communication,University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. Senior Research Fellow, National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research (NIHCR),Quaid-iAzam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Media and Communication Studies, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Fairness-and-Media-Frames-in-Conflict-Situations https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Global Strategic Management: China-US Transitional Paradigm of Convergence Waseem Ishaque Muhammad Zia-ur Rehman Imran Ashraf China-US Relations World Stability Peace Cold War The study focuses on the China US relations since Cold War and then after its impacts till recent appearance of China as second greatest economic power of the world, which not only influences the strategic, but also economic and social aspects. The tragedy of 9/11 and the resultant impact on Middle East in the form of destabilization jolted the world scenario. China and US have larger share of military and economic powers, the stability and peace relies on both of them. The research has been developed containing five sub parts. The first part covers the significance of issue to US-China relations, the second part deals with US Interests and US perspective of Chinese interests and social aspects, the third part is related to Chinese interests and Chinese perspective of US interests, the fourth part covers the areas of convergence with recommended cooperative initiatives and last part deals with areas of divergences with recommended mechanism to manage the tension and crises. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Leadership & Management Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations,National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Global-Strategic-Management-China-US-Transitional-Paradigm-of-Convergence https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Saudi - Iran Strife: Complexities for Pakistan Muhammad Muzaffar Robina Khan Zahid Yaseen Saudi Arabia Pakistan Iran Rivalry Strategic Partner This qualitative research analyzes the complexities for Pakistan regarding Saudi-Iran relationships. Saudi Arabia has serious reservations regarding asymmetric power and regional ambitions of Iran along with its alleged pursuit of nuclear weapons. A particular concern founded in Riyadh is the challenge to the legitimacy of the AlSaud family in the face of regional and domestic audiences by upstaging it on Pan-Arab issues especially after 1979. Pakistan has a long history of close relationship with Iran as an immediate neighbor and Saudi Arabia as an extremely crucial strategic partner. These worst bilateral relations between the two regional rivals left limited choices for Islamabad. Though Pakistan tried hard to create a balance between both, yet Pakistan found it very difficult to maintain that balance, as both the rivals are stuck in a security dilemma and zero sum game, where victory or benefit of one is the loss for the other and a friend of one is perceived an enemy by the other. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science & IR,GC Women University Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Political Science,GC Women University Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Political Science, GC Women University Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Saudi-Iran-Strife-Complexities-for-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Islamic Military Alliance (IMA) - and Pakistan Ghulam Qumber Waseem Ishaque Saqib Riaz Islamic Military Alliance Balance of Power The power politics and dominance are recurring features of Middle East which is in the continuous state of transformation ever since the Iranian revolution of 1979 and Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The United States since the oil crises of 1970s has declared energy security. The unfortunate incident of 9/11 generated ferocious US response which was unleashed in the Middle East on the premise of regime change. This transition has proved to be uncertain and full of risks with catastrophic consequences and resultant rise of non- state (NSA) actors like ISIS and ISIL. This article unveils the basic contours and prime motives behind formation of IMA, its aims and objectives, analyses its efficacy in countering violent extremism with potential implications for Pakistan as a major stake holder and suggests a way forward for Pakistan to convert this into opportunity by mitigating challenges. This is academic narrative, views and comments are author's own. Humanity Publications Deputy Director,ISSRA,National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of IR, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Chairman,Department of Mass Communication,Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Islamic-Military-Alliance-IMA-and-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Pakistan-China Strategic Partnership: Capitalizing the Geo-Political Location of Pakistan Sundas Qayyum Durrani Muhammad Bilal Inayat Kalim China Pakistan West Strategic OBOR Economic Ocean The focus of global politics is shifting from the West to Asia as China plays a significant role in the ongoing competition on the global chessboard. This competition between the USA, the most powerful economy of the world, and China, an emergent powerful economy of the world, compels China to secure uninterrupted energy supplies from the Persian Gulf region for its oil driven growth. In the recent past, China's new strategy has further cemented ties between Pakistan and China, who help each other in the changing geopolitical environment, through converging mutual interests. This paper highlights how geo-strategic positioning of Pakistan helps China fulfill its geo-strategic and geo-economic goals and how this development helps Pakistan to uplift socioeconomic development and safeguard its strategic interests in the Indian Ocean. Humanity Publications Assistant Program Officer, HR Principal Seat Department,COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Registrar, Women University, Swabi, KP, Pakistan. HOD, Department of International Relations, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Pakistan-China-Strategic-Partnership:-Capitalizing-the-Geo-Political-Location-of-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Consumption with Shariah Based Imprint: Eradicating Extreme Poverty and Hunger with Infaq, Waqf and Rushd Behavior in Pakistan Zohra Jabeen Romana Bangash Faizan Malik Extreme Poverty Hunger Rushd Waqf Infaaq Fi Sabeelillah Rizq Consumption Theory This is a conceptual paper regarding consumption for policy implications based on the teachings of Islam. It awakens Islamic civil society for bringing about a correction and balance in the society whereby extreme poverty is eradicated through a consumption (and spending "infaaq") approach in the light of (understanding the concepts of) Rushd, waqf and infaq fi sabeelillah for sharing rizq and setting aside rizq and resources for others. According to the Islamic principles, zakat and infaq fi sabeelillah are encouraged to deal with the disparities of wealth in general and to strike at poverty in particular. The rightly guided people (raashidoon) are encouraged to worship Allah as well as give to the poor. It is in contrast to consumerism of the western capitalistic schools of thought. In economic guidelines using the consumption theories, the concepts of Rushd, waqf and infaaq need to be incorporated in policy implication in the Muslim world. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Consumption-with-Shariah-Based-Imprint:-Eradicating-Extreme-Poverty-and-Hunger-with-Infaq,-Waqf-and-Rushd-Behavior-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Political Economy of Standards: Does MRLs Matter in Cottonseed and its Trade? Fazal Hadi Zahoor Ul Haq Javid Iqbal Cottonseed Poisson OLS and MRLs In this paper, we introduce three indices of trade which are consequently applied to the case maximum residue level, MRLs of pesticide. The aggregation indices of NTM i.e Li and Beghin index of trade, Heterogeneous index of trade (HIT) and actual heterogeneous index of trade (AHIT) regulations to compute their protectionism relative to international standards. The application of indices to Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) affecting cottonseed and its by-product i.e crude cottonseed oil and refined cottonseed oil, using a science-based standards Codex Alimentarius. In this analysis, the main aim of the article is to show the response of the maximum residue limits (MRLs) adopted by 50 importing countries on exports of the cottonseed commodities for the year 2005 to 2014. In this study, we estimate the augmented gravity model using the ordinary least squares (OLS) and Poisson regression estimators. The results show that maximum residue limits (MRLs) have a trade increasing effect on exports of the cottonseed commodities. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Professor and Dean, Faculty of Business and Economics,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/The-Political-Economy-of-Standards-Does-MRLs-Matter-in-Cottonseed-and-its-Trade https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Impact of Brand Rejuvenation on Consumer Purchase Intention: Brand Attitude as Mediator Neelam Akbar Alam Zeb Shabir Ahmad Brand Rejuvenation Brand Attitude Purchase Intention The rationale of the study lies in investigating the role of brand rejuvenation on consumer purchase intention, it also emphasizes digging the mediating effects of brand attitude on brand rejuvenation and consumer purchase intentions. Quantitative research was carried out for understanding the rationale behind consumer brand preferences, their attitude, and purchase intentions. This study employed positivism; deductive approach in which collected quantitative and numerical data were tabulated and analyzed statistically in order to facilitate and test the detail set of hypotheses for the purpose of reaching objective truth. SPSS computer software was employed along with multiple regression and correlation analysis were carried out for testing and checking hypotheses and model fitness respectively. Dual statistical techniques i.e. Barron and Kenny's (1986) and Preacher and Hayes (2008) were applied for checking mediation effects of the study. All the variables were significantly correlated with each other which clearly indicates the importance of brand rejuvenation, brand attitude and purchase intentions. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Center for Management and Commerce, University of Swat, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Management Studies, University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Management Studies,University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan. 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/The-Impact-of-Brand-Rejuvenation-on-Consumer-Purchase-Intention-Brand-Attitude-as-Mediator https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Organizational Agility Determinants and Performance: A Case of Pakistani Telecommunication Sector Saeed Jalal Muhammad Jehangir Zia Ullah Organizational Agility Performance Innovation Telecom Sector This study examined the effect of organizational agility determinants on firm performance. Organizations are facing challenges to respond to uncertainties and technological advancement. Agile organizations have more capability to respond uncertain situations and challenges when occur. The analysis of 126 respondents from telecom sectors revealed that Human Resource Agility (HRAg), Innovation Agility and technological advancement play significant role in enhancing organizational performance. This study will be beneficial for managers to boost organizational performance and gain agile position in the market. In this study recommendations will be helpful to conduct further research in future. Humanity Publications COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Virtual Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Institute of Business and Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan Universty, Mardan, Assistant Professor, Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Abdul Wali Khan Universty, Mardan, KP, Pakistan 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Organizational-Agility-Determinants-and-Performance-A-Case-of-Pakistani-Telecommunication-Sector https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Epistemological Beliefs and Practices in High Schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Teachers' Perspective Nosheen Saba Abdul Ghaffar Amir Zaman Epistemological Beliefs and Practices School Culture Administrative Role Political Pressure Lack of Resources Proper Parental Involvement This paper describes teachers perceptions about the epistemological beliefs of the administrator, about school setting and what are the effects of these practices on effective school culture. Open-Ended interview questions were constructed to collect data and distributed among a sample of respondents. 16 teachers from 16 schools with one teacher from each school were selected randomly through convenient sampling technique. The study was guided by two research questions: How teachers perceive administrative beliefs and practices? How epistemological beliefs of administrators affect their practices? Themes and categories were examined to determine what administrators epistemological beliefs are and what administrators perceive they do in their schools to enact their epistemological beliefs. The study also concluded that better beliefs and practices of school principals have a very effective role in the school setting. The research design used for this study was qualitative approach, which further involved case study based on data grounded theory. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, Abdul Wali khan University Mardan, Kp, Pakistan. Assistant Professors,Department of Education, Abdul Wali khan University Mardan, Kp, Pakistan. Assistant Professors,Department of Education, Abdul Wali khan University Mardan, Kp, Pakistan. 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/epistemological-beliefs-and-practices-in-high-schools-of-khyber-pakhtunkhwa-teachers-perspective- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Socio-Economic Impact of Emigration on the Families Members Left Behind: A Case Study of District Rawalpindi Syed Imran Haider Burhan Ali Shah Noor Jehan Family Migration Remittances Socialization Spouse Stress Social Status The phenomenon of migration is not new and there are many reasons behind this emigration; achieving higher socio-economic status is one of them. In developing countries like Pakistan, poverty is one of the major root causes of emigration. There are some districts of Punjab from where the masses have the trend to migrate. This study addresses the impacts of international migration on families left behind in Dhamial, District Rawalpindi. In-depth interviews were conducted, however data was quantified around positive and negative socioeconomic impacts on families left behind. The evidence showed both positive and negative impacts of international migration. The flow of remittances influences the life of people in positive way and it assisted in improving the socio-economic status of the families. However, there are many other serious problems faced by the families left behind. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Sociology,Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Quaid-i-Azam School of Management Sciences,Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Socio-Economic-Impact-of-Emigration-on-the-Families-Members-Left-Behind-A-Case-Study-of-District-Rawalpindi https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Influence of Organization Based Self-Esteem, Role Breadth Self-Efficacy and Voluntary Learning Behavior on Career Success through Mediation of Perceived Employability: A Case of Pakistani Banking Muhammad Wasim Akram Shaza Mahar Mohib Ullah Perceived Employability Voluntary Learning Behavior Bank and Employees Career Success Self- Concepts. The researcher showcases the influence of organization-based self-esteem, role breadth self-efficacy and voluntary learning behavior in comparison to career success. The objective of the study was to explore the relationship between selfconcepts and career success. The data was collected through questionnaire from the personnel employed in banks. The employees have a great influence on both antecedents of career success through perceived employability. In order to increase the performance, specific abilities and skills of employees this study will be helpful. Results showed significance of 2 self-concept organizationbased self-esteem and voluntary learning behavior with career success and one insignificant result with role breadth self-efficacy. Humanity Publications Azman Hashim International Business School, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Malaysia. Azman Hashim International Business School, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Malaysia. Azman Hashim International Business School, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Malaysia. 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/The-Influence-of-Organization-Based-Self-Esteem-Role-Breadth-Self-Efficacy-and-Voluntary-Learning-Behavior-on-Career-Success-through-Mediation-of-Perce https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Politicotainment: Fictionalizing Politics in Pakistani Cinema Haleema Khalid Muhammad Shahbaz Behzad Anwar Media Politics Politicotainment Fictionalization of Politics DHA CDS This article aims to investigate Maalik, Pakistani political thriller as the product of ‘politicotainment’, a genre combining politics and entertainment. Keeping in view the nexus of politics, media and language, Discourse Historical Approach from the perspective of Critical Discourse Analysis with a particular focus on media, discourse, and society is employed. Maalik, is exceptional movie because it is explicitly related to real life socio-political and socio-cultural events of Pakistan; its focus on social and political issues such as exploitation of power and corrupt political system shifts the focus towards the ownership of Pakistan and accepting responsibilities. Therefore, the film connects the emerging political discourse in Pakistan with the rising public pulse against corruption and call for accountability. This research provides insights regarding the discursive construction of contemporary Pakistani narrative in the time of national crisis in order to reveal the projected and recontextualized norms in the context of Pakistan. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Elite College for Girls, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of English, GC Women University Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of English, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Politicotainment-Fictionalizing-Politics-in-Pakistani-Cinema https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Corporate Governance as a Determinant of Stock Price Synchronicity: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan Adnan Ahmad Humera Manzoor Muhammad Ibrahim Khan Stock Price Synchronicity Corporate Governance Investor Protection Board Size Independent Directors Audit Committee Disclosure The objective of this study is to investigate the association of investor protection (IP) and stock price synchronicity (SPS). Based on the theory that a strong IP reduces information asymmetry (IA) and enhances the quality of firm fundamental information through disclosures of annual reports. Such information is then considered for investment decisions. SPS is measured by Co-movement of majority of share prices in either direction in a stock market, while IP is proxied by Size of the Board of Directors, ratio of the independent directors to total size, and audit committee. Data has been downloaded from State Bank of Pakistan, Companies web sites, and Pakistan Stock Exchange for the period 2010-17. Using panel data analysis techniques, results show that IP and SPS are negatively related. These findings suggest that companies with strong IP help in reducing IA and thus increase the use of FFIs for investment purposes. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, IBL,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,IMS,Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, IBL,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Corporate-Governance-as-a-Determinant-of-Stock-Price-Synchronicity-Empirical-Evidence-from-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).20 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Role of Identities in the Indo-Pak Relations: A Study in Constructivism Ahmad Ali Syed Imran Haider Muhammad Ali Identity Construction Social Institution Ideas. The history of Pakistan-India relations is full of conflicts ever since the partition of the sub-continent in 1947 and is much evident with respect to major and minor wars together with border skirmishes as a routine job. The rivalry between the two nation-states is generally studied in the context of realism. However, this research aimed to study the role of social institutions in the formation of identities resulting in hostile relations between the two nationstates. The research has undergone a thorough analysis of social institutions considered influential in any society with respect to identity formation. The study found that social institutions of education, media, religion, and politics have played a significant role in the construction of interstate hostile identities. It is found that utilization of ideas, and norms practiced in social institutions, has constructed the identities that resulted in hostile behavioral patterns in the masses of two South Asian nation-states. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Political Sciences,Higher Education Department, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. PhD, Goethe University,Frankfurt, Germany. 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Role-of-Identities-in-the-Indo-Pak-Relations-A-Study-in-Constructivism https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).21 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Social Construction of Feminism through Media: The Discourse and Critique in Pakistan Noor Fatima Muhammad Bilal Bisma Butt Feminism Social Construction of Women Power Structures of Gender Feminism is about studying gender differences and regarding complementing the role of sexes in society. Unfortunately, Pakistan can be counted among the states that show less tolerance towards Feminism and has been regarded as a western concept that accounts for being unnecessary for an Islamic state. Post 911 Muslims became the center stage of world politics while Muslim women with false notions were started to seen as the oppressed and victimized. In portraying the image of women, world media has played an important role. With the changing media discourse, the perceptions regarding womens roles also changed. This research article would highlight the effect of media on the building of power structures of gender in Pakistan. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Politics and IR,International Islamic University Islamabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Registrar, Women University, Swabi, KP, Pakistan. PhD Scholar,Department of English,University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Social-Construction-of-Feminism-through-Media-The-Discourse-and-Critique-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).22 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Students' Socio-Economic Status and Academic Adjustment in University of Sargodha Mushtaq Ahmad Asghar Ali Saifullah Khan University Students Socio-Economic Status Academic Adjustment The study was about the influence of socioeconomic status on academic adjustments of undergraduate students. The study was a cross-sectional survey. The population was all the undergraduates enrolled in the university of Sargodha. Using a multistage random sampling sample of 550 students was selected. A modified scale ‘Socio-economic status surveys for students’ from Student to College Questionnaire (SACQ), were used and on the bases of pilot testing showing reliability coefficient Cronbach Alpha values 0.90 and 0.71 respectively. Data were analyzed by calculating frequencies, percentages and mean score, t-test and one-way ANOVA. The major findings were that the majority of students had moderate academic adjustment; no significant difference was found in academic adjustment with respect to their SES. It is recommended that students' may be provided with the opportunities of group projects and counseling and guidance to gain a high level of academic adjustment. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Education, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education,University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan. Lecture,Department of Education,Government Degree College Farooka, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/students-socioeconomic-status-and-academic-adjustment-in-university-of-sargodha- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).23 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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United States Intervention and the Following Hegemony in Cuba and Chile: A Critical Appraisal Abdul Zahoor Khan Ahmed Ali Sajjad Ali Cuba US Hegemony Capitalism Communism Chile Intervention US hegemony as the result of its interventions in Cuba and Chile is a historical reality. The United States used to be scared that the imposition of Communism had minimized the Americans dominance over there under the policy of nationalization. Although, the United States had tried his luck in Cuba twice, in decades of the 1960s, to vanish communism dangerous roots, but unfortunately faced defeat. Again in the 1970s decade, the United States faced the same threat of communism (in the form of Salvador Allende regime) in Chile. Chile has blessed with such rich mineral resources like Cuba, so the United States also had similarly established its strong hold inform of different significant companies. In order to prevent the power of Salvador Allende and his nationalization policy, the United States had launched a military coup in 1973 that resulted in success that also helps to minimize the communism threats in the region. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of History & Pakistan Studies,International Islamic University, Islamabad-Pakistan. Lecturer, Higher Education Department, KP, Pakistan. PhD Schoar, Departmen of Political Science,Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/United-States-Intervention-and-the-Following-Hegemony-in-Cuba-and-Chile-A-Critical-Appraisal https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).24 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Role of Shariah Board in Islamic Banks: Pakistan's Perspective Muhammad Mushtaq Ahmed Zia Uddin Muhammad Iqbal Shariah Board Islamic Banks Pakistan Shariah Compliance The State Bank of Pakistan introduced diversion from the individual Shariah advisory system to the Shariah board mechanism by issuing the Shariah governance framework in 2016 by making it mandatory for the Islamic banks to have an independent Shariah board. In this paper, it is examined whether the Shariah boards have any effective role in the improvement of the Shariah compliance environment of the banks or not? And how to make it more effective for the betterment of the Islamic banking industry? A questionnaire has been developed to study and inspect these issues. The results indicate that even though the role of sharia board could not be denied in the improvement of Shariah compliance in IBIs, however, the mechanism may be further strengthened. The study also suggests that Shariah board members should be involved regularly by making it obligatory on the IBIs to arrange frequent meetings of the board. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic & Arabic Studies, University of Swat, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Islamic & Arabic Studies, University of Swat, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Islamic & Arabic Studies, University of Swat, KP, Pakistan. 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-role-of-shariah-board-in-islamic-banks-pakistans-perspective https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).25 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Somatotyping and Physical Fitness of Pakistani National Rower Tanvir Abbas Muhammad Zia ul Haq Qasid Naveed Somatotype Physical Fitness Rowers Rowing is a popular sport across the globe which involves both skill and strength. The aim of the present investigation is to examine the somatotype and physical fitness of the Pakistani rowers. Data was collected from (n = 08) lightweight, and (n = 14) heavyweight Pakistani national rowers. Age, height, body mass, skinfold of triceps, subscapular, supraspinal, and calf, breadths of elbow and knee were measurement for somatotype as guided by (Norton and Olds, 1996). Push up, anaerobic, 2000 meter of maximal rowing ergometer, and set and reach for flexibility. Pearson product of correlation and t-test was applied for statistical analysis. The result showed there was a slight difference among light and heavyweight rowers in their somatotype measurements. On the other hand, the vertical jump was significantly correlated with rowing performance. It was concluded the leg power is associated with the performance of rower. It is proposed that rowers would improve their leg strength through training that enhances rowing performance. Humanity Publications Government High School Dhullay,Gujranwala, Puanjab, Pakistan. Department of Physical Education & Sports Science, Faculty of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Department of Sports Science, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Somatotyping-and-Physical-Fitness-of-Pakistani-National-Rower https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).26 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Indus Water Treaty: Threats of Abrogation, Plans for Revision and Prospects of Survivability Manzoor Ahmad Naveeda Yousaf Muhammad Zubair Distribution of Water Violation of Indus Water Treaty Uri attack Abrogation or Survival of the Treaty Water as a Weapon Indus Basin Treaty which was brokered by the World Bank for resolving water issues between Pakistan and India. Despite persistent hostilities and wars between the two arch-rivals, the treaty has functioned well and is still crucial for Pakistans water security and peace of the region. However, owing to increasing tension of water shortage in both Pakistan and India strains arise over the treaty. Growing Pakistani demands for water and sustained Indian construction of hydropower projects, as well as other dams on western rivers, have raised threats regarding the survivability of the treaty. Presently the treaty has come under intense threats after Uri attacks. Due to this incident some Indian commentators recommended abrogation, while some circles proposed revision of the treaty. However, questions arise whether revision of the treaty suit Pakistans interests? Will the treaty survive in the face of current crisis? What is Pakistans current stand on the issue? Humanity Publications Department of Political Science,Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Department of Political Science,Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan Associate Professor,Department of Law, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Indus-Water-Treaty-Threats-of-Abrogation-Plans-for-Revision-and-Prospects-of-Survivability https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).27 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Exploring Factors Influencing Employability of Vocational Training Graduates in Pakistan:A Factor Analysis Asghar Ali Iqbal Ahmad M. Anees-ul-Husnain Shah Teaching Strategies Multimedia higher order Thinking Skills KWLH Charts This study was conducted to explore factors influencing the employability of vocational education graduates in Pakistan. Data were collected from 141 teachers. The data were analyzed using factor analysis approach. The principal component analysis method was applied to exploring influencing factors. The following six factors were found influencing the employability of vocational graduates such as education mismatch, market need, relevant experience, job creation, policy and skills training. Based on the findings it is recommended that the vocational training curriculum needs to be updated and students need to be provided practical experiences through field-based learning. There is a need to link the curriculum of the vocational training institutions with industry. There is a need to provide skill-based training rather than theoretical teaching to the students before they enter the job market. Last but not least, demandbased policies need to be made and implemented for promoting skill development of the graduates. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Malakand Chakdara, Dir (L), KhyberPahtunkhwa, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Education,University of Malakand Chakdara, Dir (L), KhyberPahtunkhwa, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education,University of Education, D.G Khan Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/exploring-factors-influencing-employability-of-vocational-training-graduates-in-pakistana-factor-analysis- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).28 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Democratization in Pakistan: Role of Media in Civilian and Military Regimes Ali Shan Shah Abdul Basit Mian Muhammad Azhar Democratization Press Media Media Laws Colonial laws Pressure Groups Without active, free and strong media, democracy is not completed. In countries where freedom of press is limited, democratic values are not established. Media had been facing violence in Pakistan whether it remained political or military governments. Struggle of press can be traced back before the inception of Pakistan when press was under tight governmental control. This caused nothing other than sabotaging the rights of people. Founder of Pakistan was strong supporter for the freedom of press and encouraged Muslims to get declarations for new newspapers. It is an important question to investigate why in the democratic republic of Pakistan such Colonial Laws are made that hindered the progress of press and media. And it is also important to investigate that how media raised the voice of suppressed people in the dictatorial regimes and what was the role of media in civilian governments for the promotion of democracy. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor (OPS), Department of Political Science & IR, GC, University Faisalabad,Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Political Science & IR, GC,University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Political Science & IR, GC, University Faisalabad, Punjab,Pakistan. 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Democratization-in-Pakistan-Role-of-Media-in-Civilian-and-Military-Regimes https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).29 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Investigating the Influence of Transformational Leadership Style on Employee Commitment: A Case of Petroleum Sector in Pakistan Fahad Sultan Syed Haider Khalil Syed Mohsin Ali Shah Transformational Leadership Employees' Organizational Commitment Petroleum Sector The current study aimed to find out the influence of transforming style of leadership on employees commitment, working in petroleum sector of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Transformational leadership theory proposed that leaders with competence and vision instill commitment in employees. Based on leadership transformation theory, this study adopts positivistic approach using quantitative techniques. Data were obtained through 5 points Likert scale questionnaire, distributed inside the employees of KPOGCL and ODGCL the questionnaire was having three part. Random sampling method was adopted during data collection. Among 65 questionnaires, 60 were returned back which show 92.30 % response of the study area. Statical analysis of data showed significant relationship among transformation style of leadership and commitment of the employees. It is inferred, based on the current investigation, that transforming style of leadership has positive influence on employees organizational commitment. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Institute of Business Studies and Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Institute of Business Studies and LeadershipAbdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Institute of Business Studies and Leadership,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Investigating-the-Influence-of-Transformational-Leadership-Style-on-Employee-Commitment-A-Case-of-Petroleum-Sector-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).30 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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English Course of Distance Learning Program: A Case Study of Parallel Education System Rameesha Haris Sana Baig Fareeha Javed English Course Intermediate Level Teaching Material Students' and Teachers' Perceptions Distance Learning Program Pakistan Textbooks/course materials are considered as the key component in teaching and learning any language. The present study aims at revealing the strengths and loopholes of the Intermediate English compulsory course of a distance learning program being offered in Pakistan. The study followed a qualitative approach and collected data through semi-structured interviews taken from teachers and pupils teaching the selected distance learning program in order to address the research questions. Overall findings of the study revealed that the textbooks used in the selected distance learning program are quite adequate to fulfil learners' learning needs and cover three language skills of reading, writing and listening but, speaking skills could not be improved because students being distant learners. Further findings showed that the textbook content comprises everyday conversation, communication skills, functional grammar and basic skills of the English language. Students suggested adding a positive point to their textbooks that are familiar with the basic grammar and function will help in improving reading and understanding literature. Teachers suggested that instructional practices need to be improved and asked for the provision of proper guidance from ELT experts as the textbooks are appropriate but need teacher guidebooks. Humanity Publications Research Scholar, Department of TESOL, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of TESOL, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/english-course-of-distance-learning-program-a-case-study-of-parallel-education-system https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).31 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Rise of China: Regional Power Politics Abdul Shakoor US China Afghanistan CPEC Regional Connectivity Security India China uses its wide-spreading economic policy as a tool to maintain the balance of power in the region. In the case of Afghanistan, China wants the peaceful transition of power to the government of Afghanistan. Similarly, besides this region, China looks for economic development and bilateral trade to satisfy its energy needs. The study argues that most of the regional countries are having solid reservation over the Indian "hegemonic ambitions". This has led to persistent tension amongst the South Asian giant and its smaller neighbor states. To counter the upper handed treatment of New Delhi, the rest of the countries have intended to have friendly ties with China. China insists that problems and disputes should be handled strictly according to the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence without the use of force or other means. It is further argued that China is acting as a balancer in the region to counter the aggressive attitude of other regional or global powers. China, at every point, complains against the 'big brotherly' and 'hegemonic attitude' of India against its neighbors, pointing out that all the regional states must be treated equally irrespective of their size and geographical location. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor/Chairman, Department of International Relations Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, (AWKUM), KP, Pakistan. 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Rise-of-China-Regional-Power-Politics https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).32 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Modern State and the Contestation of Succession in Sacred Spaces: Examining the Local Moral Authority of the Shrine of Baba Farid in Pakpattan (Punjab-Pakistan) Muhammad Mubeen Baba Farid Chisht? Sufi Shrines Modern State Moral Authority Pakpattan sajjada-nishin Succession Cases The Sufi shrines that emerged and developed in the Indian subcontinent during the medieval period had developed their respective patterns of succession to the office of their custodians based on relation to their separate Sufi orders. The office bearers also enjoyed a level of socio-religious, spiritual, and moral authority according to the status of their shrines in the realm. However, after the emergence of the modern state in the Indian subcontinent, the succession issues at the Sufi shrines became part of the judicial system established by the British. Likewise, the succession issues that emerged at the shrine of Baba Farid in Pakpattan (Punjab-Pakistan) during the colonial and postcolonial times were also dealt with through the new judicial apparatus. The arising phenomenon significantly impacted how issues were handled, affecting the office bearers local spiritual and moral standing. This study intends to explore the nature of the recent succession cases and analyze the effects of the encounter of the office of the sajjada-nishin of the shrine of Baba Farid with the modern state had on its socio-religious stature. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-modern-state-and-the-contestation-of-succession-in-sacred-spaces-examining-the-local-moral-authority-of-the-shrine-of-baba-farid-in-pakpattan-punjabpakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).33 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Exhuming the Reality: Connecting Physics and Metaphysics Tahir Ul-Mulk Kahlon God Prophets Physics Metaphysics Science Technology Spirituality The purpose of this paper is the discovery of reality. It develops a relationship between physical and nonphysical, which is a bold ambition and requires a lot of logical reasoning.Humans involved in scientific explorations are in search of spiritual enlightenment or vice versa? This document is a stream of thoughts, and its goal is not to convince anyone rather,in the words of Shakespeare, "confound” and  "confuse” and of course, motivate us to seek the truth. Economists assume and try to analyze with logic. There are some assumptions on Science (physical) and Spirituality (metaphysical) that are widely held and accepted.(1) Spirituality and science are as oil and water and thus do not mix. (2) Spirituality is obviously superior to Sciences. (3) Science has a value in monetary terms, but Spirituality has no price. (4) The Science is cold, inhuman, the heart of stone, but Spirituality is deeply human and warm. These assumptions revolve around the notion of God because people think that Spirituality is God/Nature and Science is not natural and is apart from God.Science is an object used against God, and we try to build on our own what God has planned for us or refused to us purposely. With Science, we are asserting our independence and God Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Government & Public Policy Department, National Defence University Islamabad, Pakistan 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/exhuming-the-reality-connecting-physics-and-metaphysics https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).34 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Fanon's Socio-Diagnostic and Neurosis of the Colonized: The Colonial Trauma in 'Twilight in Delhi' Kanwal Zahra Muhammad Abou Bakar Twilight in Delhi Muslims Subcontinent Indian Freud's theory of Psychoanalysis The present study is focused on the marginal position of the Muslims in the Indian Subcontinent and its effects on the structuring of their psyche in Ali’s novel Twilight in Delhi. Its main concern is the analysis of neurotic behaviors of the main characters of Twilight in Delhi in the light of Fanon’s re-interpretation of Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis. The central argument of this study is that psychological problems of Muslims in a colonial situation, as shown in the novel under discussion, are not natural, but are consequences of conditions that are linked to their social and economic circumstances. Their psychological behavior shows the effects of their socioeconomic environment created by the colonizer. It is not inherently structured without being influenced by the conditions of the outer world that originates from the colonial suppression and occupation. The research is informed by Fanon’s re-interpretation of the theory of psychoanalysis in which he proposes that the psychological disorders in the outcasts or marginal in a colonial situation are effects of the social order which they find to live in. This research tends to analyze how Twilight in Delhi takes up the issue of Muslim’s marginality that results in psychological disorders. Moreover, it focuses on the circumstances or conditions, foregrounded in the novel, that lead to the psychological problems of Muslims in Twilight in Delhi Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Centre for Languages and Translation Studies, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan Lecturer Department of English, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/fanons-sociodiagnostic-and-neurosis-of-the-colonized-the-colonial-trauma-in-twilight-in-delhi- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).35 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Indo-US Strategic Partnership and Regional Politics Mujahid Hussain Syed Umair Jalal Muhammad Bilal Indo-US Strategic Partnership South Asia 9/11 Politics The United States and India relationship has changed from offense to more extensive engagement since 2004. 0With mutual interest and potential of both, the US and India relationship has matured into a strategic partnership through mutual atomic cooperation. This paper investigates the cost and advantage of the strategic partnership of India and the US and the effect on the South Asian balance of power in the backdrop of PakUS relationships. It additionally concentrates on the security structure of the neighborhood, and challenges for the US to keep up strategic partnerships with the opponents India and Pakistan. Humanity Publications Senior Lecturer Department of Humanities and Social Sciences,Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan MPhil. Scholar,Department of Political Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan Assistant Registrar Women University, Swabi, KP, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Indo-US-Strategic-Partnership-and-Regional-Politics https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Crafting Resistance through Narratives in Afghanistan Tahir Ul Mulk Kahlon Ghulam Qumber Rafaqat Islam Resistance Policy Narrative Policy Framework Taliban Afghanistan Narrative offers an evocative opportunity to understand the power of knowledge manipulation within the public policy system. Despite the influence of narratives in designing, formulating, and implementing of public policies, it is a relatively nascent concept in public policy studies.The war in Afghanistan truly represents a battle of narratives. This paper takes a Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) approach to explore the narratives used by resistance forces in Afghanistan within the belief system of a religion. It acknowledges that narratives matter and that by studying the same, one can construe their influence on policies. The paper finds that resistance groups such as the Taliban, mobilize support and operate in battlefields across Afghanistan; simultaneously bolstering their legitimacy and community influence garnering support from within and outside Afghanistan. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Government and Public Policy, Faculty of Contemporary Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Deputy Director ISSRA, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan Faculty of Institute for Strategic Studies, Research and Analysis (ISSRA), National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Crafting-Resistance-through-Narratives-in-Afghanistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene in Pakistan: An Assessment of the Support of the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank (2000-2016) Huma Ikhlaq Sohail Ahmad Inayat Kalim Pakistan Water Sanitation and Hygiene World Bank An effective Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) is considered as one of the building blocks for the health of a populace. Unfortunately, this sector in Pakistan is quite fragile, and the intensity of fragility varies from one unit of the state to the other. However, for the development of WASH in Pakistan, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the World Bank (WB) are providing assistance in project preparation and implementation. This paper outlines the causes of the poor condition of WASH sector in Pakistan. Moreover, it evaluates the interventions of the ADB and the WB in the country from 2000-20016. It is also pondered over whether or not these interventions have brought betterment in WASH sector in different provinces of Pakistan. More importantly, the paper also highlights loopholes in the developmental strategies of ADB and WB and suggests few possible strategies for the development of the WASH sector. Humanity Publications Lecturer, University of Lahore,Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Humanities,COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Humanities,COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Water,-Sanitation,-and-Hygiene-in-Pakistan:-An-Assessment-of-the-Support-of-the-World-Bank-and-the-Asian-Development-Bank-(2000-2016) https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Regional Security Implications of ChinaPakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) Ghulam Qumber Waseem Ishaque Syed Jawad Shah CPEC Fate Changer Game Changer WinWin Cooperation CPEC is the first of the Belt and Road Initiative's (BRI) six envisioned corridors and the flagship project connecting the belt from Kashgar with the maritime Silk Road at Gwadar Port of Pakistan. From Pakistan's perspective, this project has been labelled "Fate Changer" for Pakistan and "Game Changer" for the entire region. CPEC is expected to bring significant economic and geo-strategic benefits for Pakistan and China. The expected investment of USD 60 billion will elevate Pakistan's economy and security. Both the countries remain committed to see its timely completion. While CPEC offers opportunities at global, regional and domestic levels, it faces some internal and external challenges. Therefore, a comprehensive approach in realm of foreign policy initiatives, governance and security domains is required. Humanity Publications Deputy Director, ISSRA, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of IR, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Deputy Director, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Regional-Security-Implications-of-ChinaPakistan-Economic-Corridor-(CPEC) https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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China Pakistan Economic Corridor and the Complex Interdependence Sohail Ahmad Sadia Sohail Muhammad Rizwan CPEC China Pakistan Complex Interdependence Challenges China Presented in the late 70s, the theory of Complex Interdependence is in line with the contemporary scenario of international politics. International politics has given up the traditional approaches of hard power. Non-state actors now serve as significant stakeholders in world peace. This paper examines CPEC along the framework of Complex Interdependence. China will build a network of roads, railways and highways across Pakistan, contributing to infrastructure development and economic growth. The notion that China and Pakistan are “iron brothers” is popular among the diplomatic circles of both states. Both states share military, diplomatic and strategic ties. However, the economic ties could not be realized to the full potential as contacts at the societal level are minimal. CPEC possesses the ability to bridge these gaps and transform the relation into “Complex Interdependence”. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of International Relation,COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan. MS scholar,Department of International Relations,COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan. MS scholar,Department of International Relations,COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/China-Pakistan-Economic-Corridor-and-the-Complex-Interdependence https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Evaluation of the Post-Insurgency Rehabilitation Program in Sri Lanka Ilam Khan Ahmed Saeed Minhas Hajra Nasir Satti Rehabilitation reintegration DDR ex-combatants In the broader Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) programs, the terms 'rehabilitation' and 'reintegration' are erroneously used as synonyms. The manifestation of these two distinct phases of a program can be seen in many affected parts of the world. Sri Lanka is one such place where the rehabilitation program was launched after an extended war against insurgency. The vigilantes constituted by the Sri Lankan armed forces, known as Civil Defense Forces (CDF) has been controversial. This paper differentiates the theory and practice and explains what could be done to enhance the capacity and effectiveness of the programs Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Peace and Conflict Studies,Center for International Peace and Stability (CIPS), National University of Sciences and Technology Ex-Director,Institute for Strategic Studies, Research and Analysis (ISSRA),National Defense University (NDU), Islamabad, Pakistan. MS Scholar, Department of International Relations,COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Evaluation-of-the-Post-Insurgency-Rehabilitation-Program-in-Sri-Lanka https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Mitigating Challenges of CASA-1000 for Greater Regional Cooperation Zaheer Abbas Manzoor Khan Afridi Inayat Kalim CASA-1000 Central Asia South Asia Pakistan Afghanistan To sustain economic growth of the South Asian region, an uninterrupted supply of abundant Central Asian energy needs to be ensured. The situation for energy trade between the two regions is mutually beneficial. The Central Asia South Asia Electricity Transmission and Trade Project (CASA-1000) is a well-thought initiative to fulfill the energy demands of the region by transmitting 1300 megawatts electricity from Tajikistan and Kyrgyz Republic to Afghanistan and Pakistan. Central Asian partners are enthusiastic on the completion of CASA-1000 as the project is expected to bring an economic boost to the countries. Despite many opportunities, the project is facing some challenges in the form of financing of the project, security of the transmission lines, political instability of Afghanistan, and sustainability. This paper attempts to highlight challenges which may impede the successful implementation of the project. Humanity Publications MS Scholar,Department of International Relations,COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities, IIUI, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Mitigating-Challenges-of-CASA-1000-for-Greater-Regional-Cooperation https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Foreign Debt and its Implications for Pakistan's National Security Rafaqat Islam Sarfraz Hussain Ansari Shahzad Hussain Foreign Debt National Security Exacerbation Sanctions Legislation National security implications of the rising government debt in Pakistan increase concerns about military powers such as the USA and industrial giants such as Japan. This paper examines the unprecedented rise and abundant use of debt by governments since 2008. Apart from economic sustainability risks of the debt, the paper also traces history of Pakistan's search for national security since 1947. Pakistan achieved nuclear capability in the face of opposition from the USA. There are fears that in the presence of huge external debts and low capacity to service them, Pakistan may not be able to take independent decisions regarding national security. The paper offers recommendations to overcome the threats Humanity Publications Faculty of Institute for Strategic Studies,Research and Analysis (ISSRA), National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Government and Public Policy, Faculty of Contemporary Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Government and Public Policy,Faculty of Contemporary Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/foreign-debt-and-its-implications-for-pakistans-national-security- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Expression of Socio-Political Zeitgeist in Tsarist Central Asia Printing Ayaz Ahmad Muhammad Bilal Asghar Khan Central Asia Publication Printing Sociopolitical Zeitgeist Orientalism Orientalist approach to Central Asia especially Bukhara in our historical references present a romantic picture. This paper takes publications and printing as the indicator of intellectual maturity of the population and progressive zeitgeist in socio-political life. Analysis of historical events and facts reveal very little appetite of reading, almost universal ignorance and scarcity of written/printed books. The transformation of Central Asia took place after introduction of presses during the Tsarist control. With the arrival of printing, not only literacy increased but also the scope, number and range of topics expanded. As a result of printing/publication, the Jadidist ideology emerged and opposed the Qadimist status quo. Ultimately the Jadids prevailed. Therefore, the paper establishes that socio-political awakening and increase in printing/publication are linked. The paper recommends revisiting errors in the representation of Central Asia in our accounts of history Humanity Publications Lecturer,Department of English,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Registrar, Women University, Swabi, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer Department of Regional Studies,University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Expression-of-Socio-Political-Zeitgeist-in-Tsarist-Central-Asia-Printing https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Strategic Significance of Pakistan's Counter Terrorism Efforts Since 2014 Masood Ur Rehman Khattak Tauqeer Hussain Sargana Mujahid Hussain Terrorism Taliban TTP FATA Haqqani Network NATO Pakistan is successfully fighting against militants in its tribal areas. The threat in tribal areas has complicated security situation. Many terrorist groups allegedly operate in FATA, e.g. Hafiz Gul Buhadur Group, Molvi Nazir Group, the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan, and the Haqqani Network/ Afghan Taliban. The operation Zarb-I-Azb was a huge success. Pakistan's army destroyed many IED Factories, dismantled training Centers of the Suicide Bombers run by different terrorist groups and TTP Run Media Centers, exposed detention centers of militants and recovered foreign currency during Operation Zarb-i-Azb. For long term peace and stability in tribal areas, the government must carry out reconstruction and development programs aon a large scale. There is a need to rebuild the capacity of the local population. Free education, rehabilitation and de-radicalization programs must be initiated to mainstream FATA youth. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Politics and International Relations,International Islamic University Islamabad (IIUI), Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Politics and International Relations, International Islamic University Islamabad (IIUI), Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities & Social Sciences,Bahria University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/strategic-significance-of-pakistans-counter-terrorism-efforts-since-2014- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Indo-Russian Missile Defense Deal: Re-Calibration of Ties Sahar Anwar Khan Uroosa Ishfaq Muhammad Usman Ullah Russia India S-400 Defense Defense deal Structuralism Russia has been India’s all-weather friend and strategic partner for the past 70 years. However, for a decade or so, they are drifting away and are seeking new friends and partners. India has been making new partners in the West and Russia is working closely with China to counter US hegemony. It has been forging warmer, more cooperative relations with Pakistan. In this scenario, the recent missile defense deal can be considered a milestone in bilateral relations between India and Russia, ushering in a new era in relations. Mutual interests and politics led both states to recalibrate their relation so as to not lose old, trusted partners and simultaneously maintain strategic autonomy. This research qualitatively analyzes the structural drivers in the relation of the two states in the background of S-400 missile defense deal concluded in October 2018. Humanity Publications Lecturer,Department of International Relations,Women University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. MS Scholar,Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Paksitan. Junior Research Fellow,Humanity Research Council,Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Indo-Russian-Missile-Defense-Deal:-Re-Calibration-of-Ties https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Avoiding Zero-Sum between Iran and Saudi Arabia: Pragmatism in Pakistan's Gulf Policy Syed Jawad Shah Waseem Ishaque Noor Fatima Balance of Power Zero Sum Game Foreign policy formulation and management is quite sensitive. No country can either desire or afford to remain isolated internationally. Furthermore, a state is always concerned with its security and survival and cannot afford to sacrifice national interests. As a member of the international community, states, apart from ensuring their national interests are also expected to play their due role for international peace and stability. Pakistan has always followed a pragmatic foreign policy and demonstrated exceptional skills in balancing her relations with major powers and regional players. Pakistan has also maintained a finely balanced policy towards Middle East and Gulf. The crises in Yemen, transformation in the Middle East and transitional balance of power demand a reevaluation of our foreign policy which avoids a zerosum game between Iran and Saudi Arabia so that Pakistan can also remain relevant to the regional and international players. Humanity Publications Deputy Director, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of IR,National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of International Relations,International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/avoiding-zerosum-between-iran-and-saudi-arabia-pragmatism-in-pakistans-gulf-policy- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Nuclear Security and Diplomacy in South Asia: Future Prospects for the Nuclear Pakistan Asghar Khan Amjad Ali Dadda Syed Ali Shah Nuclear Security Diplomacy Strategic Pakistan South Asia This paper rationalizes the major pressures on Pakistani nuclear program in a regional perspective and explores the sufficiency of various solutions that Pakistan can adopt to cope with them. The paper argues that though Pakistan reluctantly entered the nuclear race compelled by India, the club of early nuclear powers does not recognize this compulsion. The pressures on Pakistan are multifarious: sanctions on acquisition of arms, aid, and engaging in economic activities and overt/covert diplomacy (ranging from persuasion to intimidation and isolation). The paper finds that for Pakistan, besides nuclear arms, the main issues are her statehood, security, and development. The paper recommends that future demographic developments and finding a solution to the economic woes would help Pakistan in making its nuclear programme safe. The change in global perception about Pakistan’s economic and security needs would help in achieving this aim. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Regional Studies, Department of Regional Studies, Independent Research Scholar,Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Nuclear-Security-and-Diplomacy-in-South-Asia:-Future-Prospects-for-the-Nuclear-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Impact of Power Structure on Sustainable Ecotourism at Chitral Gol National Park Pakistan Mohib ullah Amran Rasli Fayaz Ali Shah PolicyImplementation Power Structure Sustainability Chitral GolNational Park This research investigated the issues of power structure and government policies and its implementation towards sustainable ecotourism development in Chitral Gol National Park Pakistan (CGNP). Data was collected through unstructured questionnaires from staff members, community and tourists. The respondents were selected by using purposive sampling technique. Qualitative data techniques such as focus group discussion and in-depth interviews were conducted with the key stakeholders to explore the effect of policies, implementation and power structure on sustainable ecotourism. The results suggest that there is an imbalance of power structure and poor policy implementation that badly affect the sustainable ecotourism at CGNP. This study can be replicated in other National Parks to verify the findings of this study. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. Professor, Azman Hashim International Business School,Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences,Islamia College University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/The-Impact-of-Power-Structure-on-Sustainable-Ecotourism-at-Chitral-Gol-National-Park-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Pakistan and India Trade Potential Saima Gul Shaukat Shaista Gohar Competitiveness Complementarity Formal and Informal Trade Interdependence South Asian region could not achieve prosperity and growth until Pakistan and India work together for the development of trade relations. Their cordial trade links would open the gate of opportunities for all. This is only possible if rivalry is removed and supportive environment for trade is introduced. This article is addressing the question whether there is any potential for trade between Pakistan and India or not? An affirmative answer to this question encourages both giants to divert their productive energies towards economic interdependence and regional uplift. Pakistan and India have the potential of trade, though trade has both characters of competitiveness and complementarity while both can lead to prosperous trade relations if sincerely pursued. Competitiveness would result in efficiency of industries and production while complementarity, especially, the emerging one would prove to be an impressive instrument of development and widening of relations. Humanity Publications PhD ScholarDepartment of International Relations, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Political Science,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Pakistan-and-India-Trade-Potential https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Measuring the Administrative Satisfaction of Government Higher Secondary School Principals in Punjab Khuda Bakhsh Shafqat Rasool Khaliq Hussain Principal Higher Secondary School Government Administrative Satisfaction Punjab The study was intended to look into the level of administrative satisfaction experienced by the government higher secondary school principals . The target population of the study was all the principals working in government higher Secondary School of the Punjab province. A sample of one hundred principals from seven districts participated in this study. The researcher developed a questionnaire to measure administrative satisfaction among male and female principals. Two research questions guided the study. Data collected with the instrument were analyzed both descriptively and inferentially using mean, standard deviation. The results revealed that the principals working in government higher secondary schools experience a moderate level of administrative satisfaction. The level of administrative satisfaction in female principals is higher than those of their male counterparts. Some potent recommendations were made on the basis of the results to see the principals more joyful as needed and desired in this regard. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education,Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Education,, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Education, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Measuring-the-Administrative-Satisfaction-of-Government-Higher-Secondary-School-Principals-in-Punjab https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Takaful, Insurer type and Efficiency: An Application of Parametric Approach Muhammad Jam e Kausar Ali Asghar Abdul Zahid Khan Hafiz Ghufran Ali Khan Insurance Takaful Value added approach SFA Tobit This study is conducted in two steps. Firstly, Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA) is applied to estimate efficiency of the Takaful and conventional insurance firms in Pakistan from 2005 to 2010. It is found that life insurers are performing poor in comparison to general insurers. In addition, Takaful firms are found less cost efficient in comparison to conventional insurance firms. Secondly, the Tobit results imply that the size, investment and claim are found negatively related with the efficiency of insurance companies which suggests that larger size raise the cost of doing business whereas, due to financial crises the investment of large firms are also dropped. Moreover, improvement in minimum capital requirement is found fruit full both for cost and profit efficiencies. Therefore, it is suggested that the regulators should keep continue this policy to further improve financial health of the insurance industry. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Management Sciences, University of South Asia, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Technology Management, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Management Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Takaful-Insurer-type-and-Efficiency-An-Application-of-Parametric-Approach https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Implementation Challenges to Women Protection Laws in Pakistan Muhammad Zubair Syed Imran Haider Farhana Khattak Women Protection Laws Gender Equality Barriers Justice System Gender equality and the elimination of violence against women has been taken a high priority on the international development agenda. Pakistan has introduced different laws from time to time for the safety and protection of women across the country including the different provinces. The paper analyzed pro-women and girl laws in the provinces of Sindh and tried to find out the barriers in the implementation of such laws. The major barriers found include the structural barriers at the level of judicial, police and the system of prosecution. In addition, the socio-cultural normative structure of society is strongly patriarchal. The political interests of different leaders, as well as political parties, also get the issue of implementation compromised. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of Law, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP,Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, SW & Pop. Studies,Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, SW & Pop. Studies,Allama Iqbal OpenUniversity, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/The-Implementation-Challenges-to-Women-Protection-Laws-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Productivity in the Emerging Asian Economies Asma Saeed Zahoor Ul Haq Javed Iqbal Data Envelopment Analysis; Growth Accounting Framework; Productivity; Total Factor Productivity. Total factor productivity (TFP) has played a vital role in fostering the growth of the agriculture and manufacturing sectors of emerging Asian economies. However, few attempts have been made to unveil this link. The core objective of our paper is to evaluate TFP growth via two different approaches (1) growth accounting framework and (2) Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for emerging Asian economies, namely, China, Pakistan, India, Indonesia, South Korea, and Japan. Results obtained from both approaches revealed that on average productivity performance increased for the sample countries over the study period. Furthermore, DEA results indicated that increase in agriculture and manufacturing sector's productivity is largely attributable to the technological advancement in these countries while the role of technical efficiency change is not encouraging. Policymakers need to frame appropriate policies achieving higher TFP growth both through technological innovation and efficiency improvements in order to attain sustainable economic growth. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Economics, Pakhtunkhwa Economic Policy Research Institute, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Economics, Pakhtunkhwa Economic Policy Research Institute,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Economics, Pakhtunkhwa Economic Policy Research Institute, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Productivity-in-the-Emerging-Asian-Economies https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Attitude and its Aspects towards English Language Learning among the Students of Public and Private Schools of Gujranwala Muhammad Shahbaz Behzad Anwar Muhammad Babar Jamil L2 Attitude Public Schools Private Schools Gujranwala Pakistan This comparative study investigates the learners' attitudes towards learning English from two comparative education systems (private and public sector) of Pakistan. This study is an attempt to measure the cognitive, emotional and behavioral attitudes of these young learners towards English. The research methodology is quantitative in nature. The tool used for data analysis by the researchers is questionnaire. Steal's (2004) questionnaire has been used to measure the attitude of the learners towards English language. The data has been collected from 100 students of four different schools including two private and two public schools in Gujranwala district. The quantitative analysis of the data is executed by SPSS and the findings reveal that the students of private schools show positive attitude towards English language as compared to the public schools' students. The researchers also suggest a large-scale study from various parts of the country with larger population to know the reason behind the positive or negative attitude of students. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, GC Women University, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of English, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of English,Gift University, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Attitude-and-its-Aspects-towards-English-Language-Learning-among-the-Students-of-Public-and-Private-Schools-of-Gujranwala https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).20 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Volatility of Regional Sharia Compliance Returns and US News Impact Kashif Hamid Rana Shahid Imdad Akash Muhammad Mudasar Ghafoor US News Volatility Sharia Compliance Indices Leverage Effect Investigation of the impact of US News proxy on the returns of regional sharia compliance indices and volatility is the primary aim of this study. The daily data of Dow Jones Islamic index (DJII), Jakarata Islamic Index (JKII), Karachi Meezan Islamic Index (KMI) and Standard and Poor 500 stock index has been taken for the period of July 01, 2013 to June 30, 2018. GARCH (1,1) is extended with US News proxy for KMI, DJII and JKII. US news proxy identifies that leverage effect reveal the long run persistency in volatility. EGARCH (1,1) model indicates that higher volatility has bee also increased by bad news than good news due to leverage effect in sharia compliance returns. This study leads to extend various assets pricing models by modeling the volatility and will also inform the international and regional investors about the new trends of investment in Islamic stock indices and portfolio diversification. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Institute of Business Management Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,University of Sargodha,Women Campus, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Director,University of The Punjab, Jhelum Campus, Jhelum, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Volatility-of-Regional-Sharia-Compliance-Returns-and-US-News-Impact https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).21 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Socio-Cultural Determinants of Child Marriages and Teenage Pregnancies among Adolescent Girls and Young Women: A Case Study of District Sanghar and Karachi Syed Imran Haider Arshad Khan Bangash Muhammad Ali Adolescents Child Marriage Reproductive Health Teenage Pregnancy Child marriages and early age pregnancy are an alarming issue among adolescent girls and young females in South Asian region. This research was carried out to understand the knowledge, attitude, and practices towards child marriages and early age pregnancies. For this purpose an exploratory research design was employed and data was gathered through using qualitative and quantitative research techniques. The research found that the respondents were lacking authentic knowledge about sexual and reproductive health rights. Most of the respondents were having access to public and private health service providers and this channel can be a source for the quality information about sexual and reproduce health and rights. An integrated approach through combing all the channels and stakeholders of the society can be vital for the desired social change to counter child marriages and early age pregnancies. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Sociology, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Pakistan. PhD Scholar,Goethe University, Frankfurt Main, Germany. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Socio-Cultural-Determinants-of-Child-Marriages-and-Teenage-Pregnancies-among-Adolescent-Girls-and-Young-Women-A-Case-Study-of-District-Sanghar-and-Kara https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).22 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Paradigm Shift from Conventional to Islamic Banking System: A Case of the Conversion of Taqwa Islamic Banking in Pakistan Muhammad Mushtaq Ahmed Javed Khan Fazl e Haq Paradigm shift Islamic Banking Conversion SBP The Bank of Punjab The paradigm shift in banking industry from conventional to Islamic system of banking has been evident in previous decade. Conventional institutions are also either setting-up Islamic subsidiaries or converting conventional set-up into Islamic. The bank of Punjab started Taqwa Islamic Banking-(TIB) by converting its 1st branch into Islamic banking in 2012. In 2014, the bank completed one of the largest conversion project by converting 24 conventional into Islamic banking. In this paper, the regulatory guidelines of SBP in respect to conversion is discussed and procedure adopted by the bank of Punjab-TIB- is studied and analyzed. Practical complications and key problems faced by BOP-TIB and its possible solution is also presented. The study will provide a clear view of the conversion and the method adopted by BOPTIB. The study will further guide institutions intends to adopt conversion of its business from conventional model into Islamic model. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Islamic & Arabic Studies,University of Swat, Swat, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Islamic & Arabic Studies, University of Swat, Swat, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Islamic & Arabic Studies,University of Swat, Swat, KP, Pakistan 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Paradigm-Shift-from-Conventional-to-Islamic-Banking-System-A-Case-of-the-Conversion-of-Taqwa-Islamic-Banking-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).23 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Anthropometric and Physical Fitness of the Under-16 Regional-School Cricket Players, of Bahawalpur, Pakistan Muhammad Tahir Nazeer Muhammad Zia Ul Haq Muhammad Badar Habib Anthropometry Body Segments Cricket Bowling Cricket Batting Cricket Players The aim of this study was to analysis the anthropometry and fitness of the under-16 regional and school cricket players. Twenty participants were selected from the Bahawalpur regional cricket team and (n = 20) from school teams. Selected variables were height, weight, skinfolds, girths, bone lengths, breadths, 30-m race, set-ups, hand grip strength, flexibility, standing broad jump, and agility. the anthropometric and physical fitness of regional and school cricket players was compared by applying Independent t-test. The results disclosed that the regional cricket players were significantly higher in arm span, arm length, and leg lengths, shoulder, elbow and knee breadths. The regional cricketers were faster in 30 m sprints, hand grip strength, setups, flexibility, and standing broad jump than school players. It was concluded the under-16 regional players were superior in anthropometric and physical fitness because they were selected from the larger population and regular in training program than school cricketers. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Sports Science & Physical Education,The Punjab University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Physical Education & Sports Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Physical Education & Sports Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Anthropometric-and-Physical-Fitness-of-the-Under-16-Regional-School-Cricket-Players-of-Bahawalpur-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).24 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Child Rights Situation in Pakistan Manzoor Ahmad Muhammad Zubair Muhammad Rizwan Pakistan Constitution Fundamental Rights Child Rights Child labor Sexual abuse The research regarding Child rights in Pakistan has immense magnitude for the socio-economic development in Pakistan. Resembling the majority of the worlds developing countries, Pakistan is also facing numerous social and economic problems. The weaker economic condition of the society resulted in an environment of uneven social conditions and class discrimination which becomes a huge hurdle in the way of attainment of a prosperous society. However, the most vulnerable element of society which is mainly affected by the worse social or economic condition is children. Approximately thirty-five % of the countrys populace is age 15 or lower from which about twenty-five millions are out of schools and 12 million are employed in labor work. The objective of this study is to analyze the situation in which the majority of the Pakistani children are facing numerous challenges in getting access to basic rights including healthcare, education and protection from abuse etc Humanity Publications Associate Professor,Department of Political Science,Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Law,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies,Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Abbottabad KP, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Child-Rights-Situation-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).25 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Correlation between the Anthropometric Measures and Performance of the Cricket Pull Shot- A Case Study of the Malaysian National Batsmen Muhammad Zia Ul Haq Muhammad Badar Habib Muhammad Nazeer Cricket Batting Kinematics Anthropometrics Body Segments Pull Sho This study was conducted to examine the correlation between the anthropometric measure and kinematic of pull shot. Eighteen cricket batsmen were recruited for data collection. The variables were recorded as stature, body mass, skinfolds, girths, bone lengths, breadths and physical strengths. The pull shots were recorded with two video cameras and Aerial Performance Analysis System (APAS) software for the kinematic of the pull shot. All kinematic were not significantly correlated with the pull shot performance except the bat angle. It was concluded that the girths and breadths of upper and lower limbs are associated with higher perforamnce of pull shot at the moment of batball contact. The wider arms help to maintain the body position to execute a successful pull shot. The extension of the knee, hip and elbows assist batsmen to keep body position against the short of length ball for an accurate pull shot. Humanity Publications Lecturer,Department of Physical Education & Sports ScienceThe Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Physical Education & Sports Science,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Sports Science & Physical Education, The Punjab University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Correlation-between-the-Anthropometric-Measures-and-Performance-of-the-Cricket-Pull-Shot-A-Case-Study-of-the-Malaysian-National-Batsmen https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).26 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Ascend and Descend of the British in the Malakand Zone and the Role of the Napoleon of the Pathans: A Historical Study Abdul Zahoor Khan Khurshaid Muhammad Bilal British Malakand Swat NWFP Dir Yousafzais Wakhan Jandul The Siege of Malakand was the July 26 to August 2, 1897 siege of the British garrison in the Malakand region of colonial British Indias NWFP. The unrest caused by this division of the Pashtun lands led to the rise of Saidullah, a Pashtun Fakir who led an army of at least 10,000 against the British garrison in Malakand. Although the British forces were divided among a number of poorly defended positions, the small garrison at the camp of Malakand South and the small fort at Chakdara were both able to hold out for six days against the much larger Pashtun army. The Napoleon of Pathans- Khan Umara Khan of Janduls role will be put under discussion which is considered as a hub of the discussion held in this article. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of History & Pakistan Studies,International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of International Relations, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Registrar,Women University, Swabi, KP, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Ascend-and-Descend-of-the-British-in-the-Malakand-Zone-and-the-Role-of-the-Napoleon-of-the-Pathans-A-Historical-Study https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).27 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Pre and Post Partition Socio-Economical and Educational Development in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: A Historical Review Mohammad Sohail Shazia Kanwal Nayab Rizwan Pre Partition Education Post Partition Education This paper shows the pre and post partition socio-educational scenario of the then N.W.F.P now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The objectives of the study were (i) to explore the pre partition history of the educational development (ii) to explore the post partition scenario of educational uplift in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (iii) to compare the pre and post partition educational developments in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Data was collected mainly from primary sources like Directorate of Archives and libraries, Peshawar and personal interviews were conducted too. For secondary sources, data was collected from books, research papers, newspapers, magazines and other published material. The data was analyzed through internal and external criticism. It was concluded from the study that education as policy matter saw no difference both in pre and post partition period. However, after the independence, the development ration ratio increased with a high momentum. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Education,Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. PhD Scholar,Institute of Education and Research, Pakistan. Mphil Scholar,Abdul Wali Khan University,Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Pre-and-Post-Partition-Socio-Economical-and-Educational-Development-in-Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa-A-Historical-Review https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).28 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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International Arab Students Attitude towards Learning English Saira Maqbool Lubna Umar Umaima Kamran Attitude English Language Learning English English is not more the language of few countries it has become an international phenomenon. Thats why many types of research all over the world are exploring the attitude of these non-native English learners towards it. The current study explores the attitude of Arab students (studding in Malaysia) towards learning English. This study adopted the methods of descriptive research design. In this approach, quantitative data from questionnaires of 49 respondents, Arab countries students studying at the University of Science Malaysia was collected. For data analysis, Pearson correlation and multiple recreations were conducted and it was found out that the Arab students with the attitude towards English had a significant correlation with English learning and importance and English language Policy of their country. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of English Language and Applied Linguistics,Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of English Language and Applied Linguistics,Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Linguistics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/International-Arab-Students-Attitude-towards-Learning-English https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).29 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Independence of Judiciary: An Assessment of Lawyers Movement and its Impact on Civil Society of Pakistan Ali Shan Shah Muhammad Waris Mian Muhammad Azhar Lawyer Civil Society Democratization Rule of law Social Movements Democracy Pressure Groups Political Parties Justice Lawyers are important part of Pakistani society. They actively participated in the movement against the military regimes. Social movement are necessary for the renewal of the society. These movements help to make a society vibrant and prone to democratization. All the fractions of the society took keen interest in this movement. This historic movement gave youth the initial lessons of democracy and students took part in this movement as they were active in the first two decades of Pakistani political history. Students are the educated and informed part of the society and remained on forefront in the movements in the country. In recent years lawyers, media, students unions, military and ulema played important role in restoring of judiciary and played important role for Lawyers Movement in Pakistan 2007-09.Rule of law issue educated Pakistani civil society and the society became more vibrant about the democratization in the country. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Political Science & IR,GC, University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of History & Pakistan Studies,GC, University Faisalabad, Punjab,Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Political Science & IR, GC, University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Independence-of-Judiciary-An-Assessment-of-Lawyers-Movement-and-its-Impact-on-Civil-Society-of-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).30 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Emotional Intelligence of Lecturers and its Impact on Teaching Effectiveness at Public Universities of Peshawar Shazia Kanwal Mohammad Sohail Hafiz Muhammad Inamullah Emotional Intelligence Teaching Effectiveness Lecturer The objectives of the article were to highlight the relationship between Emotional Intelligence (EI) and teaching effectiveness of lecturers at public universities of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The researcher adopted a quantitative research design to examine the relationship between the variables under study. The population of the study was lecturers working at public universities of Peshawar. A multistage sampling technique was used to select a sample of the study. Data was gathered using the Self Report Measure of Emotional Intelligence and Teaching Effectiveness Scale. The validity of the instrument was determined through experts opinion while reliability was established using Cronbach Alpha. Data were analyzed applying Pearson Product Correlation using SPSS 20 version. The findings of the study revealed significant relationship between all the facets of emotional intelligence and teaching effectiveness. On the basis of findings it is recommended that higher educational institutions must focus on significance of EI for effective performance and for such purpose emphasise enhancing and promoting their EI skills. Humanity Publications Principal,Elementary and Secondary Education, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Education,Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, PK, Pakistan. Professor,Institute of Education and Research,University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Emotional-Intelligence-of-Lecturers-and-its-Impact-on-Teaching-Effectiveness-at-Public-Universities-of-Peshawar https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).31 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Political Marginalization of Women in Pakistan: Issues and Challenges Mian Muhammad Azhar Abdul Basit Khan Muhammad Waris Pakistan Political Marginalization Women Participation Patriarchal Approach Inclusive Society Women constitute almost half of the worlds population but are politically marginalized and underrepresented in the third-world countries. The long-lived traditional structures as well as socio-economic factors adversely affected their mobility, socialization, political and electoral participation and representation in policy-making forums. Being low in effectiveness, they are unable to make any significant change in the patterns of sociopolitical development. In Pakistan, the traditional patriarchal approach and the growth of Islamic fundamentalism adversely affected their political emancipation and domesticated them. Although, women in Pakistan successfully struggled to overcome the said challenges and their representation in the parliament has significantly been increased but still need a lot to become an effective part of the policymaking process. The instant study investigates the challenges faced by the women of Pakistan to overcome their political marginalization and suggests the measures to develop a more inclusive and representative society. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Political Science & IR, GC, University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant professor,Department of Political Science & IR,GC, University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of History & Pakistan Studies,GC, University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Political-Marginalization-of-Women-in-Pakistan-Issues-and-Challenges https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).32 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Promoting Consumer Culture: An Analysis of Pakistani Electronic Media Advertisements Rashida Imran Saira Maqbool Ameer Sultan Discourse Advertisement Beauty Consumerism Language Symbols Producers This study aims at analyzing Pakistani electronic media advertisements discourse to investigate the linguistic techniques of consumer product companies to reach more customers and sell more products. The research study focuses on the characteristic features of the advertising discourse which are intended to inculcating desirability and fostering new needs in the viewers/consumers. The data for the research consists of 12 advertisements aired on Pakistani TV channels. Linguistic analysis of the research study reveals that advertisements serve the primary function of enabling the consumer products companies to win the largest market share. Creative and innovative use of linguistic and extra linguistic features make advertising discourse powerful, potent and persuasive enough to promote the consumer culture. Humanity Publications Lecturer,Department of English,Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of English,Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of English,International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Promoting-Consumer-Culture-An-Analysis-of-Pakistani-Electronic-Media-Advertisements https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).33 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Studying Teacher Resilience: Nature and Conditions of Development of Resilience in Tertiary Teachers of Pakistan Shagufta Moghal Asma Shahid Kazi Tahira Kalsoom Teacher Resilience Professional Development Tertiary Education Life Risk and Protective Factors This study explored the nature and conditions conducive to the development of resilience in tertiary teachers of Pakistan. The study employed a qualitative approach to data collection and analysis. Data was collected from five information-rich cases through the use of a life history approach to narrative inquiry and semistructured interviews. The data acquired was then subjected to linear and contrastive analysis to arrive at main themes or categories of resilience based on the commonalities in experience evident in the narratives of the research participants. The themes were the maturity and personal growth of the individual, the commitment to the profession, the role of mental strength and capabilities, leadership and authority positions, successful incidents of handling stress and challenges, setting personal standards for performance and success, the role of the expectations of significant other in decision making and the chance to create a new identity for oneself Humanity Publications Department of Professional Studies,Institute of Education,Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Department of Professional Studies,Institute of Education,Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Research and Evaluation Department,Lahore College for Women UniversityLahore, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Studying-Teacher-Resilience-Nature-and-Conditions-of-Development-of-Resilience-in-Tertiary-Teachers-of-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).34 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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How do Students Self-Esteem and Attitude to Learning English Relate to Classroom Learning Environment? Ghazal Khalid Siddiqui Huma Lodhi Muhammad Anwer Attitude Self Esteem Learning Environment This study investigates the correlation of secondary level learners attitudes for learning English and self-esteem with the classroom learning environment. From Punjab Province, 1002 public secondary school respondents formed the population. The sample consisted of males (486), females (516), urban (565) and rural (437) and was selected from two districts (Lahore and Kasur). Instruments namely WIHIC (Fraser, 2007), attitude towards learning English (Batool, 2016) and students self-esteem (Rosenberg,) scales having reliability 0.91, 0.83 and 0.68 (in Pakistani context) respectively, were used. Findings exposed a significant and more positive attitude for learning English among female respondents. Correlation (Pearson r) between the learning environment and attitude for learning English revealed no significant results at gender basis while on locale basis urban respondents showed significant correlation. The gender-based difference showed girls had more self- esteem than boys. Rural participants had more self-esteem concerning urban respondents. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,University of Education Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,University of Education Lahore,Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,University of Education Lahore,Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/How-do-Students-Self-Esteem-and-Attitude-to-Learning-English-Relate-to-Classroom-Learning-Environment https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).35 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Perception of Prospective Teachers about Practices of Sustainable Competencies Learned During PreService Teachers Program Ambreen Siddique Muhammad Anwer Huma Lodhi Teacher Education Sustainable Competencies Quality Education The quality of teachers and teaching depends on prospective teacher education programs which have been enthusiastic to gain competencies among teachers. Therefore, to attain essential teacher competencies during teacher training programs has great meaning to prepare prospective teachers for the teaching profession. This research focused to explore the pre-service teachers perceptions about practices of competencies they learned during the teacher education program. Through survey research data was collected from B.Ed. Hons student through an instrument. A convenient sampling technique was employed. The result of data shows no significant difference in competencies practices on basis of gender and sector, the only significant difference was seen in in-service teacher competencies, where in-service show high mean score in particular competencies practices as compared to the pre-service teacher. Researchers should focus on these variables and plan their orientations according to the perceived lack of prospective teachers Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,University of Education,Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,University of Education,Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Perception-of-Prospective-Teachers-about-Practices-of-Sustainable-Competencies-Learned-During-PreService-Teachers-Program https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).36 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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British Public Perception towards Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq Aasima Safdar Samia Manzoor Ayesha Qamar Public perception British media Iraq war Afghanistan war This article seeks to explore the perception of the British informants regarding the Afghanistan war 2001 and Iraq war 2003. Heavy users of British media were interviewed. The present article adopts the qualitative approach and ten in-depth interviews were conducted by the British informants. It was found that the British informants considered the 9/11 attacks as a tragic incident and Al Qaeda was held responsible for this. They supported their governments policies to curb terrorism but they highly condemned human causalities during the Afghanistan and Iraq wars. Particularly, they condemned their governments policy about Iraq war 2003. Regarding, the British media coverage of these wars, there was mixed opinion. Some of them considered that British media gave biased coverage to the wars however; few thought that media adopted a balanced approach. Overall, they stressed that the government should take responsible action against terrorism and human causalities should be avoided. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Communication studies,Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Communication studies,Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer Department of Communication & Media studies,Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/British-Public-Perception-towards-Wars-in-Afghanistan-and-Iraq https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).37 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Usage of Smartphone in Improving English Language Pronunciation at University Level Shahida Naz Mamuna Ghani Smartphones English Language Pronunciation University Education Learning correct pronunciation is a challenging job for second language learners. Learning correct pronunciation is possible only by the continuous effort in listening and practicing the Received Pronunciation, the most prestigious and standards accents of British English. Smartphones help the learners to speak English with pronunciation. The current research study was an effort to explore the usage of smartphones in improving English language pronunciation at the university level. Descriptive and quantitative research method was used in this study. Data were collected through a questionnaire that had close-ended items. Questionnaires were distributed among 383 learners studying in 6 universities of Punjab, Pakistan. Data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 22.0) to find out results in the form of frequency percentage, mean sore and standard deviation by applying the independent sample t-test. The results of the study demonstrated that using smartphones actually helps in improving students pronunciation due to continuous listening to authentic online audio videos materials. Eventually, students learn to pronounce English words individually and in connected speech like that of native speakers of English. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of English, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Department of English, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-usage-of-smartphone-in-improving-english-language-pronunciation-at-university-level https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).38 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Challenges to Pakistan's Foreign Policy in the Post-Cold War Era: 1991-2001 Ahmad Ali Khurshaid Ahmad Zahir Shah Cold War Foreign Policy US Strategy Taliban Nuclear Tests Globalization Pakistans geo-strategic position determined her foreign policy choices and directions during the global cold war conflict. The dawn of the new global system brought new phase of challenges and constraints for Pakistan. This new unipolar power structure obliged Pakistan to think in terms of reorientation of her foreign policy because it had lost her importance and opportunities after the Afghan war. Pakistan has faced the challenge of increasing isolation mainly because of these factors in the decade of 90s. Firstly, security secondly, her nuclear program and sanctions, thirdly, political uncertainty and inconsistency in determining foreign policy goals, fourthly, regional constraints like Afghan Taliban factor, fifthly, Nuclear tests and finally, her support of Kashmir freedom struggle. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Political Science,University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of International Relations,University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Political Sciences,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/challenges-to-pakistans-foreign-policy-in-the-postcold-war-era-19912001- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Drawing the Foreign Rivalry: Depiction of Indo-Pak Relations in Political Cartoons of Mainstream Pakistani and Indian English Newspapers (2014-2017) Ayesha Ashfaq Saba Ijaz Savera Shami Pakistan-India Rivalry Image Representation Political Cartoons Foreign Relations Newspapers Political cartoons play a significant role in the image construction of nations on the basis of foreign policies and relationships. Therefore, this paper is an attempt to examine the treatment of English newspapers of Pakistan and India to portray the Indo-Pak relationship in their political cartoons. This paper also analyzes the signs and symbols used to construct images during conflicts. Political cartoons of Dawn, Express Tribune from Pakistan and Times of India and The Hindu from India published June 2014 to July 2017 are selected. The methods of quantitative content analysis and semiotics are applied under the umbrella of framing theory. It concludes that political cartoons follow national interests in both countries with reference to rivalry between India and Pakistan and constructed the image as “we are the best” and “they are the worst”. It also highlights that terrorism is the most depicted issue by the cartoonists of both sides. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Institute of Communication Studies, University of the Punjab Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Mass Communication, University of the Punjab Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Mass Communication, University of the Punjab Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Drawing-the-Foreign-Rivalry-Depiction-of-Indo-Pak-Relations-in-Political-Cartoons-of-Mainstream-Pakistani-and-Indian-English-Newspapers-2014-2017 https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Continuous Development for Good Governance and Rule of Law: Obligations on International Institutions and Pakistan Ghulam Zikria Yasmin Roofi Rule of Law Good Governance Development Pakistan Good Governance and rule of law, the prerequisites of sustainable development are recognized and developed by international organizations to promote democracy. But the situation of both mentioned doctrines has not been so satisfactory in Pakistan, one of the democratic countries where new laws have had been established incompatibility with previous ones. Whereas, objectives of lawmaking and sustainable development can only be achieved by corresponding the laws and implementing rule of law and good governance. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Political Science,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Political Science,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Continuous-Development-for-Good-Governance-and-Rule-of-Law-Obligations-on-International-Institutions-and-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Candidates Personality and Voting Preferences in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Hassan Shah Zahir Shah Wajid Mehmood Khattak Personality Candidate Vote Voting Behaviour Election Khyber Pakhtunkhwa This study tries to find out whether personality of a candidate affects the voters preferences in elections in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa or not? It is believed that like other socio-political and economic preferences, candidates personality is also an important determinant of voting behaviour in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. This paper is an attempt to identify different indicators (Personal Influence, Socio-economic and Political Status in society) of personality vote in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The study is based on empirical data collected from North, Centre and Southern geographical regions of the province through a multi-stage sampling technique. Chi-square test is used for the data analysis. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Political Science,University of Buner, Buner, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, FATA University, Darra Adam Khel, KP, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Candidates-Personality-and-Voting-Preferences-in-Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Managing Agenda Setting in Pakistani Political TalkShows: A Functional Analysis of Interruptions Saira Asghar Khan Samina Amin Qadir Rizwan Aftab Political News Interviews Conversation Analysis Interruptions Cooperative and Disruptive Interruptions Agenda Setting This study aims to investigate the functional performance of interruptions in political news interviews. The selected sample for this study consists of approximately 200 minutes of recordings of political news interviews from the public state owned channel PTV World. The methodological framework for this study comes from Conversation Analysis. The analytical framework for the analysis has been developed from a study of literature pertaining to interruptions. At the initial level of analysis all interruptions are identified for their function (cooperative, disruptive and neutral), finally a qualitative exploration is carried out to see what purpose these serve in the specific format of news interviews. The findings reveal that a significant number of interruptions (80%) are of the disruptive nature. This result implicates that the interruptions by anchor are being used for controlling talk and significantly setting the agenda of the discussion within the political news interview and impacting the political view of the audience. Humanity Publications Lecturer,Department of English,Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Vice Chancellor,Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of English, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Managing-Agenda-Setting-in-Pakistani-Political-TalkShows-A-Functional-Analysis-of-Interruptions https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Propagation of Ideologies through Textbooks: A Study of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa English Textbooks Akbar Ali Salma Hassan Fazal Hanan Ideology Textbooks Critical Discourse The main purpose of the study is to highlight the ideological representation of an Islamic state, Pakistan along with leadership mindset in the textbook. It is a discourse study of the prescribed English textbook used as a core teaching material at intermediate level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. The researcher has analyzed various extracts and taken different lessons from the textbook of English compulsory taught at second year in the intermediate level. The study has used the Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis as a tool for the analysis of the textbook. In this connection the researcher has used the three dimensional model as framework for the analysis of the textbook. After a detailed analysis of the various lessons in the textbook, the researcher has given findings and further recommendations at the end of the study. The findings show that the prescribed textbook taught at intermediate level represents the ideology of the state as well as Islamic ideology along with the leadership qualities for the students. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English,FATA University, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, FATA University, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Propagation-of-Ideologies-through-Textbooks-A-Study-of-Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa-English-Textbooks https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Causes and Manifestations of the Perceived Behavioral Issues of Adolescents A Case Study of Learners in Secondary Schools Islamabad Syed Imran Haider Azhar Waqar Samreen Mehmood Adolescents Anxiety Parents Teachers FGDs The study aims to comprehend the adolescents' behavioral issues and their impact on their physical and emotional life. The theory of socialized anxiety and adolescents has been applied to this study which conceptually analyzes the anxiety and behavioral issues of the students. The qualitative and quantitative approach was utilized in the study and adolescent students wee the targeted sample. However, for qualitative study, the teachers and parents of the adolescents were also selected for focus group discussions. The study finds that the mood of adolescents frequently changes even in the school environment. It was also found that adolescents do not share their emotions and problems with their parents, though they prefer their teachers and friends. The study recommends that the gap between the parents and the adolescents must be reduced so that the adolescents could perform more effectively and efficiently in the school environment and their social life. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Sociology, Social Work and Population Studies, Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan. M.Phil, International Development Studies, Pakistan Institute for Conflict and Security Studies, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP,Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Causes-and-Manifestations-of-the-Perceived-Behavioral-Issues-of-Adolescents-A-Case-Study-of-Learners-in-Secondary-Schools-Islamabad https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Regional Discrepancies: Transformation of the Subsistence Livelihoods in the Cholistan Desert Region Sher Muhammad Malik Amjad Ali Fazal Rahman Cholistan Desert Region; Greater & Lesser Cholistan Regions; Regional Discrepancies; Subsistence Livelihoods; Transformation The Cholistan dessert is hot and dry region with two distinguished regions of Lesser and Greater Cholistan. The Lesser Cholistan is rapidly developed due to development in agriculture, infrastructure, mechanization, transfer of technology and land allotment policy. The Greater Cholistan region is least developed due to subsistence agriculture system, frequent natural hazards and epidemics outburst in the recent times. The study explores the basic causes of this discrepancies in the development of these two desert regions. The impacts of population growth, natural hazards, epidemics, modern technology, mechanization and land allotment policy are associated with transformation of subsistence livelihoods. It was found that the inhabitants of Lesser Cholistan has better adoptability capacity than Greater Cholistan due to prevailing opportunities in the policy and access to modern technology as well as least affected by natural hazards and epidemics in this desert region. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Geography, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Centre for Disaster Preparedness and Management (CDPM),University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Professor,Geography,University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP ,Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Regional-Discrepancies-Transformation-of-the-Subsistence-Livelihoods-in-the-Cholistan-Desert-Region https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Proposed Strategies for the Effective Implementation of Early Childhood Education Programme in Punjab Masroor Ahmad Haroona Jatoi Saqib Riaz Early Childhood Education Physical Facilities Head's Training Teacher's Training School Council Members/Parents The present study aimed to propose strategies for the effective implementation of Early Childhood Education Programme in government schools in Punjab. A sample of 300 heads of educational institutions was taken from the 36 districts of Punjab to evaluate this programme. A questionnaire was used to collect the opinion of the heads of educational institutions. The findings of the study show that physical facilities were provided by the government for the implementation of ECE programme in only 1000 schools in Punjab. The curriculum developed by the Federal Government is used for the development of the students. The heads of educational institutions and ECE teachers were provided training for effective implementation. The school council members/parents required to involve for the effective implementation of the ECE programme. The appointment of teachers on merits basis, having professional degree in Early Childhood Education is also required to make the ECE programme more effective and successful. Humanity Publications Student,Department Educational Planning & Management,Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad Pakistan. Director General (R),Academy of Educational Planning & Management (AEPAM),Academy of Educational Planning & Management, Islamabad Pakistan. Associate ProfessorDepartment of Mass Communications, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Proposed-Strategies-for-the-Effective-Implementation-of-Early-Childhood-Education-Programme-in-Punjab https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Anticipated Tuberculosis Stigmatized Identities and Deviant Workplace Behavior: A Moderated Mediated Model in Pakistan Adeeba Khan Syed Muhammad Mehdi Raza Naqvi Anticipated TB stigma Centrality TB Stigmatized Identities SelfEsteem Deviant Workplace Behavior In a competitive world there is a need of countries to maintain the productivity of firms. In the last few decades organizations highlighted the issue that most of the employees engage in negative workplace behavior. The current study highlights the serious causes of deviance behavior of employees. Employees diagnosed with Tuberculosis become stigmatized; they exhibit negative behaviors instead of citizenship behavior. In this study consider centrality of tuberculosis stigma as a moderating and selfesteem as a mediating variable. Data has been collected from tuberculosis stigmatized employees working in public and private tuberculosis hospitals across Pakistan. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Management & Social Sciences, Capital University of Science & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor,Department of Management & Social Sciences,Capital University of Science & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Anticipated-Tuberculosis-Stigmatized-Identities-and-Deviant-Workplace-Behavior-A-Moderated-Mediated-Model-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Economies of Scale and Efficiency of Mutual Funds in Pakistan Muhammad Jam e Kausar Ali Asghar Abdul Zahid Khan Hafiz Ghufran Ali Khan Efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis Mutual Funds Pakistan Mutual funds have a significant role as an institutional investor to allocate funds in an efficient way. Therefore, this study examines efficiency of mutual funds due to their substantial role in the growth of economy. Technical Efficiency (TE), Pure Technical Efficiency (PTE), and Scale Efficiency (SE) of mutual funds are examined over the period of 2011 to 2016 by following Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The results showed a TE of 70.6%, PTE of 73%, and SE of 96.3% in mutual funds of Pakistan. A significant boost has been noticed in the efficiency of the initial year but it decreased afterward. Decreasing return to scale is found 52.40% whereas, increasing return to scale are found 17.41%. There were only 30.19% mutual funds which are working on right scale. It suggests that regulators need to closely monitor mutual funds since unplanned growth in size of mutual funds will damage the overall efficiency since the decreasing return to scale are found highest in percentage. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Management Sciences,University of South Asia, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Technology Management, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Management Sciences,International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Economies-of-Scale-and-Efficiency-of-Mutual-Funds-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Re-reading Silko's Ceremonies and American History Qasim Shafiq Shaheena Ayub Bhatti Ghulam Murtaza Ceremony History Native Americans Silko This article retrieves the history of Native American ceremonies to highlight the aboriginal ways of being. Using Leslie Marmon Silko’s Ceremony to retrieve the reality of the ceremonies, I argue how the myths inscribed in Native American contemporary writings are the social and cultural embedment of the ceremonies in which they were written and thus the knowledge of prehistoric times. I focus on Silko’s modern techniques to revive the myths of oral tradition to understand and publicize the truths of Native American ceremonial world. She explains the ceremony of 1955 with reference to the ceremonies incorporated in Laguna myths, thereby juxtaposing two different time periods: the pre-Columbian timelessness and the post-second World War fragmented tribal community in Laguna in 1955. To understand the overlapping of poetic-prose stories I explain the function of ceremony in the prosperity of the Pueblo and assimilate the present in the past and the future. Humanity Publications Student,Department of English,National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Professor,Department of English, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Associate Professor,Department of English, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/rereading-silkos-ceremonies-and-american-history- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Error Analysis: A Study of Prepositional Errors at Advanced and Intermediate Level in Pakistan Liaqat Iqbal Irfan Ullah Ayaz Ahmad Error mistake error analysis contrastive analysis EFL The main purpose of this study was to contribute to a better understanding of the temporal preposition errors in order to have a positive impact on the teaching and learning process. The study investigated temporal preposition in the form of a test and questionnaire for the purpose of knowing the frequency and causes of these errors. The population consisted of intermediate and advanced level students at International Islamic University, Islamabad. Out of these, fifteen students were chosen from each level. Here the frequency of errors of both the groups is 58.89 % and the most problematic temporal prepositions were since, ago, between, over and throughout. The causes of error discovered were mostly overgeneralization and L1 interference. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of English,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan Lecturer, Department of English,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Error-Analysis-A-Study-of-Prepositional-Errors-at-Advanced-and-Intermediate-Level-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Empirically Investigating the Impact of Employee Engagement on Counterproductive Work Behavior of Academic Staff Hazrat Bilal Naveed Farooq Kauser Hayat Employee Engagement Counterproductive Work Behavior Academic Staff This study aims to assess the impact of Employee Engagement (EE) on counterproductive work behavior. An adopted survey instrument comprised of EE and CWB was used. Data was composed from academic staff through self-administered questionnaire. The sample entailed 199 respondents randomly drawn from academic staff of the universities owned by private sector. The instruments were found reliable and valid. The statistical tools such as descriptive statistics score, ANOVA, Ftest, T-test, coefficient correlations and regressions were used to analyze the data. The upshots of the study proposed sufficient evidence for the correlation between EE and CWB and concluded a negative connection between these two variables. The study recommended that universities shall focus more on EE in order to reduce the CWB and hence increase the overall employees performance. Academics can incorporate results of this study to develop models that would promote the EE and CWB area. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Center for Management & Commerce,University of Swat, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Government College of Management Sciences, Wana South Waziristan, Tribal District, KP, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Empirically-Investigating-the-Impact-of-Employee-Engagement-on-Counterproductive-Work-Behavior-of-Academic-Staff https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Testing of Volatility Spillovers Dynamics and Network Connectedness between Islamic Indices of Regional Stock Markets Kashif Hamid Rana Shahid Imdad Akash Muhammad Mudassar Ghafoor Islamic Indices EGARCH DCC-GARCH Volatility Spillover and Rolling Window Analysis Volatility spillovers and market network connectedness is the most recent phenomena which prevails among the financial markets. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the volatility spillovers and connectedness among Islamic Stock indices of global (MSCI) and Islamic indices of the regional stock markets i.e., DJMI, FTSE, JKI and KMI during the period 01/07/ 2013 to 30/06/2018. We used EGARCH (Nelson 1991), DCC-GARCH, static and rolling- window analysis to investigate the effects of volatility spillovers and connectedness by Diebold and Yilmaz (2012, 2014) and Mensi et al. (2018) methodology. It is concluded that MSCI and FTSE are the net recipients of shocks whereas; DJMI, JKI and KMI are net transmitters of shocks in a static spillover convention. Shock transmission process is time variant and volatility behaves in an asymmetric manner. The risk of spillover is quite sensitive to the political and economic events and it varies over time. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Institute of Business Management sciences,University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Commerce,University of the Punjab, Jhelum Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, University of the Punjab, Jhelum Campus, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Testing-of-Volatility-Spillovers-Dynamics-and-Network-Connectedness-between-Islamic-Indices-of-Regional-Stock-Markets https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Social Media and Youth: Uses, Problems, and Prospects in Southern Punjab (Pakistan) Muhammad Bilal Nawaz Abdul Wajid Khan Social Media Uses Problems Youth Southern Punjab The current study aimed to explore and investigate the social media uses and gratifications among the youth of Southern Punjab with regard to problems and prospects. The researcher aimed to investigate the social media usage behavior, preferences, gratification,and motives of the youth aged between 17-25 years to measure the prospects and problems of social media usage patterns. It was also measured that the level of impact of social media on social interactions, on religious information and level of trust and reliability over the information provided by social media websites. A survey research design has been utilized as a data collection tool. A total of 1200 respondents were selected by purposive sampling technique from the three selected districts. The results supported both theories Uses and Gratification and Social Learning as there was significant difference in usage patterns among youth belonging to different socio-demographic characteristics. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Media Studies, Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Media Studies,Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Social-Media-and-Youth-Uses-Problems-and-Prospects-in-Southern-Punjab-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Politics or No Politics on Social Media: Twitter and Pakistani Legislators Savera Shami Social Media Politicians MNAs of Pakistan Twitter Political Communication Social media is becoming an important forum for political activism and interaction; it is changing the entire landscape for political communication and is moving it to an all-new level (Kathurwar, 2017). The greatest advantage of Social Media is that the politicians themselves, are the producers of their own message. If, social media used strategically can greatly help the politicians to disseminate their message and lead the discussion in a desirable direction. Therefore, this study focuses on the usage of Twitter by the Members of National Assembly (MNA) in the last political regime i.e 2013-2018. The primary objective of carrying out this study is to investigate what the MNAs think their purpose of using Twitter was and are they tweeting the right content to fulfill their desired purpose on Twitter. According to the findings most of the politicians are using Twitter to disseminate their political information, hence fulfilling their political agendas. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Institute of Communication Studies,University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Politics-or-No-Politics-on-Social-Media-Twitter-and-Pakistani-Legislators https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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A Phenomenological Exploration of Efficacious Teachers' Experience with Instructional Challenges Syed Muhammad Aamir Saqib Shahzad Psychological Phenomenological Study; Efficacious Teachers; Challenges; Triple Impact; Habitual Non-Professional Attitude This psychological phenomenological study explored the challenges experienced by five efficacious teachers during instruction at a suburban government higher secondary school in Pakistan. The data collected through semi structured interviews was analyzed through Moustakas phenomenological data analysis plan. It was determined that the participants could not utilize their efficacy skills because of the challenges like poor supervision and no accountability by the principal, overcrowded classrooms and faulty paper marking by the fellow teachers. Further discussions led us to conclude that the said challenges in their triple impact resulted in an environment favorable for the growth of a habitual non-professional attitude in teachers because of which they could not show any efforts like commitment and resilience against them so as to justify their efficacy beliefs. On these bases, some suggestions were made to be seriously considered for the removal of the hurdles that thwart teachers from the efficient delivery of their performance during instruction. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Education,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor,Department of Education,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/A-Phenomenological-Exploration-of-Efficacious-Teachers-Experience-wzth-Instructional-Challenges https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Expressing Attitudinal Stance in Pakistani Academic Writing: A Corpus Based Study Musarrat Azher Humaira Jehanagir Rabia Faiz Attitudinal Stance Devices Disciplinary Variation Pakistani Academic Writing The present research aims to investigate the use of attitudinal stance devices proposed by Biber (2006) in Pakistani academic writing with respect to variation among disciplines. A special purpose corpus of Pakistani Academic Writing is built up with 235 research dissertations of M.Phil and PhD graduates representing three important disciplines (Humanities, Social Sciences and Sciences) and is tagged for the lexical and grammatical features expressing attitudinal stance to measure the frequency count of each feature out of 1000 words. The frequencies of attitudinal stance devices are separately calculated for each discipline and one way ANOVA is administered to see the significant differences among disciplines on the use of attitudinal stance devices. The findings reveal statistically significant differences among disciplines and would support the ESP syllabus designers and Pakistani academic writers.Key words: Attitudinal Stance Devices, Disciplinary variation, Pakistani Academic writing Humanity Publications Lecturer,Department of English,University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD scholar, Department of English, Lancaster University, Lancashire, England. Lecturer, Department of English, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Expressing-Attitudinal-Stance-in-Pakistani-Academic-Writing-A-Corpus-Based-Study https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).20 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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International Students' Social Adjustment and Self-Esteem: Are they Interrelated? Shamaiela Mehboob Shumaila Shahzad International students self-esteem Social adjustment Internationalization in higher education remained unsuccessful to obtain the concentration of investigators in Pakistan. The ultimate goal of this research is to explore the correlation between social adjustment of international students and their self-esteem (SE). Sample of the study comprised international students (N=204) who studied there in different institutes of Pakistan. For measuring social adjustment, Student Adjustment to Collage Questionnaire (SACQ) developed by R. W. Baker and B. Siryk in 1989 was adapted. To measure students self-esteem (SE), Renieose questionnaire (2017) was adopted. The findings of this research show that the international students had high self-esteem with the highest score on self-regard and lowest with social relations. They had high level of adjustment with the highest score on attachment and lowest on academic adjustment. Finally, there was a significant relationship between Social adjustment and self-esteem of international students. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education,Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education,Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/international-students-social-adjustment-and-selfesteem-are-they-interrelated- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).21 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Effectiveness of the Teacher Appraisal System in Public Higher Secondary Schools of Punjab (Pakistan) Muhammad Nadeem Seema Arif Muhammad Zaheer Asghar Effectiveness Performance Appraisal System Public Higher Secondary School Teachers School Principals Quantitative research was conducted to find out the effectiveness of the existing performance appraisal system (PAS). A survey research design was planned to determine the level of awareness of the teachers with the existing teacher appraisal system; moreover, the effectiveness was determined by the level of satisfaction or dissatisfaction of teachers with PAS and its probable effect on teaching practices. A random sampling technique was used to access the target population. A self-constructed questionnaire was distributed among 78 principals of public higher secondary schools and the reliability of the instrument was found to be .862. Step-wise regressions inform us dissatisfaction of teachers is associated with the transparency of the appraisers. Management support and motivation were not found to be significant predictors need for improvement. The results further highlighted that a lack of awareness about PAS negatively affects motivation to perform better. A lot of improvement is needed to make the appraisal process more effective. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Education,University of Management & Technology Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education,University of Management & Technology Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education,University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Effectiveness-of-the-Teacher-Appraisal-System-in-Public-Higher-Secondary-Schools-of-Punjab-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).22 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Spiritual Rituals at Sufi Shrines in Punjab: A Study of Khawaja Shams-Ud-Din Sialvi, Sial Sharif and Meher Ali Shah of Golra Sharif Abdul Qadir Mushtaq Muhammad Shabbir Zil-e-Huma Rafique Khanqah Dargah SajjadaNashin Culture Esoteric Exoteric Barakah This research narrates Sufi institution's influence on the religious, political and cultural system. The masses frequently visit Sufi shrines and perform different rituals. The shrines of Khawaja Shams-Ud-Din Sialvi of Sial Sharif and Meher Ali Shah of Golra Sharif have been taken as case study due to their religious importance. It is a common perception that people practice religion according to their cultural requirements and this paper deals rituals keeping in view cultural practices of the society. It has given new direction to the concept of "cultural dimensions of religious analysis" by Clifford Geertz who says "religion: as a cultural system" i.e. a system of symbols which synthesizes a people's ethos and explain their words. Eaton and Gilmartin have presented same historical analysis of the shrines of Baba Farid, Taunsa Sharif and Jalalpur Sharif. This research is descriptive and analytical. Primary and secondary sources have been consulted. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of History and Pakistan Studies,GC University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Sociology,GC University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of History and Pakistan Studies, GC University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Spiritual-Rituals-at-Sufi-Shrines-in-Punjab-A-Study-of-Khawaja-Shams-Ud-Din-Sialvi-Sial-Sharif-and-Meher-Ali-Shah-of-Golra-Sharif https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).23 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Connecting Language, Gender, Literacy and Facebook: A Case Study with Multilingual Teenagers in Pakistan Fakhira Riaz Samia Mudassar Language Gender Literacy Social Media The aim of this research is to examine the interrelationship among language, gender, and literacy practices of multiling ual youth on Facebook in Pakistan. The data, c ollec ted primarily thr ough obs er vations , comprised the participants literacy practices on Facebook which was observed for three months. A convenience sampling technique was used for drawing the sample. Ten participants, five boys and five girls, participated in this research. Data analysis reveals that social media is widely used by young boys and girls to exhibit their gendered identity through language choices, content and purpose of using social media. The research is informed by recent research on the ethnogr aphy of digital literacy practices . Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of English,Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English,Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Connecting-Language-Gender-Literacy-and-Facebook-A-Case-Study-with-Multilingual-Teenagers-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).24 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Impact of Joint Forest Management on Rural Livelihoods in the Kalam and Siran Forest Divisions, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan Yahya Sheikh Muhammad Ibrar Javed Iqbal Joint Forest Management Rural Livelihoods Forest Resources Forest management policies in Pakistan have been generally following conventional approaches without considering the role of local community’s participation. In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan, Joint Forest Management (JFM) was introduced in 1996 with the active involvement of local communities for both sustainable forest management and community livelihoods. This study analyzes the impacts of JFM on rural livelihoods in Pakistan using a sample from 10 villages of Siran and Kalam Forest Divisions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Data were collected through interview schedule and focus group discussions from the local community members & forest department personnel. Results of the study revealed that the JFM played a key role in livelihoods improvement and forest development. Also, JFM improved relationship between local communities and forest department. This study recommends for introduction of policies that help in building trust and friendly relationships between forest department and local communities for sustainable forest management. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Social Work,University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Social Work,University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Economics,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Impact-of-Joint-Forest-Management-on-Rural-Livelihoods-in-the-Kalam-and-Siran-Forest-Divisions-Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).25 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Assessment of Physical School Environment of Public Sector High Schools in Pakistan and World Health Organization9apos9s Guidelines Matin Gul Ahmad Farooq Shah Physical School Environment High Schools Multan The physical school environment influences the health and educational performance of students and staff. World Health Organization (WHO) has developed guidelines for developing countries to evaluate the Physical school environment. Hence this study analyzed the physical school environment of high schools to ascertain the extent of implementation of these guidelines in Multan. Ten core indicators water quality, water quantity , water facilities , hygiene promotion practices , toilets and handwashing facilities, control of vector-borne diseases, cleaning and waste disposal system, school building conditions, school safety and supportive classroom conditions were assessed by three research tools. The responses of 10 core indicators were scored and described. The study concluded that the 10 core indicators at the district level were not meeting the WHO desirable score and the district score (1.01) was below the WHO desirable score (1.5). The development of the Physical School Environment is in the positive trend of Humanity Publications PhD scholar,Department of Educational Planning,Policy Studies and Leadership (EPPSL), Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Professor,Department of Education,Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Assessment-of-Physical-School-Environment-of-Public-Sector-High-Schools-in-Pakistan-and-World-Health-Organizations-Guidelines https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).26 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Fifth Generations Warfare (5GW)-The New Dimensions of Enemies Launched Warfare and Security Concern of Pakistan Irfan Ahmad Tahir Manzoor Khan Afridi Media Imposters Media Memes. Fabricated themes Baffled news and Commercial clientele. The advent of internet, its confluence with Communication and Information Technology (C&IT) has given an exponential rise to generate waves of hyper information thus providing an opportunity to the enemies to launch transitional level of Fifth Generation Warfare (5GW) from various platforms. The present internet dominated age coupled with Mediasine qua non usage of deceitful information, baffled news and fabricated themes launched through hostile think tanks and hostile intelligence agencies through their spoofing agents under cover of Media imposters, Media Memes and scintillating campaigns with covert commercial clientele. Such slanderers aim to undermine State capacity and capability to act and react during odds/under tense situations. The enemy hired slanderers, their tittle tale imposters propagate the sugar coated lethal contents to the masses especially the youth has many varying dimension and blatant angles corroborated into 5GW Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Politics and IR Faculty of Social Sciences,International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. Head of Department of Politics and IR Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Politics and IR Faculty of Social Sciences,International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Fifth-Generations-Warfare-5GW-The-New-Dimensions-of-Enemies-Launched-Warfare-and-Security-Concern-of-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).27 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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How and What They Share? A Qualitative Study about Knowledge Sharing Practices of University Teachers Samina Kausar Muhammad Naeem Mohsin Abdul Qadir Mushtaq Knowledge Sharing Higher education Practices University The current study is concerned with the knowledge sharing practices of university teachers in Pakistan. The prime purpose of this study was exploring the different types of knowledge, different channels used by teachers, and identification of different factors in knowledge sharing process. The semi structured interviews with 15 heads of different department were conducted. The researcher personally approached to respondents and collected the data. The main findings indicated that majority of respondents shared that although they considered technology as a powerful knowledge spreading. The study recommends that there is the dire need to provide the organizational support to these practices by developing a broad mechanism of knowledge sharing. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Education, GC University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor,Department of Education,GC University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of History and Pakistan Studies, GC University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/How-and-What-They-Share-A-Qualitative-Study-about-Knowledge-Sharing-Practices-of-University-Teachers https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).28 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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ELT Teachers Attitude towards Language Learning Strategies Used in Southern Punjab, Pakistan Abdul Khaliq Akbar Ali Fazal Hanan ELT Attitudes Language Learning Strategies The present study throws light on language learning strategies, their effect on learning and instructors attitude in this respect .It defines that a learning strategy is a learners approach of understanding and employing particular skills in order to accomplish learning task efficiently. It also stresses that todays learner is smart enough to devise ways and methods to accelerate learning process. Learners use these techniques according to their needs and stage of learning. In parallel, it also explains that these techniques effect the behavior of instructor and his teaching methods as well. The researcher collected data from 110 participants of different schools, colleges and universities of Dera Ghazi (DG) Khan through questionnaire. This study shows that almost all the learners andteachers are inclined to use different learning techniques and improve their performance in this way. The researcher also identified strategies that are commonly used by learners and teachers to facilitate learning and teaching. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Social & Allied Sciences,CUVAS Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, English, FATA University, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Sociology,FATA University, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/ELT-Teachers-Attitude-towards-Language-Learning-Strategies-Used-in-Southern-Punjab-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).29 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Interactive Teaching to EFL Learners in Saudi Arabia and ESL Learners in Pakistan: Issues and Implications Muhammad Sabboor Hussain Aisha Farid Muhammad Shahbaz Interactive Teaching; EFL vs. ESL; Adult learners; mixed method The study aims to explore how far interactive teaching can produce desirable learning outcomes in educational institutions in Saudi Arabia with EFL paradigm and no scope of social interlocutions in English language in most of the areas. This is in sharp contrast to ESL paradigm as is observed in Pakistan. It points out possible implications of interactive teaching with the contrastive analysis of EFL and ESL paradigms. Using mixed method research design, a survey from learners and teachers in Pakistan and KSA, observations and interviews, it finds out that most of EFL/ESL learners and teachers realize the importance of interactive teaching in optimizing language learning; however, there are certain administrative, psychological and social factors that discourage its application: too much stress on class discipline, the anxiety faced by the learners on their turn of speaking, and the negative social image of the language specially in the context of Saudi Arabia. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, GC Women University, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, GC Women University, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, GC Women University, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Interactive-Teaching-to-EFL-Learners-in-Saudi-Arabia-and-ESL-Learners-in-Pakistan-Issues-and-Implications https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).30 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Money, Politics and Gender Equality: An Analysis of Assets of Women Legislators in Pakistan (2002-13) Sher Muhammad Muhammad Nawaz Bhatti Muhammad Waris Awan Political institutions financial resources gender equality economic status This paper studies the economic status of Women legislators through data from their assets submitted to the Election Commission of Pakistan from 2002-2013. The findings indicate that strong financial status is an important pre-requisite for successful entry into the politics. This study found that the majority of elected women belong to an elite class. It is also evident that the common Pakistani woman is still miles away from the corridors of power because she does not have sufficient economic resources to participate in politics. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Politics & International Relations, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, `Politics & International Relations,University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,History and Pakistan Studies,Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Money-Politics-and-Gender-Equality-An-Analysis-of-Assets-of-Women-Legislators-in-Pakistan-2002-13 https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).31 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Mother fixation in Sons and Lovers: An Educational Implication Shumaila Mazhar Fouzia Rehman Khan Sumaira Shafeeq Mother Fixation Phenomenology Psychology The present study aims at exploring the effective teaching approach of the theme of Mother Fixation in Sons and Lovers to Pakistani students. It has adopted phenomenology as a research paradigm. The study examined some of the impediments that teachers face in literature class, while dealing with this theme as well as how they tend to overcome these hurdles. There is some evidence from the data that majority of the respondents expressed feelings of embarrassment and hesitation while discussing the theme of the phenomenon of Mother Fixation. The result has shown that the theme of Mother Fixation, if handled properly while observing the ethical limitations of Pakistani society, would not harm the perception of the students about their family values. In addition to this, teachers cited valid concerns about giving a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the psychological aspect of the theme, taking into consideration the cultural restraints of Pakistani society. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English,Sardar Bahadur Khan Women University, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English,Sardar Bahadur Khan Women University, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Kashmir Studies, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Mother-fixation-in-Sons-and-Lovers-An-Educational-Implication https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).32 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Effect of Combined Teaching Strategies on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) of Biology Students Nasir Mehmood Muhammad Anwer Ahmed Tatlah Teaching Strategies Multimedia higher order Thinking Skills KWLH Charts In this age of globalization, learning priorities of the learners have been under dramatic changes and teachers have to develop combination of such strategies which can engage the learners of the 21st century. The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of combined teaching strategies on low and high achievers higher order thinking skills in biology at secondary level, conducted in a public school of Punjab province. The researcher used the combined teaching strategies which comprised of KWLH charts, hands on activities, multimedia integration and cooperative learning to cover the contents from 10th grade text book of Biology, for a period of 8 weeks. In this experimental research posttest only, design was adopted. The HOTS of biology students were assessed through 50 multiple choice items. After the intervention, experimental group exhibited promotion in HOTS of the biology students as compared to their counterparts. The results of t-test showed that these combined teaching strategies not only promote the HOTS of high achievers but were effective for the low achievers as well. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, University of Education,Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Effect-of-Combined-Teaching-Strategies-on-Higher-Order-Thinking-Skills-HOTS-of-Biology-Students https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).33 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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A Historical Review of Governance in Pakistan (1947-2012) Sajjad Ahmad Muqarrab Akbar Political Governance weakness Military Dominancy Accountability The present study attempts to make an understanding of the concept of governance and evaluation of its micromacro level of application on governance in Pakistan by using the model of McCawley theory 2005. In this article overall performance of governance regimes in the history of the country with the major focus on the administrative-economic results of their policies and decisions have been highlighted. Pakistans political stability, social development and industrial growth have always been victimized by its interest groups and elites. Pakistans weak political leaders always created a gap between civil and military bureaucracy and caused military regimes to rule the state. Today the countrys development is partial. The literacy rate is going better and active media have come up. Civil society has become assertive. The middle class is flourishing and Pakistanis are having the desire to have peace in the country. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Political Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor,Department of Political Sciences,Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/A-Historical-Review-of-Governance-in-Pakistan-1947-2012 https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).34 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Teachers and Education Managers Perceptions and Practices Regarding National Professional Standards for Teachers: A Multiple Case Study Fasiha Altaf Muhammad Saeed NPST Teachers Head Teachers Secondary level Multiple Case-Study Quality education is the birthright of every individual and this can only be possible when our teachers are adequately aware of and equipped with the National Professional Standards for Teachers. The current qualitative multiple case study explores this phenomenon by using purposive sampling technique with four cases (from rural and urban districts) alongwith eight teachers from each compulsory subject i.e. (English, Urdu, Islamiat and Pakistan Studies) as well as the EDOs and CEOs of both districts. All research requisites were duly fulfilled such as improvement and validation of instrument; triangulation of data etc. The results revealed that some teachers practiced those standards unknowingly while others knew a little but were curious to get themselves professionally improved. This study recommends that there is a dire need for raising awareness among teachers and education managers. The government should enhance the quality of education through teacher appraisal and evaluation. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor,Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Teachers-and-Education-Managers-Perceptions-and-Practices-Regarding-National-Professional-Standards-for-Teachers-A-Multiple-Case-Study https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).35 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Impact of Merger and Acquisition Firms on Stock Market Bubble Waleed Khalid Kashif Ur Rehman Muhammad Kashif History of Bubble; Stock Market Bubble Firms Valuation Earnings Management; Merger & Acquisition. In this research, we have endeavored to ascertain how the Merger & Acquisition firms effect the Pakistani stock market (PSX) during all stages of bubble periods. The regression results of “transaction multiples” and “inverse transaction multiples” show that the trading of the securities of Merger & Acquisition firms has increased in all stages of bubble periods less crash period where they decreased. The regression results have also revealed that Pakistani investors in the stock market carry a “weak financial knowledge & financial risk distress management” & they prefer market manipulation for discounting & therefore, they are adversely hit market manipulations in the stock exchange while trading securities. Resultantly, managerial incentives, as well as cost of capital of Merger & Acquisition firms, stand increased with the help of relevance of accounting, Earnings manipulation & by exercise Investing Activities. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad, Pakistan. Professor (Vice Chancellor), City University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Head of Department,School of Business and Management,Minhaj University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/The-Impact-of-Merger-and-Acquisition-Firms-on-Stock-Market-Bubble https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).36 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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An Empirical Study of Impediments of Entrepreneurship Failure. A Case Study of District Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. (Thematic Analysis) Muhammad Furqan Ashraf Babak Mahmood Mudassar Mushtaq Entrepreneurship Impediments of Failure Exploratory Case Study Thematic Analysis. This study documents the social impediments to the success of entrepreneurship or self-employment. The failure cases of District Faisalabad, Punjab were the population of research. Exploratory case study method Yin, (2014) was used to furnish whole process. The experiences of failure entrepreneurs were acquired by putting open ended questions via personal interviews and field notes were taken for data saving. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data and to generate important themes. The findings of the study revealed that insufficient prior entrepreneurial experience, multiple business thinking and access to the market, lack of interaction with successful entrepreneurs, lack of proper planning and strategy to start the venture, lack of learning from fear of risk taking behavior after failure in prior business attempt were the themes of research. It was suggested that proper planning and strategy is needed to start the venture; for this purpose training programs must be launched by state. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Sociology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar,National College of Business Administration and Economics (NCBA&E),Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/An-Empirical-Study-of-Impediments-to-Entrepreneurial-Failure-A-Case-Study-of-District-Faisalabad-Punjab-Pakistan-Thematic-Analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).37 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Post-Structuralism in Korean Drama 'Two Week' Zahir Jang Khattak Hira Ali Shehrzad Ameena Khattak Post-Structuralism Deconstruction Unstable Meanings Two Weeks Jacques Derrida. This research aims at the explication of Korean drama “Two Weeks” by applying poststructuralism. The structuralists contend to have characters as patterns, which can be incurred as apt as universal identities. The poststructuralist mode of analysis, deconstruction, dismantles it as unstable, and its meanings as not self-sufficient. The focus is on discrete analysis than on a judgemental critique, confers a valuable amount of subject deconstruction, especially the protagonist Jang Tae San that has receded to the dismantling of binary oppositions by playing a hero of what structure amounts to a criminal record. Derridas deconstruction accedes to those limits that are a pivot to render signification in the chain of signifiers. “Two Weeks” is a signifier of the nature that is conducive to exploring this post-structuralist identity. The study deduces that the incumbent visuals extend not merely to commerce upshot, but it is a deconstruction of the text itself. Humanity Publications Professor, Department of English,Qurtaba University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of English,University of Sarghodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of English,Qurtaba University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Post-Structuralism-in-Korean-Drama-Two-Weeks https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).38 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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An Interpretive Structural Model of Barriers in Implementing Corporate Governance (CG) in Pakistan Abdul Aziz Khan Niazi Tehmina Fiaz Qazi Abdul Basit Barriers Corporate Governance ISM MICMAC Pakistan Shareholders The purpose of this study is to structure a model of relationships among barriers in the implementation of CG in Pakistan. It also points out a key barrier in embarking on the regime of CG. The design of research consists of a literature review, data collection and analyses. Modeling methodology entails ISM coupled with MICMAC. Findings revealed that “lack of investigation about the rights of minority shareholders” is the most critical barrier since this occupies the bottom of the model. Whereas, barriers namely “basic shareholders rights are not often protected, minority shareholders rights are often violated, lack of autonomy on the part of the auditors and rules requiring equity ownership disclosure are not followed” are least critical since they occupy the top of the model. MICMAC analysis revealed that three barriers fall in the independent quadrant, six in the linkage, six independent and two in autonomous. This study is helpful to regulators and corporations to successfully embark on the regime of CG. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Institute of Business and Management,University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Business and Management,University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Academics Head,``Lahore Institute of Science and Technology,Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/An-Interpretive-Structural-Model-of-Barriers-in-Implementing-Corporate-Governance-(CG)-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).39 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Entrepreneurships Role in Enhancing the Productivity and Sustainability of Pakistan Fahmeed Idrees Hamid Hassan Entrepreneurship Development in Pakistan Conceptual Model Emerging Trends Workforce Internationalization International Entrepreneurship This paper explores the emerging trend of entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship globally as well as in Pakistan. It discusses, how entrepreneurship playsa central role in economic progression for developed countries like the United States and how it has the potential to play a pivotal role in the case of a developing country like Pakistan. According to various studies, Pakistan with the 175 million population is the 6th most populated county globally, having 60 percent of its population under the age of 25 years. A well trained, educated and entrepreneurial oriented population can be an asset for a developing economy. Literature has reviewed, discussed and pointed out main issues, difficulties, and opportunities about entrepreneurship in Pakistan; presents a working model of entrepreneurship that can foster entrepreneurship. Therefore, a conceptual framework is developed which further can be tested empirically. This study presents entrepreneurship as a way forward for the national development of Pakistan. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, FAST School of Management,National University of Computer & Emerging Sciences (Lahore Campus), Punjab, Pakistan. Professor,FAST School of Management,National University of Computer & Emerging Sciences (Lahore Campus), Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Entrepreneurships-Role-in-Enhancing-the-Productivity-and-Sustainability-of-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).40 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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A Systematic Review of Role and Responsibilities of Head Teachers at Primary Level in District Shaheed Benazirabad Muhammad Ali Shaikh Mahboob Ali Deraj Zahid Hussain Sahito Role & Responsibilities Headteachers and Primary Schools The purpose of this research study was to review the expected role and responsibilities to be played by headteachers and done in reality at the primary school level in District Shaheed Benazirabad. It has been observed that headteachers in public schools at the primary level are not performing as per the need of the time. For the purpose, a tailor-made questionnaire was distributed among randomly selected headteachers. The quantitative research approach was used to solve the query. The results indicate the lenient approach of headteachers towards their duties. Humanity Publications Professor,Department of Media and Communication Studies, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education,Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Teacher Education,Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/A-Systematic-Review-of-Role-and-Responsibilities-of-Head-Teachers-at-Primary-Level-in-District-Shaheed-Benazirabad https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).41 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Examining the Effect of Institutional Culture in Developing Emotional Intelligence amongst Students of HEIs: An Evidence from Developing Regions Saima Naz Marium Din Allah Bakhsh Malik Institutional Culture Emotional Intelligence University Students Emotional intelligence and institutional culture are considered as crucial factors of effectiveness for any organization. Researchers are keenly and constantly studying these factors for the last three decades. The study of institutional culture continues to gain increasing eminence. Emotional Intelligence helps Institutional leaders to cultivate such an institutional culture that produces organizational effectiveness. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of Institutional Culture on the Emotional Intelligence of HEIs Students. The universities were selected from one of the countries of South Asian developing region i.e. Pakistan. The study sampled 598 respondents from the department of management and social sciences of the HEIs of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The result was obtained using statistical calculations through Pearsons correlation and regression analysis. Therefore, the study found a strong positive relationship between institutional culture and emotional intelligence. The study offers significant recommendations for concerned institutions. Humanity Publications PhD Research Scholar,Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Former Head of Department,Department of Education,National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Examining-the-Effect-of-Institutional-Culture-in-Developing-Emotional-Intelligence-amongst-Students-of-HEIs-An-Evidence-from-Developing-Regions https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).42 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Exploring the Influence of Unemployment on Criminal Behavior in Punjab, Pakistan. Nouman Khaliq Muhammad Shabbir Zahira Batool Unemployment Criminal Behavior Socio-Economic Crime Illiterate The main objective of this research was to investigate the effect of unemployment on criminal behavior. A multistage sampling technique was used for the selection of a sample of 400 respondents who have ever committed a crime. A well-designed and the pre-tested interviewing schedule was used to collect information from the respondents in randomly selected district jails of Punjab, Pakistan. Descriptive analysis shows that majority of the respondents was young and married. Around onefourth of the respondents were illiterate and about the same proportion had primary level education. Two-fifth of the respondents had less than Rs. 20,000 monthly family income. Multivariate analysis revealed that unemployed respondents had 30 percent more chances to commit the crime as compared to the employed respondents. Thus the set hypothesis that unemployment is significantly related to criminal behavior of the respondents is upheld Humanity Publications Phd Scholar, Department of Sociology, GC University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Sociology,GC University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor,Department of Sociology,GC University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Exploring-the-Influence-of-Unemployment-on-Criminal-Behavior-in-Punjab-Pakistan-Nouman-Khaliq https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).43 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Teachers Education Programs in Afghanistan and Pakistan and Prospects of Collaboration between the two Countries Mohammed Dost Safi Teacher Education Pakistan Afghanistan Collaboration This study was focused on the Teachers Education Programs in Afghanistan and Pakistan and Prospects of Collaboration between the Two Countries. It examined the impact of teachers education programs on the efficiency of teachers in Afghanistan and Pakistan. The Heads, Teachers and students were taken as study sample through convenient sampling techniques. The study sample was including 600 trainee students i.e. 300 male and 300 female students, 60 teachers- 30 male and 30 female and 12 heads of institutions. From each institution 50 students, 5 teachers and one head were selected for data collection. The majority of the study population were not satisfied with the training, program, educational policy and plan in both countries. The study further provided, that Afghanistan is lacking Teachers Education Programs like B.Ed., M.Ed. and Higher Degrees Programs. So, to improve the Teaching standard and Teachers Education Program, these programs should be also started in Afghanistan. Humanity Publications Ph.D Scholar, Institute of Education and Research,University of Peshawar, Peshawer, KP, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Teachers-Education-Programs-in-Afghanistan-and-Pakistan-and-Prospects-of-Collaboration-between-the-two-Countries https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).44 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Effect of Rumination and Worry, Test Anxiety, and Academic Procrastination on Academic Achievement of Pakistani University Students Sarfaraz Syed Khan Syed Afzal Shah Habib Elahi Academic Procrastination Rumination and Worry Test Anxiety University Students This study was performed to discover the influence of rumination and worry, test anxiety and procrastination on the educational attainment of the students of the university. The descriptive survey research method was used for conducting the research. The technique of stratified random sampling was used to select 400 students from the 7th and 8th semesters of fall, 2018 from four public sector universities of the Hazara Division. The ruminative responsive scale developed by Treynor, Gonzalez and Nolen-Hoeksema, (2003), Test anxiety developed by Nest and Diehl (1990), and Abu Ghazal (2012) scale of academic procrastination was adopted as data collection instruments. Regression analyses, coefficient of correlation, mean, and standard deviation was applied for the analysis of data. The results of the study found that test anxiety is greater among students of the university. It was established that rumination and worry, academic procrastination and test anxiety has a significant positive relationship among each other. Further, it was indicated that test anxiety and academic procrastination has significant impact on educational attainment. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar,Department of Education,The University of Haripur, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, The University of Haripur, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Effect-of-Rumination-and-Worry-Test-Anxiety-and-Academic-Procrastination-on-Academic-Achievement-of-Pakistani-University-Students https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).45 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Assessing the Improvement in Descriptive Writing Skills with Communicative Teaching in Pakistan Muhammad Samiullah Farid Ullah Khan Aftab Ahmad Grammar Translation Method (GTM) English Language Teaching (ELT) Communicative Language Teaching Descriptive Writing. The key objective of the research was to find the effect of communicative language teaching (CLT) on descriptive writing skills among 9th graders. Relevant literature revealed that descriptive writing skills can be enhanced with the help of communicative teaching. The Quasi experimental design was used. To conduct the experiment, six classes from two schools were selected conveniently. for gathering data to achieve the intended objective. Communicative lessons were intervention material. Results showed that communicative teaching had a significant effect on 9th graders skills of description in terms of writing. The outcome of research tells that CLT is valuable for educationists. Further, it is recommended for teaching of writing any literary genre. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of ECE&ETE,Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education & Psychology,Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Science Education,Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Assessing-the-Improvement-in-Descriptive-Writing-Skills-with-Communicative-Teaching-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).46 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Social Marketing: A Pathway to Reduce the Economic Burden of Noncommunicable Diseases in Pakistan Farooq Ahmad Syed Ali Raza Hamid Muhammad Nawaz Qaisar Social Marketing Group-Centered Approaches Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) SDGs In developing countries like Pakistan, social issues have kept the developmental activities back and persistently aggravated the hardships of common people. This, in turn, undermines to take new initiative and is one of the major impediments to developing an enterprising workforce. This article discusses the importance of marketing to address noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) from a social marketing perspective, NCDs approximately cause four million deaths annually. Pakistan is a signatory of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and promoting good health is the heart of achieving and delivering on 2030 sustainable development agenda. Efforts to reduce obesity so far are not successful despite several measures taken globally. This paper seeks the efficacy of social marketing using group-centered approaches to reduce the economic burden of noncommunicable diseases. The efficacy of group-centered approaches in the context of social marketing was explored to address social and health issues confronted by various countries. Humanity Publications Visiting Faculty,Department of Management Science, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Paksitan. Assistant Professor,Department of Hamdard Institute of Management Sciences,Hamdard University, Islamabad Campus, Pakistan. Independent Scholar 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Social-Marketing-A-Pathway-to-Reduce-the-Economic-Burden-of-Noncommunicable-Diseases-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).47 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Impact of Organizational Culture Attributes on the Employees Performance in Educational Context Irfan Ullah Khan Lubna Shoukat Muhammad Waheed Organizational Culture Attributes Employees' Performance & Higher Education The strong culture is vital in shaping the psychological and social environment based on the assumptions, principles, and values that contributes to “norms and values of the organization”. The organizational culture is the combination of some dynamic attributes that work together in determining the overall culture. This study aims at exploring the effect of organizational culture attributes on the performance of employees to examine which attribute is more effective towards employees’ performance. The data was collected through an adapted questionnaire from faculty member hailing from the southern region of KP, Pakistan. The data was analyzed through the statistical procedures to examine the research hypothesis extracted from the theoretical framework. The results from hypotheses testing show that all the attributes of organizational culture are significant in determining employees’ performance in a higher educational context. In this connection, based on the results and conclusion of the study, some recommendations have been suggested to policymakers and future researchers. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Public Administration, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professors, Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professors, Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/impact-of-organizational-culture-attributes-on-the-employees-performance-in-educational-context https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).48 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Determination of Competence, Discipline, and Culture of Work on Employee Work Achievements Work Satisfaction in District Employees City of Tanjungpinang Nugraha Fitrah Harnugama Chablullah Wibisono Indrayani District Competence Discipline Work Culture Job Satisfaction Job Performance. Subdistrict is a district/city regional apparatus as well as general government administrators to streamline the implementation of regional government and optimize public services as regional apparatuses that deal directly with the community. To carry out the Main Tasks and Functions of the Districts, competent human resources are needed in carrying out the tasks of achieving organizational work performance goals. For this reason, the researcher examines the relationship between these factors, with sub-districts in Tanjung pinang City as the place of research. Researchers used processed data using SEM with AMOS v.24 software, with 104 respondents. Squared Multiple Correlation whose value is respectively for Work Performance = 71.8%. Thus, it can be stated that Work Performance changes are influenced by Competence, Discipline, Work Culture, and Job Satisfaction of 71.8%. For job satisfaction R2 = 17.6%. Thus, it can be stated that changes in job satisfaction are influenced by Competence, Discipline. Humanity Publications Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Economics, Batam University, Riau Islands, Indonesia. Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Economics, Batam University, Riau Islands, Indonesia. Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Economics, Batam University, Riau Islands, Indonesia. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Determination-of-Competence-Discipline-and-Culture-of-Work-on-Employee-Work-Achievements-Work-Satisfaction-in-District-Employees-City-of-Tanjungpinang https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).49 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Position of Afghan Refugees under Various Agreements and Constitution of Pakistan: An Analysis Muhammad Zubair Suhail Shahzad Muhammad Aqeel Khan Protection Registration Repatriation Legislation Safeguards Screening This article explores the legal position of Afghan refugees in Pakistan (as it has no refugee related legislation at national level nor a signatory to refugee related instruments at international level) in the light of . various agreements which it has concluded with the UNHCR and the Afghan government along with the various protections available under the 1973 Constitution. A total of eight agreements which started with the first one in 1988 have been concluded among the Government of Pakistan (GOP), the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the Government of Afghanistan (GOA) under which various rights have been extended to them apart from their refugee status recognition. The Constitution of Pakistan also affords them certain fundamental rights irrespective of their status as they are currently living in Pakistan’s territorial jurisdiction, which enables them to claim those rights. Their life and liberty is as protected as any other citizen of Pakistan. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of Law, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Professor, Law College, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Law, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-position-of-afghan-refugees-under-various-agreements-and-constitution-of-pakistan-an-analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).50 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Impact of Corporal Punishment on the Students Drop Out at Primary Level Muhammad Nisar Ul Haq Obaid Ullah Muhammad Nisar Corporal Punishment Drop Out Primary Level The research is focused on students, covering aspects of social, cultural, educational, psychological, political and legal, and medical effects of corporal punishment implications. The research main goal was to find out the impact of corporal punishment on the primary dropout point of the students. The research population included all of the primary schools of Gilgit Baltistan. The average sample size of the students was 100. The study participants were interviewed by questionnaire and interview scheduled for students, teachers and parents. The data were analyzed by calculating the frequency and percentage, respectively. Corporal punishment was found as an obstacle for the development of a healthy teacher-student relationship: it affects student character, increases dropout rate, hinder the learning environment, create frustration for teachers, decrease interest in research and encourage students to do so. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Development, Karakoram International University, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Education, NUML, Islamabad, Pakistan. Principal, Model High School, Shakardarra, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/impact-of-corporal-punishment-on-the-students-drop-out-at-primary-level https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).51 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Use of Advertising Appeals and Women Delineation in Breast Cancer Related Web Advertisements: A Semiotic Analysis of Western and Eastern Advertising Moneeba Iftikhar Tahir Mahmood Afya Asad Web Based Advertisements Breast Cancer Advertising Appeals Semiotic Analysis This study explores the use of various advertisements and representation of women role in web-based Breast Cancer related advertisements that appeared online, were observed on Google images for three months on weekly basis. Systematic sampling technique was used to gather the sample for the analysis. Signs and symbols are involved in creating the meanings and advertising creates to use of these signs to convey the desired intended messages. This study used semiotics as a method for analyzing various appeals and depiction of females in these breast cancer related web advertisements (BCAds). This research serves as a reagent by building a knowledge base and raising awareness regarding breast cancer related advertisements to develop a persuasive message in order to influence the female in the detection of cancer. This study will be significant for policy makers and health communicators in developing effective public services messages to understand the power of signs and symbols. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Mass Communication, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Communication Studies, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. MS Scholar, Department of Mass Communication, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-use-of-advertising-appeals-and-women-delineation-in-breast-cancer-related-web-advertisements-a-semiotic-analysis-of-western-and-eastern-advertising https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).52 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Comparative Study of Politeness in Pashto and English Languages Mian Shah Bacha Rabia Rustum Politeness Negative Politeness Positive Politeness Pashto Language Role Plays This research study aims at finding out the expressions of politeness in the Pashto Language. The data were collected from the respondents of the Pashto Language through a questionnaire of the open role-play situations of requesting and apologizing. The questionnaire was adopted from Reiter`s Study (2000), and it was also translated into the Pashto language. House and Kasper`s (1989) Analytical framework and coding scheme were applied for the analysis of the data of both the languages. The results show that politeness exists both in the Pashto language and British English, but the respondents of British English have shown more consideration towards negative politeness than the respondents of the Pashto Language. The British respondents have also shown a need to spare the hearer`s (addressee`s) face. Even, in British English, a need to respect the addressee`s negative face was also shown, corresponding to his/her distance, degree of individuation and other considerations. Humanity Publications Head, Department of English, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir Upper, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, KP, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-comparative-study-of-politeness-in-pashto-and-english-languages https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).53 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Impact of Dividend Policy on Stock Price Volatility in Pakistan Ziaullah Shah Shehzad Khan Muhammad Faizan Malik Dividend Policy Stock Price Volatility Pakistan The objective of this study is to inspect dividend policy influence on volatility of share prices. For investigation seven Non-financial segment/sectors have been selected. A sample of 137 firms who paid four dividend payments listed at PSX is analysed for the period of 2007-2017.Proxy for policy of dividend are earning per share, Payout ratio, dividend yield, while assets growth and firm size are taken as control variables. OLS regression model has been initially applied on panel data. The outcomes of fixed effect model are focused. Overall outcomes of the study confirmed that prices of stock is significantly influenced by policy of dividend and reject dividend irrelevance theory. Humanity Publications MS Management Sciences, Institute of Business Studies and Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Business Studies and Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Business Studies and Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-impact-of-dividend-policy-on-stock-price-volatility-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).54 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Subjectification of Women through Patriarchal Ideology in the Subcontinent: An Analysis of Manto's Khol Do Amara Khan Syed Attia Bibi Amna Aziz Power Gender Subjectification Patriarchy Governmentality Modern discourse on gender is dictated by the patriarchal ideology. In this new micro-system of power, women are overpowered and subjectified in the hands of men. The patriarchal society of the subcontinent, as depicted by Manto, clearly defines the way oppression of women occurs in the hands of the suppressing ideology. Deploying Foucault's notions of power and knowledge, this study aims to investigate the ways in which women are subjugated to subjectification under the patriarchal setup in the subcontinent prior to the partition. This paper highlights how women's bodies are commodified in an unremitted fashion in the subcontinent and how their bodies' time, place and movement are directed by the "micro-physical" power. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Visiting Lecturer, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/subjectification-of-women-through-patriarchal-ideology-in-the-subcontinent-an-analysis-of-mantos-khol-do https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).55 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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A Comparative Study of Effectiveness of Pakistani and Foreign Short Stories in Teaching Reading Skills to Pakistani Advanced EFL Students Tahira Malik Ubaidullah Khan Shamim Ara Shams Pakistani Foreign Short Stories Education EFL Reading is a critical language skill that is likely to develop better in nonnative learners if they are provided text related to their own culture rather than the native or foreign culture. This study aimed to explore the influence of Pakistani short stories on the reading comprehension of Pakistani EFL learners of advanced level. A group of students of Advanced Diploma was taught reading skills with the help of three foreign and three Pakistani English short stories. They were administered tests on the basis of respective stories to study the difference in the development of reading comprehension. The result revealed a massive difference as the learners performed markedly better in the exercises based on the Pakistani short stories. Humanity Publications Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English Language & Applied Linguistics, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Karakoram International University, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/a-comparative-study-of-effectiveness-of-pakistani-and-foreign-short-stories-in-teaching-reading-skills-to-pakistani-advanced-efl-students https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).56 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Regional Dynamics and Russian Security Strategy in South Asia: A Comparative Analysis of Pakistan and India Muhammad Imran Ghulam Mustafa Gulam Muhammad Nagra Indo-Pak Competition Multipolarity Regional Dynamics of South Asia Security Strategy of Russia The Policy of Russia towards South Asia has recently become the subject of numerous speculations. As ties between Russia and China, it is apparent that Russia is gradually getting rid of the India-centric policy in South Asia. Moreover, its behavior towards Pakistan is also changing at regional and international levels. This study critically analyzed the transformations in the Russian strategy about South Asia owing to changed scenario of international power structure. The regional dynamic of South Asia has been discussed to comprehend the transformations in Russian strategy towards South Asia and particularly India and Pakistan. It is argued that the security interests have promoted Russia to change its policies by balancing the power equation with USA by cooperating with China and Pakistan. It was also found that, though Russia-India relations lack the passion of past but still a valuable driver of Russian behavior in South Asia. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Political Science and International Relations,Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Regional-Dynamics-and-Russian-Security-Strategy-in-South-Asia-A-Comparative-Analysis-of-Pakistan-and-India https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Role of Pakistani Media in Educating the Masses: Analyzing Need for National Media Policy Babar Hussain Shah Saqib Riaz Mudassir Mukhtar Mass Media National Media Policy Education Mass media is considered as one of the most important means of communication. There are certain agencies of education like home, family, and society which play important role in educating masses. Along with these agencies, media has an important role to educate the masses as it has ability to influence the masses. This research analyzes the media landscape in Pakistan and its role in educating the masses. An in-depth analysis of media in Pakistan elaborates that media in Pakistan is not playing a vibrant and effective role to educate due to vested interests of media conglomerates. Both private and state-owned media require a complete revamp and revisit.The need is felt is to design contents keeping in social and psychological needs of the people. It was suggested that while formulating national media policy all stakeholders- government, private media, consumers and intellectuals, and academia should be consulted. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Mass Communication,Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor,Department of Mass Communication,Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Mass Communication,National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Role-of-Pakistani-Media-in-Educating-the-Masses-Analyzing-Need-for-National-Media-Policy https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Construction of Advertisements in Pakistan: How far Television Commercials Conform to Social Values and Professional Code of Conduct? Bakht Rawan Nazia Bibi Product advertisements PEMRA code of conduct axiolog The present study examines that how far television content especially televised advertisements in Pakistan are conforming to the professional code of conduct, and social values of the society. For this purpose, the researchers selected TV commercials being telecast during prime time dramas and examined them through content analysis against the code of conduct formulated by Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA). The researchers focused on existence/non-existence of deception, obscenity, and stereotyping in the advertisements. They also explored that whether the level of existence of deception, obscenity and stereotyping varies from product to product and channel to channel or remains intact across the board. It was found that most of the advertisements were deceptive but a few. The element of obscenity (dress and gestures/postures) existed in all the analyzed advertisements. And as compared to ethnic stereotyping gender stereotyping was prevailing more in the chosen advertisements. The results indicate that Pakistani media are transgressing the cultural values and PEMRAs code of conduct. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Mass Communication, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer,Arts & Media,Foundation University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Construction-of-Advertisements-in-Pakistan-How-far-Television-Commercials-Conform-to-Social-Values-and-Professional-Code-of-Conduct https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Closing the Gap: A Comparison of Journalism Education between Pakistan and the United States of America Amir Ilyas Journalism Education Pakistan America. The current study is done with the objective to compare the professional values and competencies of journalism education in the USA and Pakistan. Elite interviews and content analysis were done to compare the curriculum standards defined by Accrediting Council on Education of Journalism and Mass Communication (ACEJMC) and the objectives defined in the Higher Education Commission (HEC) curriculum on mass communication. The finding of the elite interviews that were conducted from academicians and professionals from the USA and Pakistan showed that the gap between the professional values and competencies were minimal. Similarly, the findings of content analysis revealed that there are a lot of similarities in the professional values and competencies of journalism in both countries. Moreover, around half of the recommended books in the Pakistani curriculum was written by American authors. In interviews, the head of HEC curriculum committee clearly informed that they were following the American model. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Institute of Communication Studies, University of the Punjab, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Closing-the-Gap-A-Comparison-of-Journalism-Education-between-Pakistan-and-the-United-States-of-America https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Pakistan-China Iron Brothers: A New Horizon of Inter State Relations Waseem Ishaque Jawad Shah Zahir Shah All Weather Friends Iron Brothers From Pakistan's perspective, the relationship with China is one of the core national interests, which has endured the test of times and is growing stronger every day. Since establishment of diplomatic relations in 1951, both countries have enjoyed respect, support and mutual trust. We are truly good neighbors, trusted partners, close friends and dear brothers. President Hu Jintao, described the relations as "higher than the Himalayas, deeper than the Indian Ocean and sweeter than honey" (Hu Jintao, 2006). Similar sentiments have been reciprocated by every segment of Pakistani society as China has a special place in the heart of Pakistani society and obvious foreign policy orientation. The existing level of bilateral relations has touched new heights and the two nation states are referred as Iron Brothers. This articles therefore, sketches evolution of bilateral relations from historical to contemporary times and suggests measures for furthering bonds of existing friendship. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of International Relations, National Defense University, Islamabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Director Research,Institute for Strategic Studies,Research & Analysis (ISSRA), National Defense University, Islamabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Pakistan-China-Iron-Brothers-A-New-Horizon-of-Inter-State-Relations https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Factors Responsible for Promoting Religious Extremism in Pakistan: A Case of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Surat Khan Religious Extremism Pashtun Taliban Religious extremism is related to religion and sensation and has become a global issue, but since long, Pakistan has been considered among those countries that have been the Centre of it. Pakistan has been considered by the world community, as the cause as well as the victim of terrorism and extremism. It is a complicated phenomenon and needs exploring all the social, religious, economic, political and sectarian factors behind it. There are different reasons, causes, sources and factors of extremism and terrorism in the region in general and in Pakistan in particular. Explanation of all these factors is primarily important for understanding this evil in Pakistan and the region. The researcher has tried to find briefly those factors that promoted religious extremism in the society in Pakistan in generally and Pashtun community specifically. The researcher has tried to find out a solution to these factors to combat it in the future. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Political Science, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Factors-Responsible-for-Promoting-Religious-Extremism-in-Pakistan-A-Case-of-Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Major Powers' Interest in Afghanistan and the Impact on Pakistan Ghulam Muhammad Nagra Ghulam Mustafa Muhammad Imran Turmoil Vulnerability 9/11 Sanctuaries Interests Over the last four decades, the Afghan crisis has become a source of unease and turmoil in the region. It remained the cornerstone of the interests of regional as well as global powers. Moscow's mistake to intervene in Afghanistan revealed its unassailable vulnerability. After the disintegration of Soviet Union Kabul has again become the center of attention of 9/11 terror attacks and importance of US policy in the region. The United States' consistent set of interests and concerns in Afghanistan are in flux as well and many sanctuaries are deemed to be found in Pakistan from where militants can target US and its allies. Pakistan remained locked in the Afghan conflict and faced a threat of extremism and militancy in various forms. Further complicating the situation is what can only be described as rivalry among the regional powers particularly India, Iran, and Pakistan as they pursue their competing interests. The paper examines the concerns and interests of major powers in continuing conflict in Afghanistan. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Political Science & International Relations,Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science & International Relations, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Political Science & International Relations, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/major-powers-interest-in-afghanistan-and-the-impact-on-pakistan- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Social Taboos in Pakistani Prime Time Urdu Dramas Farrukh Nazir Arshad Ali Muhammad Farooq ARY TV Drama Electronic Media Prime Time Social Taboo The occurrence of social taboos and their frequencies on Pakistani television dramas was the core objective behind the conduction of this research work. The ultimate purpose was to find out the possible types of social taboos, frequently exposed social taboo, occurrence per drama and comparison of social taboos in these dramas. The analysis was carried out by using purposive sampling technique. The results showed that there were nine types of social taboos i.e. obscene language, nudity, disrespectful attitude, violence, drug abuse, racism, divorce, extra-material relation and abortion in Pakistani primetime Urdu dramas. The finding of the study demonstrated that obscene language was exposed more than the other social taboos, whereas the drama serial Sabaz Qadam was found having more social taboos as compare to other dramas. The occurrence of frequency of these social taboos was recorded as well. Drama Qissa Chaar Darvesh was highest in occurrence of disrespectful attitude and nudity. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Center for Media and Communication Studies, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Center for Media and Communication Studies, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar,Center for Media and Communication Studies,University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Social-Taboos-in-Pakistani-Prime-Time-Urdu-Dramas https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Labovian Model and Analysis of The Bully as Representation of the USA Liaqat Iqbal Irfan Ullah Farooq Shah Written text discourse analysis story Labov model While applying Labov's model this study finds out the macro and micro features of the written text, i.e., The Bully by Roger Dean Kiser, an American fiction writer. Labov's model of narrative analysis has proven efficacy primarily in the exploration of the macro features. However, for the analysis of microfeatures, other elements of discourse analysis such as cohesive ties, discourse markers, substitutions, ellipses, contractions, exchanges, inversions, and some other attributes were used to explore the representative aspects of the writer's work. Macro analysis revealed that most of the different levels of Labov model, i.e., abstract, orientation, complicating actions, resolution, and evaluation were found in the story. Coda, which is the optional part of any story, remained absent. The findings establish that most stories adhere to the formulation identified by Labov. The analysis provides enough clues to establish the work as a typical way of American narration. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of English,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of English,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer,IBMS,Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Labovian-Model-and-Analysis-of-The-Bully-as-Representation-of-the-USA https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Impact of Personality traits on Workplace Deviance - A Pakistani Perspective Tariq Iqbal Khan Shiraz Khan Mubashar Hassan Zia Mass Media National Media Policy Education This research-based study investigated empirically the impact of agreeableness personality traits to workplace deviant behavior in employees working in different organizations. We collected data through cross-sectional method from 290 employees who can read and understand English. Previous studies conducted related to these constructs confirmed that questionnaires in English language are appropriate for data collection. Correlation and regression analysis were used to analyze the data because it fulfills the purpose related to this research. The study found that agreeable personality trait is negatively related to workplace deviance or employees with agreeableness personality trait remain focused on their job in organization. Or employees who are low in agreeableness trait are likely to exhibit deviant work behavior at work-setting. The study suggested that organizations should consider personality traits while hiring new employees. This practice will reduce workplace deviant behavior in the work setting of organizations. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, University of Haripur, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Management Sciences,University of Haripur, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer,Faculty of Management Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/impact-of-personality-traits-on-workplace-deviance-a-pakistani-perspective- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Issues of E-Banking in Pakistan: Managers' Perceptions about E-Banking Issues Abdul Zahid Khan Hafiz Ghufran Ali Khan Muhammad Jam e Kausar Ali Asghar E-banking Online Banking Pakistan Issues of E-Banking The banking industry is shifting from old traditional banking systems to virtual banking around the world. As it is moving towards online, the issues related to it are also increasing. Most common issues faced by e-banking around the globe are security, fraud, customer awareness, trust, risk, privacy, phishing attacks and government laws. The objective of this study is to highlight the issues faced by e-banking in developing countries like Pakistan. For this purpose, five national banks were selected. Interviews and discussions with the senior managers were conducted and transcribed. The critical issues identified were mostly related to security, regulatory and reversal of wrong transaction. Lack of awareness and knowledge about technical systems are also found as the major concerns of the senior management of these banks. The findings of this research will help the senior management to successfully develop proactive strategies for e-banking in Pakistan. Humanity Publications Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Technology Management,International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences,International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, University of South Asia, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/issues-of-ebanking-in-pakistan-managers-perceptions-about-ebanking-issues- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Dystopian View of Postmodern Culture and Corporate Hegemony in Max Barry's Jennifer Government Muhammad Mahmood Ahmad Shaheen Sohail Ahmad Saeed Postmodern Culture Commodification Corporate Hegemony Consumerism Social Values Dystopia Social Disintegration This paper offers a dystopian view of postmodern culture and corporate hegemony to foreground the effects of late capitalism on human and society. The paper interprets Max Barrys Jennifer Government in the light of Frederic Jameson and Tom Moylans theories of postmodern culture and dystopia, respectively. For Jameson, postmodern culture is characterized by commodification of society, general depthlessness, simulacrum, and death of subjectivity. Similarly, Moylan considers dystopia an index of the systemic ills of late capitalism. The corporate hegemony enacts a socioeconomic hegemonic enclosure and deprives humans of social and individual identity. Barrys novel presents a dystopic view of postmodern culture by foregrounding the commodification of society, corporate hegemony, and intensification of economic growth at the cost of social values, which prompt general depthlessness and social disintegration. The present study offers an explicit understanding of the ills of late capitalism by emphasizing the lived experience of social reality. Humanity Publications Assistant professor, Department of English, Government Sadiq Egerton College Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant professor,Department of English,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/a-dystopian-view-of-postmodern-culture-and-corporate-hegemony-in-max-barrys-jennifer-government- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Impact of Authentic Learning on the Satisfaction, Knowledge and Skills of Distance Learners in Context-Aware Ubiquitous Learning Environment Zubia Noreen Muhammad Ajmal Arshad Awan Activity based Learning Authentic Learning Electronic Learning Ubiquitous Learning. This study was aimed to measure the impact of authentic learning on the satisfaction, knowledge and skills of the learners in context-aware ubiquitous learning environment. For this purpose an E-module based on authentic learning activities was developed. This was a single group pre-survey and post survey experimental study. All the students of M.Phil. DNFCE at AIOU in semester spring 2016 were taken as sample. The data was collected through questionnaires based on five point Likert scale. The descriptive statistical analysis (mean and Standard deviation) found suitable for the study and Pair T-test was used to compare the opinions of the learners of experimental group before and after the experiment. It is suggested that the activities based on authentic learning enhance students satisfaction, knowledge and skills so it may be practiced at the higher education level for better results and the students of AIOU may be prepared for 21st century in digital era. Humanity Publications Ph.D Scholar,Department of Distance and Non-Formal Education,Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Distance and Non-Formal Education,Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Impact-of-Authentic-Learning-on-the-Satisfaction-Knowledge-and-Skills-of-Distance-Learners-in-Context-Aware-Ubiquitous-Learning-Environment https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Corporate Frauds, Information Asymmetry and Stock Market Reaction Sohail Rizwan Corporate Frauds Corporate Governance Concentrated Ownership Credible Financial Reporting Investors' Trust Agency Costs Corporate financial frauds have shaken the investors' trust in the credibility of financial reports. Given the significance of the association between the quality of governance structure and reliability of financial reporting mechanism, the study evaluates this relation to evidence whether firms accused of financial misconduct improve their credibility. Applying a sample of 63 firms involved in violations of Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP) rules, the study affirms a positive relation between fraud disclosure and successive improvements in governance structure. The study further notices a positive relation between the buy-and-hold abnormal returns and the intensity of increase in outside director percentage after three years of fraud detection. These empirical assertions extend the understanding of the aftereffects of manipulating financial reports. They would be handful to the regulators debating corporate governance rules, to the management when crafting policies to reinstate investors' trust after fraud revelation, and to the investors while deciding on future investments in these securities. Humanity Publications PhD Candidate, Department of Management and Social Sciences, Capital University of Science & Technology, Islamabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Corporate-Frauds-Information-Asymmetry-and-Stock-Market-Reaction https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Impact of New-Genre Leadership Style Training on Leadership Skills of School Leaders Neelam Nisar Uzma Quraishi Afifa Khanam Educational Leadership New-Genre Leadership Educational Leadership Development Educational Leadership in Pakistan This research determined the impact of New-Genre leadership style training on leadership skills of school leaders working in public and private schools. The rational of this training was developed on the basis of related literature and training need analysis. A short-course was developed focusing the deficient areas and offered to 120 participants, randomly sampled to participate in this training. With addition of sub-grouping and a follow-up study, one-group pre-test post-test design was adapted in this quasi-experimental research using quantitative methods. For statistical analysis, mean, standard deviation, percentages and paired sample t-test were applied. According to findings, the New-Genre Leadership Style Training has enhanced the leadership skills of school leaders. The five representative styles: Transformational, Transactional, Authentic, Leader-member Exchange and Global were found highly applicable and effective in educational leadership development. Such professional development courses have been endorsed by the participants for promoting quality education through quality leadership in Pakistan. Humanity Publications Student,Department of Education, Lahore College for Women University,Punjab, Pakistan. Vice-ChancellorDepartment of Education,Women University, Multan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education,Lahore College for Women University, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/The-Impact-of-New-Genre-Leadership-Style-Training-on-Leadership-Skills-of-School-Leaders https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Coalescence of Form and Content in Ali's English Ghazal: The Trauma of Kashmir in The Country without a Post Office Sabir Hussain Pinkish Zahra Ghulam Murtaza Urdu ghazal English ghazal Chaos Trauma Kashmir Literary stylistics This paper investigates the enunciation of meaning in the coalescence of form and content in the ghazals of Agha Shahid Ali. In the last decade of the twentieth-century escalation of political and civil clashes handicapped the social system in Kashmir; all the government institutions remained closed for months. Post offices were one of those institutions which remained shut and the letters piled on without finding reaching their addressees. In this backdrop Ali wrote the collection, The Country Without a Post Office, where Ali mourns the state oppression. This research explores through literary stylistics the chaos and trauma inextricably interwoven in the form-content synchronization in the English ghazals of this collection. The form and content of these ghazals have aptly enunciated the trauma of Kashmir. Although ghazals to-date have been sung to mourn the unrequited love and separation of lover yet Ali has given this a novel thematic dimension by incorporating the blood and shreds, cannons and sticks, and nostalgia and dreams. Humanity Publications Visiting Lecturer, Department of English Literature, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Visiting Lecturer, Department of English Literature, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor,Department of English Literature, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/coalescence-of-form-and-content-in-alis-english-ghazal-the-trauma-of-kashmir-in-the-country-without-a-post-office- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Students Organizations and Group Socialization: An Analysis of Islami Jamiat Talba in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Wajid Mehmood Sajjad Hussain Imraz Muhammad Jamaat-i-Islami Islami Jamiat Talba Political Socialization Group Socialization Student Organizations Islami Jamiat Talba has been playing a key role in socializing students across Pakistan. Initially envisioned as (missionary) organization, it however, involved more in campus politics. In the framework of "Group socialization theory" this paper focuses on the systematic training and socialization procedure of IJT affiliated students. It primarily tries to investigate how IJT, as a distinct group, socialize students and make them part of the group? Data was collected through interviews in three different universities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The paper argues that, the social interaction of the students and their acquiring of new values and habits from their friends have enormous impacts on their personalities. The socialized members have uniform politico-social values and understanding of political events and issues. IJT transmit specific political norms and values to the students, helps in the transmission of a particular culture and thus creates a subculture of their own within the university campuses. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Political Science,FATA University, Darra Adam Khel, TSD Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Visiting Faculty, Department of Political Science, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer,department of Political Science, University of Buner, KP, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Students-Organizations-and-Group-Socialization-An-Analysis-of-Islami-Jamiat-Talba-in-Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Do Internal Working Conditions Affect Morale of Teaching? A Study of Teachers9apos9 Perception Zunaira Fatima Shazia bibi Muhammad Zaigham Qadeer Teachers' Morale Internal Working Conditions Teachers' Perception The study was to investigate teachers morale towards their teaching Profession at the University of Sargodha. The qualitative research design was used for this study. The adopted instrument was used for the research purpose. 39 items were developed by the researcher. Teachers from 24 departments of University of Sargodha were selected as sample of the study by using convenient sampling technique. Ninety (90) teachers out of Two hundred (200) were the total selected sample. Collected data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The results showed that there is significant difference between teachers morale and internal factors. The insignificant difference was found among teachers of different ages and gender, also concluded there was significant difference among masters. M.phil and Ph.D. qualified teachers. The study suggested that another research may be conducted to investigate different external and internal working conditions like environment and family background. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Education, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Education,University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor,Faculty of Education,Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Do-Internal-Working-Conditions-Affect-Morale-of-Teaching-A-Study-of-Teachers-Perception https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Naturalistic Elements in Ahmed Ali's Novel "Twilight in Delhi" Bilal Khan Akbar Ali Salma Hassan Naturalism Naturalistic elements Twilight in Delhi The paper aims at analyzing the novel Twilight in Delhi written by Ahmad Ali in the light of naturalistic elements. Naturalism as literary theory originated in the late 19th century focuses that human actions are controlled and determined by hereditary, fate, environment and other social obligation, thus represents a very grim picture of life. Besides these features, the study has also explored many other features of naturalism in this literary work.by the researcher in the current study through qualitative analysis. The researcher has selected the text which clearly represent such features. The study resulted that the text and themes of the said novel represents many key features of naturalism. Humanity Publications Lecturer,Department of English, FATA University, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English,FATA University, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, FATA University, KP, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Naturalistic-Elements-in-Ahmed-Alis-Novel-Twilight-in-Delhi https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Canonizing Othering and Reassertion of Orientalism in Contemporary Anglophone Young Adult Fiction by American and European Writers of Pakistani Origin Asma Haseeb Qazi Shazia Rose Muhammad Ismail Abbasi Anglophone Exotic stereotype orientalism Young adult fiction. The present paper based on the theoretical underpinning of Graham Huggans The Postcolonial Exotic and Lisa Laus Re-Orientalism: The Perpetration and Development of Orientalism by Oriental explores the archetypal, essentialist and the stereotype representation in contemporary young adult fictions Skunk Girl (2009) by Sheba Karim and Wanting Mor (2010) by Rukhsana Khan, the American/European Pakistani authors. Both Huggan and Lau have traced the intended strategies deployed by the Anglophonic authors particularly those of global critical acclaim, winners of laurels andawards have asserted the notion of othering, whereupon getting the legitimation and license of global merchandising. All emerging genres including young adult fictions by Anglophone writers enthralled by the contemporary trend of global merchandising are treading in the footsteps of their seniors. It is the portrayal of these essentialist tropes in the young adult fictions, primarily by the aforementioned writers that the current paper intends to embark. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of English,National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English,National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of English,Govt. Post Graduate College Boys, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Canonizing-Othering-and-Reassertion-of-Orientalism-in-Contemporary-Anglophone-Young-Adult-Fiction-by-American-and-European-Writers-of-Pakistani-Origin https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).20 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Adaptive Market Hypothesis and Artificial Neural Networks: Evidence from Pakistan Sehrish Kayani Usman Ayub Imran Abbas Jadoon Adaptive Market Hypothesis Efficient Market Hypothesis Artificial Neural Network Rolling Window Analysis The debate covering stock return predictability is now shifted towards the investigation of changing patterns of return predictability as suggested by the adaptive market hypothesis (AMH). The present article inspects the varying return predictability pertaining to the equity market in Pakistan under AMH framework. A nonlinear autoregressive neural network (NARNN) model is employed to investigate the nonlinear dependency of returns over a period of eighteen years. NARNN is a robust and flexible technique that is free from any restrictive assumptions. Under a rolling window framework, the repeating patterns of predictability and unpredictability are observed. This finding confirms the idea of AMH. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Management Sciences, NUML University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Management Sciences,COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Management Sciences,COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Adaptive-Market-Hypothesis-and-Artificial-Neural-Networks:-Evidence-from-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).21 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Teachers Involvement in the Development of Students' Personality Traits in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Saif Ullah Safdar Rehman Ghazi Muhammad Kamran Extraversion Neuroticism Personality Secondary level students. The study aimed to look for the participation and comparison of gender-based teachers involvement in the development of various personality traits of students at secondary school level. To answer the research questions, a sequential explanatory mixed method design was adopted. The Southern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were taken as a source of data. The researcher selected 361 secondary school teachers as a sample through simple random sampling technique. For collection of data Big Five Factors Personality Inventory developed by Buchanan(2001) were adapted. Results of the study revealed that mostly teachers are strongly agree that they have their role in extroversion personality trait development. Significance difference found between male and female teachers involvement as “Extroversion” and “Conscientiousness” while no significance difference found between male and female teachers involvement as “Agreeableness”, “Neuroticism” and “Openness to Experiences”. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Institute of Education and Research,University of Science & Technology, Bannu, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Education and Research,University of Science & Technology, Bannu, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Loralai, Loralai, Balochistan, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/teachers-involvement-in-the-development-of-students-personality-traits-in-khyber-pakhtunkhwa- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).22 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Smart Education with Smart Phones: A Case Study of Bahawalpur Dost Muhammad Khan Iqra Yaqoob Nadeem Akhtar Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) Smart Education Smartphone Cloud Computing (CC) E-Education Distance-Education Virtual-Education Education plays a vital role in the development of every country in this world. Although, it is a fundamental right of every citizen of the country to acquire education and it is also the responsibility of the governments to provide and create such opportunities to obtain an education. But unfortunately, the governments of developing countries are failed to deliver a strong policy on “education for all”, due to their financial constraints and lack of infrastructural planning. In order to address this issue, Smartphones are used to spread education in these areas. In this research paper, we propose a solution based on the application of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) such as Smartphone which provides an opportunity to spread education sitting at distinct places where it is even difficult to establish a school. Moreover, a comparison is drawn between the traditional and the proposed model. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Computer Sciences and I.T,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Visiting Lecturer,Department of Computer Sciences and I.T, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Computer Sciences and I.T,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Smart-Education-with-Smart-Phones-A-Case-Study-of-Bahawalpur https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).23 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Understanding Pakistani Science Students' Memorization Cognitive Processing Strategies in the Context of Their Culture, Socio-Economic Class and Education System Rafaquat Ali Abid Shahzad Syed Zubair Haidar Cognitive processing strategies memorization rehearsal social class reproduction Applied thematic analysis. Students use cognitive processing strategies (CPS) to learn from learning content. Each kind of CPS leads to specific kind of learning outcomes. The CPS may be broadly grouped into rehearsal, organization and elaboration. The culture, teaching learning situations and students conceptions limit choices to use different CPS. Because of contextual nature of students CPS, qualitative approaches appeared advantageous to explore students CPS. In this study, focus group interviews were used to discover Pakistani students opinions of their CPS. The public-e school students of Punjab were the population of the study. Purposive sampling was used to select sample to conduct focus group interviews. Students views were analysed by implying applied thematic analysis. Rehearsal in its passive form was the sole CPS recognisable in students views. Different aspects and characteristics of rehearsal behaviour were discussed in the context of Pakistani science students culture, teaching methods, parallel education systems and social class Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Education,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Training,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/understanding-pakistani-science-students-memorization-cognitive-processing-strategies-in-the-context-of-their-culture-socioeconomic-class-and-education-system- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).24 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Deleuze and Guattaris Immanent Plane and Becoming in a Fairy Tale Zainab Akram Faria Saeed Khan Samreen Zaheer Physical philosophical Immanent plane transcendence plane objects transformation The entities exist on dual planes, on the physical or transcendental plane, in forms, and the philosophical or immanent plane that only considered intensity and movement of the objects. The present study is grounded on the notions of Deleuze and Guattari (1987) who considered immanent plane to be affecting and transforming the indulged bodies through process of becoming. The present study, through thematic analysis, investigated a few instances from the character of Alex Bailey, from, The Enchantress Returns (2013). The findings depicted that becoming was a constant process. Additionally, the becoming bodies or objects could be physical, imaginary, psychological or phenomenal. The transformations through becoming were not physical and did not appear on transcendent plane. Moreover, the affected bodies depicted the difference in their thoughts and actions. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of English,Sardar Bahadur Khan Womens University, Pakistan. Professor, Department of English,University of Baluchistan, Quetta, Baluchistan, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of English,NUML, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Deleuze-and-Guattaris-Immanent-Plane-and-Becoming-in-a-Fairy-Tale https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).25 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Ex Post Analysis of Disaster Recovery (Earthquake-2005) in the Red Zones Region of Balakot, Pakistan Amjad Ali Sher Muhammad Malik Mushtaq Ahmad Jan Earthquake-2005 Red Zone Region Disaster Recovery Restoration Rehabilitation Reconstruction The Balakot town and its surroundings were almost totally destroyed by Earthquake – 2005. The government has abandoned this town for residential purposes and declared as Red Zones Region. However, the government fully supported post disaster relief and restoration phases. The rehabilitation and reconstruction phases were carried out through community self-help-based system and partially supported by line agencies. This recovery is neither claimed by government nor desired by the community. It is the product of governments policy, interventions, local economic opportunities, and community self-help-based system. The present study will analyse each step of the recovery through study of the role of different stakeholders and its impacts on recovery process. All data sets are normalized and generalized with regression analysis. This study will generalize the complex process of recovery to reduce the risk of disasters. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Centre for Disaster Preparedness and Management (CDPM),University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor,Centre for Disaster Preparedness and Management (CDPM),University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/ex-post-analysis-of-disaster-recovery-earthquake2005-in-the-red-zones-region-of-balakot-pakistan- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).26 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Testing in English Language Teaching and its Significance in EFL Contexts: A Theoretical Perspective Sayyed Rashid Ali Hussain Ahmad Arshad Ali Khan Assessment EFL context ESL teachers Student proficiency Language tests. This conceptual paper reviews literature on the most common practices of language tests in ELT contexts around the world. The detailed discussion of various types of language tests is followed by its various aims and objectives which are linked to the qualities or characteristics of different language tests. The review of the literature reveals that language tests and its purposes vary from context to context and there is a wide range of practical constraints that test designers, test-takers, and test administrators encounter. Particularly, in the Saudi EFL context, EFL teachers lack a voice in the process of language assessment and there is a serious dearth of professional development training to raise EFL teachers awareness of language tests and develop their assessment literacy. The review of the literature suggests that in various EFL/ESL contexts, more top-notch assessment methods need to be introduced and in the Saudi setting. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Faculty of Languages & Translation, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia. Lecturer,English Language Institute, King Abdul- Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Assistant Professor, Department of Linguistics and Communication,Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Testing-in-English-Language-Teaching-and-its-Significance-in-EFL-Contexts-A-Theoretical-Perspective https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).27 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Survey of Teachers Motivational Level in Government Secondary Schools of District Mardan Sheraz Khan Farah Khan Sadia Naz teachers motivation experience-wise gender-wise motivational level The purpose of the study was to investigate the motivation of secondary school teachers in District Mardan. The sample of 100 teachers from 20 secondary schools of boys and girls in District Mardan were randomly selected for this study. For data collection self-developed, a questionnaire was administered. The questionnaire was consist of thirty-nine items. Items were covered seven constructs of teachers motivation. The findings of the study showed that the motivational level of the teachers was positive. Gender wise differences were found. The study should provide to maintain teachers motivation where the teachers motivation is lacking. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Education,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education and Research,Women University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Education, international Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/A-Survey-of-Teachers-Motivational-Level-in-Government-Secondary-Schools-of-District-Mardan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).28 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Financial Managerial Skills of Head and Accelerated Secondary Schools Performance in District Sahiwal Muhammad Asif Shahzad Najam Ul Kashif Muhammad Qasim Ali Headteachers Managerial skills school performance Financial management is preparing, directing and managing the monetary activities of an institution and it has become necessary for the educational managers to have good financial management skills. The objectives of the study were; 1) To explore the heads financial managerial skills at secondary school level 2) To find out the effect of heads financial managerial skills in accelerating secondary school performance. The study was descriptive in nature. All the heads of secondary schools comprised the population in district Sahiwal. Researchers selected 110 headteachers from secondary schools through a simple random sampling technique. A questionnaire was used as a research tool for the study and researchers visited the respondents personally and the target of 100% data collection successfully achieved. The study concluded that due to heads teachers financial management skills the overall performance of school has been improved including students attendance, teachers attendance, results of different classes and drop out of the students. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Education, the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education,the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar,Department of Education, the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Financial-Managerial-Skills-of-Head-and-Accelerated-Secondary-Schools-Performance-in-District-Sahiwal https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).29 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Effect of the Technology-Supported Learning on the Academic Performance of Secondary School Students Asma Afzal Martin Thomas Technology-Supported Learning Child as a Digital Explorer Teacher as a Digital Immigrant 21st Century Learning Skill A Posttest only Controlled Group Experiment research was used to explore the effect of teaching through the technology-supported environment on learners' performance. Students of Biology group Grade IX, (n = 177), from public schools of Karachi, participated in the experimental research for 20 weeks in the year 2016-17. The technology supported learning was intervened in the experiment group whereas, a conventional teaching was intervened in the controlled group. The annual examination's 2017 result was examined and scores of both experimental and controlled participants were compared by the independent sample t-test. The data analysis showed a noteworthy variance in the scores of controlled and experiment batch. The students studying in a technology-supported Humanity Publications Senior Headmistress,Education and Social Sciences Department,Iqra University, Karachi, Pakistan. Head,Education and Social Sciences Department,Iqra University, Karachi Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Effect-of-the-Technology-Supported-Learning-on-the-Academic-Performance-of-Secondary-School-Students https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).30 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Topical Management: Agenda Setting Strategy in Pakistani Political Talk-Shows Saira Asghar khan Saima Amin Qadir Discourse Analysis Discourse Access Profile Topical management Agenda Setting Pakistani Political talk-shows Topical shifts Recycling of Topics This study analyzes the agenda-setting done by anchors using topical management in the interactional aspect of the institutional speech event; the Political News Interview (henceforth Political talk-show). In the current scenario of 24/7 news, audiences turn to political talk-shows to understand the events of the day and judge the news. The discussion on topics in the political talk-shows is managed and developed by the anchor. This study carries out a discourse analysis of the recorded talk-shows for topical shifts and perspectival shifts to check if the topic is set and controlled by the anchor, by not allowing participants to bring any information to the discussion. The qualitative analysis of topical shifts reveals that the anchor keeps tight control over the topic set in the openings and using the technique of topical management the anchor keeps the agenda set through the development of perspectives and recycling of topics. Humanity Publications Lecturer,Department of English,Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor,Department of English,Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Topical-Management-Agenda-Setting-Strategy-in-Pakistani-Political-Talk-Shows https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).31 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Pakistani Identity and Kamila Shamsies Novels: An Analysis in Stylistics (Thematic Parallelism) Irfan Ullah Liaqat Iqbal Ayaz Ahmad Linguistics Stylistics Parallelism Novels Kamila Shamsie Burnt Shadow This paper explored thematic parallelism in Kamila five of Shamsies novels i.e. Salt and Saffron, Cartography, Broken Verses, Burnt Shadows, and Home Fire. The paper identify here conflicts, depressions, identity fluctuations and a relentless machination of transformations by the powerful and resisting quarters of the region. The repetitive rule of military in Pakistan, the negative fallouts of engagement in Afghanistans resistance against the Soviets, the alienation of Muhajirs, the national and international catastrophe of 9/11 emerge as the strings that reflect the dilemma of the nomadism of modern times. The tyranny of destructive forces is amply reflected in the parallel desolation of places, characters and cultures. Karachi in its violence is parallel to Tokyo and New York. These parallels sublimate each other in conveying the poignancy of uprootedness and loss of identity. The lexical and syntactic parallels identifiable through corpus tools helped in identifying such parallels. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of English,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Pakistani-Identity-and-Kamila-Shamsies-Novels-An-Analysis-in-Stylistics-Thematic-Parallelism https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).32 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Demystifying the Myth of Genderlect through Intertextuality in Global Media Discourse Aisha Rauf Shumaila Mazhar Shabana Akhtar Genderlect Intertextuality Global Media This article outlines a gender-based analysis at the connection of critical discourse analysis and intertextuality, with the aim of providing a rich analyses of the multifaceted mechanisms of power and ideology in discourse in supporting hierarchically gendered social orders. The focus of this research is to identify how gender is socially constructed through linguistic choices (especially intertextuality) and discursive practices in media discourse and how these discursive practices in media discourse contribute to create a feminist perspective. The present article has collected 60 talk shows, panel discussions and interviews from 5 global news channels. A corpus is built and a linguistic analysis is conducted where Faircloughs Intertextuality is used as research Methodology. Moreover, Van Dijks socio-cognitive model is used as research framework in which data is analysed on us versus them dichotomy and at micro and macro level of discourse. It is observed that through the use of intertextuality, dominant ideology is (re)- created in feminist media discourse. Humanity Publications Language Instructor/Assessor, Department of English, North American ESL, Service, Edmonton, Canada. Assistant Professor,Department of English,SBK Women's University, Quetta, Balochishta. Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, SBK Women's University, Quetta, Balochishta. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Demystifying-the-Myth-of-Genderlect-through-Intertextuality-in-Global-Media-Discourse https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).33 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Chaotic Libyan Arab Spring: A comparison with Egypt Mufti Almas Gul Chaotic Tribalism MENA Region Libyan spring occurred due to many reasons which were quite similar in nature with that of the spring struck neighboring countries. Qaddafis family and tribe wealth increased many folds. Human rights abuses were normal patterns. However, Libyan spring didnt end as it did in the neighboring countries. Due to Qaddafis deposition, the power vacuum resulted. This was because of the abhorring of Institutions by Qaddafi himself. The tribal division also resulted in achaotic situation. Large reserves of oil in Libya are also one of the reasons for the never-ending civil strife. Due to high revenue, every group wants to establish hold over the reserves. Libyas rivalry with Israel is also accredited as one of the rationales behind Libyas anarchic situation. Neighboring countries are also playing a big role in the civil war. Libyan revolution resulted in chaos, while the neighboring countries got on the track of somewhat stability and peace. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of International Relations,University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Chaotic-Libyan-Arab-Spring-A-comparison-with-Egypt https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).34 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Expounding the Structure of Slyer Ways of Tunneling in Pakistan Abdul Aziz Khan Niazi Tehmina Fiaz Qazi Abdul Basit Corporate governance ISM MICMAC Pakistan stakeholders tunneling. This study is aimed to expound the structure of slyer ways of tunneling in Pakistan. It also analyzes relationships among these factors. Design of study encompasses on review of contemporary literature, survey for collection of data, analysis, and modeling. Review of literature is used to prepare a list of ways of tunneling, ISM is affianced for modeling contextual relationships, and MICMAC for classification of factors. The results of the literature show that there are sixteen slyer ways of tunneling. The result of ISM reveals that there is an underlying structure having three levels. The third level is occupied by “purchasing un-necessary items” and “exchanging the assets at relatively lesser value” hence are the most critical factors. Findings of MICMAC affirm the result of ISM and pinpoint that the aforementioned factors have high driving power and are key factors. Tunneling is a sensitive topic of corporate governance and conducting research on this topic is worthwhile for all stakeholders. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Institute of Business and Management, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Institute of Business and Management,University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Academics Head,Business Administration, Lahore Institute of Science and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Expounding-the-Structure-of-Slyer-Ways-of-Tunneling-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).35 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Correlation of Test Anxiety and Working Memory: A Survey Study of Secondary School Students Samina Shahab Samina Malik Shamsa Aziz Working Memory Corsi-block Tapping Test Central Executive This study was conducted to find a connection between test anxiety and working memory. All the students of secondary schools of Punjab were taken as population. A total of 504 students were drawn as a sample through stratified random sampling among which 252 were boys and 252 were girls. For data collection; two tests for working memory and a Likert scale for test anxiety were used. It is concluded from the results that there is a significant negative connection exist among test anxiety and working memory. The direction of relation indicates that if test anxiety amplifies it will lower the working memory and vice versa. Based on the findings the study proposed subsequent recommendations: 1) the prevailing system of common education may be more dynamic, motivating and skill-oriented. 2) Rote memorizing of material should be discouraged. 3) The curriculum of the secondary school may be upgraded and industrialized. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education,International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. Dean, Department of Education,International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. Head,Department of Education,International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Correlation-of-Test-Anxiety-and-Working-Memory-A-Survey-Study-of-Secondary-School-Students https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).36 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Breaking Through the Glass Ceiling: Leadership Practices of Women Leaders in Higher Education Asia Zulfqar Syed Nasir Hussain Shehzad Ahmed Transformational Leadership; Women Leaders; Public Universities; Leadership Practices. The study aimed to investigate the proficiency of women academic leaders in public universities, Pakistan. The transformational leadership approach was used to conduct this study. A semi-structured interview protocol was developed to collect data. A convenient sampling technique was applied to collect data from twenty women leaders from the three public universities of Punjab. The interview questions were based on the six-dimensions of transformational leadership. The deductive method was applied to reach conclusions. The results identified that women academic leaders were not that proficient in their transformational leadership practices since four out of six TL-dimensions emerged crucial in all the three public universities. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Early Childhood Education and Elementary Teacher Education, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education,University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Breaking-Through-the-Glass-Ceiling-Leadership-Practices-of-Women-Leaders-in-Higher-Education https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).37 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Role of Radio Pakistan in Advancing Socio-Economic Development of Rural Areas Anila Saleem Wajiha Raza Rizvi Maria Saleem Rural Development Women Change CPEC Economic Conditions This doctoral study examines the role of Radio Pakistan in influencing socio-economic development in Central Punjab through its radio stations situated in Lahore, Faisalabad, and Sargodha by analyzing the policy, content and the format of the programs related to socio-economic development focusing on the social indicators of religion, healthcare, education, culture, and politics as well as economic indicators of agriculture, trade & business, small & medium enterprise, infrastructure, and China Pakistan Economic Corridor during 2008-2013. The research design of this study included the qualitative approach of research. Survey method from radio listeners of Radio Pakistan Lahore, Faisalabad and Sargodha. Although a lot of appreciable work has done by the radio which is the biggest source of information in rural areas but still more work is needed to be done. Through radio Pakistan, it is now easier for women to get an education without making opponents to their parents and strict family heads. Humanity Publications Deputy Controller,Department of Radio Pakistan,Beaconhouse National University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, School of Media and Mass Communication,Beacon House National University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Freelancer, Department of The Business School,University of Central Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Role-of-Radio-Pakistan-in-Advancing-Socio-Economic-Development-of-Rural-Areas https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).38 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Children, Gender and Television: An Analysis of Heavy Viewers Behaviour Regarding Gender-specific Roles and Characteristics Beenish Zaheen Muhammad Ashraf Khan Television Cartoon Programmes Gender-specific Behaviour Heavy Viewers Survey Media is an important force that endeavours to shape the impressionable minds of children. Cartoon animationprogrammes have a great influence on the behaviour of children as they prefer to watch cartoon programmes ratherthan doing any other physical activity. In this context, the current research seeks to explore the behaviour of heavy viewers regardinggender-specific roles and characteristics. The researcher has employed survey method to collect the data and 1528 respondents in theage group 8-13 years have been selected for this research. The findings of study suggest that heavy viewers of cartoon programmeshave a more stereotypical approach regarding gender-specific roles and characteristics. They more significantly assign the roles ofdoing household chores, nurturing children, and the traits of being beautiful, submissive, and failing frequently to female membersof the family as compared to male members. The study provides valuable insight into the impact of cartoon programmes on thecharacteristics and gender roles socialization of heavy viewers. Humanity Publications Lecturer,Department of Mass Communication, The Women University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor,Department of Communication Studies,Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Children-Gender-and-Television-An-Analysis-of-Heavy-Viewers-Behaviour-Regarding-Gender-specific-Roles-and-Characteristics https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).39 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Development of a Teacher Evaluation Model for Private Schools of Punjab Province Mariam Hussain Afifa Khanam Uzma Qureshi IB Teachers Teacher Evaluation Grow Model Professional Development. This research discusses the inquiry of measuring teacher effectiveness at private sector schools. Explicitly, it explores how teachers performance evaluation can both reflect as well as predict teachers success, hence the study informs about teachers personnel decisions, their instructional enhancement, and professional development. This includes mentoring, training, and self-guided learning. The current study is premeditated using a mix-method with qual-quan order. It is an exploratory study based on a critical paradigm to evaluate the current IB teacher evaluation process and outputs and develop an indigenous model for corrective measures to improve the existing evaluation system. It explores the objectives, procedures, and consequences of teacher assessment policies and practices. The study has implications, for greater advantage for the quality of collaborative planning and teaching, using a newly developed model in the private sector of Punjab. Humanity Publications Subject Leader,English Language and Literature,Lahore Grammar School International, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Institute of Education, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor,Institute of Education,Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Development-of-a-Teacher-Evaluation-Model-for-Private-Schools-of-Punjab-Province https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).40 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Political Trust and Efficacy among Educated Youth in Pakistan Akhlaq Ahmad Farhan Navid Yousaf Mazhar Iqbal Bhatti Political Trust Efficacy Political Populism Educated Youth Pakistan Political trust and efficacy are very popular among academics to foresee the legitimacy and the constancy of any political regime. The present research was endeavored to see political trust and efficacy among university students in Pakistan. A sample of 381 students was drawn from two public sector universities of the Islamabad city. The research included all the popular constructs of political trust including trust in army keeping in view its role in politics. The efficacy comprised its two components – the internal and external. Results indicate the positive, significant inter-correlations among most of the constructs of study variables except trust in the legal system and external efficacy. The results denote the significant level of trust and effectiveness of educated youth however, we assume that the populism approach prevails and enthusiasm of youth may also be measured from this approach. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Sociology,International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor,Institute of Social & Cultural Studies,University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Psychology,International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Political-Trust-and-Efficacy-among-Educated-Youth-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).41 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Stem Education: Social, Cultural, and Economic Barriers Faced by Women of Khairpur (Pakistan) Muhammad Ali Shaikh Zahid Hussain Sahito Mahboob Ali Dehraj STEM Education Social/Cultural/Economic Barriers This research finds barriers/challenges/issues which stop women of Khairpur, Sindh not to get themselves enrolled in institutions providing STEM education and ultimately the job opportunities, resultantly that not only affects the economic condition of their families but also that of the country. The universe of this study was the young female students, parents of the students and ladies working in different organizations of Sind province who were also interviewed about the low enrollment of female students in schools. The findings of this study revealed that female have the requisite aptitude for STEM education but social, cultural and conservative ideology of parents/heads of the families created hindrances in the progress of young enthusiastic girls who wish or have the potential of getting STEM education, moreover, such institutes are not available in their nearby area. Humanity Publications Professor,Department of Media and Communication Studies, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Teacher Education,Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education,Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sindh, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Stem-Education:-Social-Cultural-and-Economic-Barriers-Faced-by-Women-of-Khairpur-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).42 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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CPEC's Educational Scope in Pakistan Anita Bilal Akhtar Ali Ahmed Bilal Burki CPEC Education and Human Resource Development Education in Pakistan Educational Scope in CPEC Education and Economic Growth Importance of Education Special Economic Zones (SEZs) China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) appears as a major Prosperity Tool which can help Pakistan to overcome her economic problems. CPEC has been researched up till now in various trade and commerce fields but its most important linkage with education was hardto find. This study examines “The Educational Scope of CPEC in Pakistan”. The study broadens our horizon regarding the fields of education which are required in CPEC. It is a case study in the qualitative paradigm to explore the views of philanthropic elites, teachers, and students using interviews and documents. It reveals the employment opportunities, concept of SEZs, and availability of manpower for these SEZs along with the future of Pakistans education. It is through this education that all educational institutes will be combined to form clusters of educational hubs linked together to foster manpower for Special Economic Zones(SEZs) and all other national projects in the future. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Dean, Faculty of Education,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Lieutenant Colonel (Retd) Pakistan Army,Department of Social Science,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/cpecs-educational-scope-in-pakistan- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).43 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Framing of Panama Leaks: A Content Analysis of Pakistani and Western Press Samira Saleem Syed Abdul Siraj Factors Governance Pakistani Panama Leaks Political-economy Western Press This study investigated the emergence of different factors in the framing of Panama leaks by gathering data along with five thematic frames of financial, morality, blame-game, political victimization, and accountability. Altogether 930 news stories were content analyzed to investigate how the issue of Panama leaks was framed in the media since its inception in April 2016. Furthermore, 22 framing items were selected to measure these frames and a principal component analysis resulted in generating a factor solution by clustering of these framing items into eight distinguishable factors of political-econo, governance, justificationssolutions, socio-political responsibility, implications, apathy, responsiveness, and economic instability. This study revealed differences in the use of these factors both in different newspapers and topics of coverage. The Pakistani press used the factor of governance more whereas the western press used the factor of political-econo more as compared to other factors in the framing of Panama leaks. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Mass Communication,Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Professor,Head Media Studies, Department of Media Studies, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Framing-of-Panama-Leaks:-A-Content-Analysis-of-Pakistani-and-Western-Press https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).44 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Countering Extremism Through Sufi Practices in Sindh Bakhtiar Ahmed Amir Ali Chandio Sufism Sufi Practices Extremism Countering Sindh. This article is an analysis of Sufism and Sufi practices performed at Sufi shrines of Sindh. Moreover, the ways to counter the growing menace of extremism through Sufi practices is discussed in this paper. The approach adopted is from traditional to modern, in understanding the importance of Sufism. Sindh is considered the land of Sufis but unfortunately, it is badly affected by extremism. Although there is a huge number of Sufi shrines in Sindh, the data has been collected and analyzed from the shrines of Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai, Usman Marwandi (Lal Shahbaz Qalander) and Sachal Sarmast, particularly at Urs celebrations. The important Sufi practices include Sufi music, Sufi poetry, Lunger, Urs celebrations etc. The participants in Urs celebrations belong to a variety of groups from upper class to lower and middle class, irrespective of their caste, creed and religion. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Pakistan Studies,Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur Mirs, Sindh, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Political ScienceShah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur Mirs, Sindh, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Countering-Extremism-Through-Sufi-Practices-in-Sindh https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).45 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Benefiting Science Students with Synectics: An SR Approach Muhammad Samiullah Aftab Ahmad Gulzar Ahmed Synectics Meta-analysis teacher training institutes quality education. Students understanding of science education in Pakistan is not up to the standard level. The main aim of the study is to see either comprehension level is raised through Synectics among high school students. A systematic review of related literature and Meta-analysis has been done. Literature leads to conclusion that there is a need to study the utility of Synectics model. Findings show that Synectics is more effective than routine methods in teaching. Synectics help in the development of creativity, training in creativity, and scholastic achievement. It is recommended that teachers and students must be familiar with Synectics and also implement this technique into teacher training institutes for quality education. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Science Education,Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer (Faculty of Education), Department of Science Education,Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Teacher Education,Sheikh Ayaz University of Shikarpur, Sindh, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Benefiting-Science-Students-with-Synectics-An-SR-Approach https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).46 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Knowledge Sharing Accelerates Success of Complex Projects: An Evidence from Pakistan Muryum Jamil Farooq Ahmad Shahida Mariam Project Complexity Knowledge Sharing Behaviour Project Success. We studies project complexity, knowledge sharing behavior, and project on project success in the context of project organizations in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The data were collected from 326 employees working on multiple projects using reliable measures. Project complexity showed negative association with project success. Knowledge sharing pointed out a negative relationship with project complexity and a positive relationship with project success. Regression showed a positive contribution of project complexity and a positive role of knowledge sharing behaviour towards project success. We observed a positive interactive effect of knowledge sharing behaviour and project complexity on project success. Results indicate that complex projects are more likely to fail if knowledge sharing behaviours are not practiced at work. We suggest encouraging employees to share their knowledge and experiences for effective decision making and dealing with difficult situations ensuring the success of complex projects. Humanity Publications Student,Faculty of Management Science,Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Visiting Faculty,Faculty of Management Science,International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Librarian,Business & Commerce,Government Institute of Commerce, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Knowledge-Sharing-Accelerates-Success-of-Complex-Projects-An-Evidence-from-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).47 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Determination of Competence, Training, and Character of Loyalty Through Personnel Professionalism as Intervening Variables in Guskamla Batam-Indonesia Eko Agus Susanto Chablullah Wibisono Indrayani Determination of Competence Training and Character of Loyalty Through Personnel Professionalism Guskamla Batam personnel always improve Personnel Professionalism and its quality, both directly and indirectly, but some problems exist, and solutions must be sought. This study used a saturated sample taken from the Census Technique using proportional random sampling, namely personnel in the Guskamla Batam organizational units. The five staff consisting of 120 personnel, were made into the population, the sample in this study. Data analysis techniques in this study using AMOS. There are two stages to the group in analyzing SEM: (1) Measurement Model Analysis (Outer Model), (2) Structural Model Analysis (Inner Model). For Loyalty (LOY) R2 = 0, 789 then the amount of Determination 78.9%. Thus, it can be stated that Loyalty changes are influenced by Competence, Training, Character, and Personnel Professionalism of 78.9%. thus, the problem of the Character of some personnel to support operations is still not optimal, has been answered. Humanity Publications Department of Economics, Batam University, Riau Islands, Indonesia. Department of Economics, Batam University, Riau Islands, Indonesia. Department of Economics, Batam University, Riau Islands, Indonesia. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/determination-of-competence-training-and-character-of-loyalty-through-personnel-professionalism-as-intervening-variables-in-guskamla-batamindonesia https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).48 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Students' Cognitive Development in Colleges: A Comparative Study of Private and Public Sectors Sonia Rafique Ifitkhar Ahmad Baig Ashiq Hussain Personality development Cognitive Development Private Sector Public Sector Cognition denotes the process of thinking and memory and cognition development is said to be the long-term changes in these procedures. Cognitive development is a major aspect of students' personality. The aims of the study were (1) To compare the perception of male and female students about cognitive development in private and public sector colleges. (2) To investigate which sector is more efficient in doing the cognitive development of students at the intermediate level. The descriptive method was used in this study with survey design on the population of all public and private colleges of Punjab Province. 628 students out of 720 students participated in the research. To check the reliability of research tools, Pilot testing was also conducted. Instruments of students and administrators consisted of Five-point Likert showed the reliability (? =.87), (? =.81) accordingly. Results showed that there is no significant difference in the perception of both genders concerning cognitive development in both sectors. Results of the study also showed Humanity Publications Principal, Department of Education, Punjab College for Woman Pattoki, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Education, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Director, Department of Director Student Counseling Center, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Students-Cognitive-Development-in-Colleges-A-Comparative-Study-of-Private-and-Public-Sectors https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).49 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Listening to the Customers: How Quality Function Deployment (QFD) Addresses the Expectations of People in Various Fields Especially in Education Lubna Shoukat Zafar Iqbal Muhammad Waheed Customers Quality Function Deployment Education Quality Function Deployment is a versatile methodology, which systematically helps, enhancing the quality of products, services, etc., by incorporating the wishes and needs of the customers. It can be applied in almost every field of life, including transport system, library management system, online admission system, examination system, engineering, agricultural, software, and so on. The rationale of this article is to express the versatility of QFD. This broader objective is achieved by describing what QFD is; and how it works. Relevant literature indicates its application integrated with other methodologies. Special focus of this article is how QFD be used to improve various sections of education in Pakistan. The familiarity with QFD will motivate educational practitioners, researchers and many other to apply it in their relevant fields of interest to get improved quality of product or services with less cost and time. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/listening-to-the-customers-how-quality-function-deployment-qfd-addresses-the-expectations-of-people-in-various-fields-especially-in-education https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).50 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Collateral Damage and Radicalization Process: A Case of American Drone Strikes Policy in FATA, Pakistan Ayaz Ali Shah Tila Mohammad Muhammad Saleem Drone strikes collateral damage FATA Afghanistan Radicalization This research is about the drone strikes conducted by the U.S. government in the FATA region of Pakistan from Afghanistan. Though FATA is not a declared war zone, the U.S. still continues to carry out drone attack there for a comparative number advantage of drone technology. This war tactic has been very effective in targeting some high-profile terrorists; it is not without side effects. There is a consensus of opinion that drones have killed numerous civilians in the process of targeting the terrorists. This research tries to develop an understanding of how collateral damage may work to the advantage of non-state actors and terrorist organizations and how it helps fuel the process of radicalization in the aggrieved community. Data is collected through secondary sources. It is a source of radicalization of aggrieved people who resort to revenge the death of their dear ones. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. M.Phil Scholar, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Law, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/collateral-damage-and-radicalization-process-a-case-of-american-drone-strikes-policy-in-fata-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).51 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Issues in the Implementation of E-Governance in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Afzaal Amin Shaukat Muhammad Hayat Khan E-Governance Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Literacy The provincial government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has taken a number of steps in order to develop and establish the concept of E-governance in different departments of the province. There are, however, certain hurdles, such as missing the rudimentary ICT (information and communication technology) substructure and setups. To properly utilize the ICT for the sack of E-governance, it is important to know the use of the different types of technologies. Unfortunately, in Pakistan, IT literacy and knowledge are extremely poor, while financial constraints is another hurdle. However, the newly introduced reforms in E-governance have put various departments on the right track, as obvious from the Identity Verification system, the vehicle verification system and the online FIR system. This paper will help identify all the majors issues that affect the efficiency and credibility of E-governance. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of Political Science, AWKUM, Mardan, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Political Science, AWKUM, Mardan, Pakistan. Mphil in Peace and Conflict Studies University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/issues-in-the-implementation-of-egovernance-in-khyber-pakhtunkhwa-kp- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).52 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Enigma of Medium of Instruction and Cognitive Academic Proficiency of the Learners Nazakat Muhammad Imran Adil Khan Language Medium of Instruction Education Academic Achievement The role of language in education in Pakistan has been a source of contention among educationalists, researchers, and intellectuals. The educational policymakers were unable to decide the proper function of any language in education. As a result, English and Urdu medium of instruction policies in Pakistan have often been tossed out. The current research is the outcome of two sources of inspiration. The first source of inspiration was a federal policy enacted in 2003 regarding the medium of instruction, which mandated that science subjects in government schools be taught in English beginning in grade six. The findings of the study show that the academic capacity of the students is not impeded even if they have local language literacy. The findings reconcile with Cummin's CALP notion, and it is suggested for the policymakers that the native languages of the learners need not be sacrificed for the English language. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government College Havelian KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/enigma-of-medium-of-instruction-and-cognitive-academic-proficiency-of-the-learners https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).54 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Study of English Language Syntactical Errors Committed by Pakistani Higher Secondary Science Students Ambreen Sattar Fareeha Javed Sana Baig English Language Syntactical Errors Pakistan Science Students Education This study aimed to identify syntactical errors, find out the frequency of these errors and identify the causes of these syntactical errors in the writing of intermediate science students. Data was collected in the form of 12 written samples from intermediate students from two public sector colleges. The findings revealed that the most frequently committed error was punctuation error. On the other hand, the lowest committed errors were run-on sentences, object missing, and fragments errors. It was also found that the students committed a total of 232 errors. The syntactical errors identified in the corpus were: subject-verb agreement errors, word form errors, word order errors, object missing, run-on sentences, orthographic errors, fragments, punctuation errors, article errors, preposition errors and conjunction errors. Although both interlanguage and intralanguage influences were found to be causing syntactical errors, intralanguage errors were more prevalent compared to interlanguage errors in participants' writings. Humanity Publications MS Scholar, TESOL Department, Lahore College for Women University, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Lahore College for Women University, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of TESOL, Lahore College for Women University, Pnujab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/a-study-of-english-language-syntactical-errors-committed-by-pakistani-higher-secondary-science-students https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).55 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy and the Influence of English Literature Amara Khan Zainab Akram Irfan Ullah Leo Tolstoy American Literature British Literature Realism Fiction Russian Literature While Tolstoy is regarded as the greatest writer of global literature and his work being translated into all major languages of the world, his literary relationship with the literature in the English language is largely ignored. The paper explores the influence of the Anglophone scholars and literary figures on the formation of Tolstoy as a great pillar of literature. The paper explores the influence of English and American writers by detailing the contents of his personal library, publications and diary entries. H.D. Thoreau, R.W. Emerson, Longfellow, Mark Twain, Walt Whitman, Laurence Stern, Ernest Miller Hemingway, William Shakespeare, and George Bernard Shaw. His moral rectitude, his love for realism and his humanism find a close connection with the mentioned writers, and the paper details this connection. The paper establishes the position that Tolstoy was a person with the greatest creativity and imagination, he was open to the formative influence and in the process forged his original form of the influence he imbibed in his realistic writings. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women University, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Leo-Nikolayevich-Tolstoy-and-the-Influence-of-English-Literature https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).56 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Students Perceptions of Effectiveness of Course Contents, Supplementary Material and Tutorial Support in Phonology Course offered By Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad Ubaidullah Khan Shaista Zeb Muhammad Uzair Phonology Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad English Language Distance Learning System (DLS) This study has been conducted to evaluate the Phonology course offered by the Department of English Language & Applied Linguistics, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. The research is a descriptive evaluation study that aims to investigate the effectiveness of the course. It is based on the feedback of the students regarding the effectiveness of course contents, supplementary material, and tutorial support. A survey-based questionnaire was designed, which sought students opinions about the above three areas. The questionnaire was administered to 24 students studying at one of the 26 study centers. The data have been analysed statistically/quantitatively as well as qualitatively. The study found out that the textbook needs to be revised/rewritten with the latest teaching techniques included in it. The supplementary material needs to be made more relevant, and the quality of printed and recorded material needs to be improved. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English Language & Applied Linguistics, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Department of English (GS), National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Department of English (GS), National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/students-perceptions-of-effectiveness-of-course-contents-supplementary-material-and-tutorial-support-in-phonology-course-offered-by-allama-iqbal-open-u https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).57 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Conceptual Awareness about Brain-Based Learning and Neurotheological Practices at Secondary Level Muhammad Qasim Ali Najam Ul Kashif Muhammad Irfan Chani Conceptual Awareness Brain-Based Learning Neurotheological Practices When educational neuroscience emerged in the latter decade of the 20th century, it completely transformed the area of education and presented a slew of new difficulties to educators, scholars, and intellectuals. The study's goals were to 1) ascertain secondary school students' conceptions about brain-based learning 2) assess students' awareness of neurotheological practices. It was a descriptive study, and the study sample consisted of all public secondary school students, and 250 students were chosen at random from the study population. The researchers developed a questionnaire after reading relevant literature. The study indicated that emotions influence decision-making, fostering creativity and uniqueness, so it concluded that a suitable classroom/institution environment makes students feel like active learners. The study may suggest that teachers create a favorable learning environment for better learning, and it may also recommend that students offer prayer five times daily to relax their brains and improve learning and creativity. Humanity Publications PhD (Scholar), The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, COMSATS, Vehari Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/conceptual-awareness-about-brainbased-learning-and-neurotheological-practices-at-secondary-level https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).58 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Infancy Apocryphal Literature as Source of Quranic Mary and Jesus: A Chronological Investigation Muhammad Tayyab Usmani Muhammad Samiullah Muhammad Muhammad Mustafa Apocryphal Materials Marry & Jesus Abraham Geiger Infancy Literature Apocryphal materials are different from the biblical accounts. During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Western scholars of Qur'an & Islam applied the historical-critical method to decide apocryphal elements in the Quranic stories about Marry & Jesus, who are figures known from the Bible. The most common apocryphal sources that figures in the so-called copying are The Protevangelium of James, The Infancy Gospel of Thomas, The Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew, and Coptic Gospel. The earliest person who popularized the hypothesis of origin/original sources of the Qur'anic accounts from these apocryphal stories into the Qur'an was Abraham Geiger in his book Was hat Mohammed aus dem Judenthume aufgenommen? and on the same methodology, Rev. W. St. Clair Tisdall presented Christian apocryphal literature as sources of Qur'anic Jesus and Mary. Later on, apologists and missionaries, particularly orientalists claimed that the verses of the Qur'an are drawn from the apocryphal source material. The main object of this paper is twofold. On the one hand, it analyses how the Qur'an and apocryphal infancy literature presents Marry & Jesus's infancy stories, on the other hand, it examines historical interrelations between Quranic & apocryphal texts can be described as the approaches in which texts refer to, and construct on other text. Humanity Publications Lecturer Islamic Studies, Government Murray College, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor Islamic Thought and Civilization, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Director Seerat Chair, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/infancy-apocryphal-literature-as-source-of-quranic-mary-and-jesus-a-chronological-investigation https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).59 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Education Policies, Discourse of Ideology and the Construction of National Identity in Pakistan: A Critical Analysis Shafiq Qurban Husnul Amin Education Policy Enlightened Moderation Islamic Ideology Muslim Ummah National Identity Regime National Governments have controlled education policy to construct national identity according to the agenda of the government of the time. Education policy promotes discourse of ideology to construct national identity. Islam has always influenced formulation of education policies in Pakistan. This article explores the impact of change in governments upon discourse of ideology in education policies in the construction of national identity. It is based on primary data collected from education policies of 1947, 1959, 1969, 1970, 1972, 1979, 1992, 1998 and 2009. Discourse analysis reveals the fact that governments in Pakistan have used divergent discourses of Islamic ideology. The discontinuity in discourse of Islamic ideology has obstructed nation-building resulting in identity crisis. This research suggests that governments should follow identical discourse of ideology in education policies for nation-building with exigencies of time rather than using divergent policies. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Politics and IR,International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor,Department of Politics and IR, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Education-Policies-Discourse-of-Ideology-and-the-Construction-of-National-Identity-in-Pakistan-A-Critical-Analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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The Portrayal of Pak-US Relations in Print Media: An Analysis of War on Terror and Militancy in Pakistan during the Republican and the Democratic Regimes Aatif Iftikhar Zubair Shafiq War on Terror Militants Democratic Republican Pakistan United States Media This study has examined how the leading Pakistani and American newspapers portrayed the war on terror and militancy in Pakistan during Republican (George W. Bush) and Democratic (Barack Obama) regimes. All the editorials were analyzed which were published on the subjects during the timeline of sixteen years (January 2001 - January 2017). The results show that both the newspapers are independent, balanced and suggestive. Overall coverage of editorials remained higher (59%) in the democratic regime as compared to that of the republican regime (41%). On the issue of Pakistan's support in the war against terrorism, both the newspapers gave mixed framing. Dawn gave Pakistan more favorable portrayal. NYT remained more unfavorable towards Pakistan, especially during democratic regime. The study reveals that Pak-US relations remained more hostile during Obama regime. However the overall foreign policy remains similar in America irrespective of its administration. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Media Studies,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Media Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/The-Portrayal-of-Pak-US-Relations-in-Print-Media-An-Analysis-of-War-on-Terror-and-Militancy-in-Pakistan-during-the-Republican-and-the-Democratic-Regime https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Freedom of Expression: A Comparative Study of Ideological Conflict between Islam And the West Tasaddaq Hussain Muhammad Aslam Pervez Shahid Minhas Freedom of Expression Ideological Conflict Islam and West. (FOE) is a basic human right, unanimously accepted all over the world; however it has no universal definition. The Islam condemns the Blasphemy strongly, whereas the West takes it as an offshoot of FOE and a symbol of democracy. This paper is an attempt to investigate, to what extent the Islamic concept of FOE is consistent with the Western concept? Its main objective is to point out the real cause of the rift and to discover recipe which could be used in curing the bleeding sore of humanity. Methodologically, qualitative research technique is used; analytical approach is adopted. Principal books, Scholarly articles, and academic writings are especially consulted. It is concluded that all the basic human rights have limits; therefore FOE must also be aligned. In this way, a common socio-religious definition of FOE is suggested for a peaceful and tolerant democratic global society. Humanity Publications PhD Research Scholar,Department of Media and Communication Studies,Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Professor,Department of Media and Communication Studies,Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Media Studies, GIFT University Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Freedom-of-Expression-A-Comparative-Study-of-Ideological-Conflict-between-Islam-And-the-West https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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A Regional Study on Spillover Perspective: Analyzing the Underlying Mechanism of Emotional Exhaustion between Family Incivility, Thriving and Workplace Aggression Sidrah Al Hassan Tasneem Fatima Imran Saeed Family Incivility Emotional Exhaustion Thriving Workplace Aggression and Spillover Theory This study intends to scrutinize the underlying mechanism of employee exhaustion in the relationship between family incivility, and outcomes of thriving and workplace aggression with the spillover theory serving as the overarching explanation. The data was collected through distribution of 300 self-reported questionnaires administered in a single wave. The final sample turned out to be 246 workers of service sector organizations operating in Rawalpindi and Islamabad region. The data analysis revealed acceptable model fit indices for CFA conducted for full measurement model. Subsequently, SEM was used for testing different structural paths. The statistical findings of the study confirm that emotional exhaustion serves as underlying mechanisms, which validate the assumptions of spillover theory that the exposure to family incivility spills over to the worklife domain and emotional exhaustion is experienced followed by reduction in thriving capability and development of aggressive behavior at workplace at the same time. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Faculty of Management Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Faculty of Management Sciences,International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Institute of Business Management Sciences,The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/A-Regional-Study-on-Spillover-Perspective-Analyzing-the-Underlying-Mechanism-of-Emotional-Exhaustion-between-Family-Incivility-Thriving-and-Workplace-A https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Harnessing the New Modes of Learning: Teachers' Perceptions and Classroom Assessment Practices for Students’ Over-all Development at Under Graduate Level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Shahzadi Seema Amjad Reba Waqar Un Nisa Faizi New modes of Learning Classroom Assessment Practices Students' Over-all Development Teachers Perceptions KP Universities Pakistan Currently, for improving students' learning, the focus is made solely on teaching strategies whereas assessment is practiced just for auditing and overlooks the improvement in students' learning. To this effect, a qualitative approach is executed to showcase teachers' perceptions regarding the use of classroom assessment practices for students' overall development. The sample of the study comprises 20 teachers, randomly selected, from five public sector universities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Relevant data were collected through semi-structured interview schedules while analyzed by adopting thematic approach. Cultural sensitivity was ensured during data collection process. The results revealed that teachers strongly asserted the use of classroom assessment practices for students' overall development. Teachers' emphasized that there is a need to equip the students with life-essential skills as the more students participate in classroom assessment practices, the more they will be able to develop skills and perform effectively in a real-life situation. Humanity Publications PhD. Scholar,Institute of Education and Research (IER), University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Institute of Education and Research (IER), University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education,Islamia College Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/harnessing-the-new-modes-of-learning-teachers-perceptions-and-classroom-assessment-practices-for-students-overall-development-at-under-graduate-level-in-khyber-pakhtunkhwa-pakistan- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Passivization in Pashto and English: A Comparative Analysis Akbar Ali Muhammad Anees Bilal Khan Passivization Passive in Pashto Pashto Language The present research work intends to analyze and compare the sentence structures in English and Pashto Language. The researcher has focused mainly on the passivization process in this regard. The primary reason for the research is to highlight the similarities and differences between the passivization processes in both languages. Moreover, the researcher has delimited the study to tenses used in both the languages. The study follows qualitative method of research where the researcher has collected the data for the English passivization from the various grammar books while for the collection of data in the form of Pashto passive structures, the researcher has used test as research tools. The researcher has compared the passivization process in each tense between English and Pashto in the data analysis chapter. The study highlighted some similarities but many differences in the passivization process in English and Pashto languages. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English,FATA University, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, FATA University, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English,FATA University, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Passivization-in-Pashto-and-English-A-Comparative-Analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Curriculum Provisions for Classroom Instruction and Students' Self-Efficacy at Secondary Level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Shah Faisal Nabi Bux Jumani Seema Gul Classroom instruction; Curriculum; Secondary Level; Self-efficacy; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Classroom instruction, as a key feature of formal education, primarily provided in the National Curriculum that aimed to materialize the curricular targets. This study was conducted with the objective to analyze the provisions for classroom instruction in the National Curriculum at secondary level that affects self-efficacy of the students in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, a North-western province of Pakistan. The study was qualitative by design and conducted by employing Foucauldian discourse analysis of the core curriculum of Urdu, Mathematics, and Islamiyat for the sources of self-efficacy. The study found that the provisions, were either ignored or made idealistic without concrete provision in the classroom, proved to be pepped talk and were devoid of practical utility in the classroom for the purpose and, hence, were adversely affecting the efficacy belief of the students. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Education,International Islamic University Islamabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor,Department of Education, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor,Department of Psychology,International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/curriculum-provisions-for-classroom-instruction-and-students-selfefficacy-at-secondary-level-in-khyber-pakhtunkhwa- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Exploring Determiners of Achievements of Degree Students (Pakistan) in Academic English Saira Maqbool Rabia Bahoo Muhammad Shakir Academic achievement Anxiety Attitude Culture Determiners Motivational Selves. English is an international language and is understood almost all over the world. There are different determiners that effect the level of achievement in learning English. The main concern of the study was to find out the relationships between them. The descriptive correlational study design was selected with a multilayer sampling technique having sample of 320 Degree level students form four universities of Pakistan. Data was collected and the correlation was found through Pearson correlation. It was found that many factors including Anxiety, interest, attitude, and self-confidence had strong correlation with academic achievements of students. Some practical implication was suggested including the training of teachers in a better way. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of English,Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Education, The Government Sadiq College Women University Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer,Educational Training,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Exploring-Determiners-of-Achievements-of-Degree-Students-Pakistan-in-Academic-English https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Antecedents and Consequences of Employee's Greed: An Empirical Examination (Evidence from Pakistan) Qlander Hayat Sayyed Muhammad Mehdi Raza Naqvi Employee Greed Job Strain Workplace Deviance The study aimed to analyze empirically the relationships among job strain, employee greed, and workplace deviance. The data is collected from 645 bank employees and analyzed by using structural equation modeling. The analysis reveals a significant impact of job strain on greed and workplace deviance. Moreover, in the relationship between job strain and workplace deviance, employee greed is a significant mediator. The study bridges the gap in the literature of greed theory by incorporating the mechanism of employee greed in job strain and workplace deviance. In the practical milieu, the study explains greed phenomenon in a novel cultural context, suggesting human resource managers to better understand employee psychology. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Management & Social Sciences,Capital University of Science & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor,Department of Management & Social Sciences, Capital University of Science & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Antecedents-and-Consequences-of-Employees-Greed-An-Empirical-Examination https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Linking Human Resource Practice with Work Happiness Through Employee Resilience: Evidence from Pakistan Muhammad Ali Muhammad Usman Ghani Basharat Raza Employee development Employee Benefits Employee Resilience Human Resource Practices Information flow It is very important for the organization to keep its intellectual resources updated and ready for uncertain situations. This study aimed to explore the direct association between HR practices i.e. (job design, information flow, employee development, and employee benefits) and work happiness, and mediating role of employee resilience as well. The data were collected from 315 employees through self-administered questionnaires working in public and private sector banks of Lahore, Pakistan. The structural equation modeling analysis was employed for hypotheses testing. The result showed that HR Practices i.e. (job design, information flow, employee development, and employees benefits) were positively directly related to work happiness. HR practices also had indirect effect on work happiness through employee resilience. This study provided initial empirical evidence regarding the intervening effect of employee resilience among the association of HR practices and work happiness. The studys future directions and limitations are debated, further industry implications are also discussed. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Institute of Business Administration, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of Management Sciences, Institute of Management Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Business Administration,National College of Business Administration and Economics, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Linking-Human-Resource-Practice-with-Work-Happiness-Through-Employee-Resilience-Evidence-from-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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The Impact of Teachers' Personality on Students' Academic Achievement in Pakistan. Shaista Noreen Akhtar Ali Uzma Munawar Personality Characteristics Big Five Model. Student's Achievement Teachers personality plays a significant role in accomplishing students educational achievement. Teaching and learning have a major part in creating a friendly and encouraging learning environment for students. In this context, the current research was conducted to explore the influence of tutors character on pupils learning and accomplishment. It was a descriptive correlative research approach. The sample comprised of 1,152 teachers and 2,304 students of 10th grade of public and private secondary schools who were chosen through a cluster sampling technique. The respondents were taken from 12 districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Two questionnaires; one for teachers and one for students were used to collect data. Teachers questionnaires were based on an adapted personality measure scale of John and Srivastavas Big Five Inventory (1999). The statistical analysis displayed no significant rapport among teachers personality and pupils academic success. The regression analysis and correlation coefficient showed that the dimension of agreeableness, extroversion, neuroticism, and conscientiousness has no correlation with students performance. However, openness has a significant correlation between students performance. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor,Department of education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Government Sadiq Women University Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/The-Impact-of-Teachers-Personality-on-Students-Academic-Achievement https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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The Effect of Relational Coordination on Employee Creative Involvement: A Study of Public and Private Hospitals in Peshawar, Pakistan Muhammad Tahir Sajid Rahman Imran Saeed Relational Coordination Employee Outcome Employee Creative Involvement Healthcare Peshawar Pakistan. Relational coordination is an emerging HR-related concept based on the network of ties between task participants and is expected to produce favorable efficiency and quality outcome. The relational coordination-employee outcome is new research dimension in the relational coordination field. The objective of the study was to test if relational coordination leads to employee related outcomes. In terms of research methodology, we followed the positivism paradigm, used deductive approach, and quantitative method of data collection and analysis. Furthermore, we used the survey based on previously developed measures for data collection. Through stratified random sampling, data is collected from doctors, nurses, and support staff from five public and five private sector hospitals. The usable questionnaires were 978. Our findings show that relational coordination among staff positively influence the employee creative involvement (employee outcome). The findings have implications for the management of healthcare and a number of recommendations are made. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Management Science, Qurtuba University of Science & Information Technology, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Business & Management Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer,Institute of Business & Management Sciences,The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/The-Effect-of-Relational-Coordination-on-Employee-Creative-Involvement-A-Study-of-Public-and-Private-Hospitals-in-Peshawar-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Training Program for countering the Effects of Terrorism and Emotional Stability of University Students in Punjab (Pakistan) Muhammad Naeem Ashraf Muhammad Naeem Mohsin Muhammad Shabbir Ali Need Assessment Terrorism Emotional Stability The current scenario of terrorism in Pakistan made people insecure, scared depressed and aggressive. After the tragic incidents of 9/11, terrorism has become a major threat to the lives of the people. Pakistan was a severe victim of terrorism. The present study assessed the need for a training program to counter effects of terrorism on emotional stability of university students.The population and sample of the study were comprised of Government College University, Faisalabad. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of terrorism among university students. A self-developed questionnaire was designed for students to examine the existing level of emotional instability through survey. Both Descriptive, as well as inferential Statistical tests, were applied to draw conclusions. The study identified the need for training programs to counter the effects of terrorism on emotional wellbeing of university students. Results revealed that terrorism has negatively affected the emotional health of university students. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, GC University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Education, GC University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education,University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Training-Program-for-countering-the-Effects-of-Terrorism-and-Emotional-Stability-of-University-Students-in-Punjab-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Self-Efficacy Beliefs between the Graduates from the Madrassas and Public Sector Institutes in Punjab Muhammad Riaz Muhammad Naeem Mohsin Shafqat Rasool Self-Efficacy Graduates Madrassas Public Sector Institutes. The present research explored the self-efficacy beliefs between the graduates from the madrassas and public sector institutes. The variable of the interest was self-efficacy beliefs. The study was quantitative in nature. Simple random sampling was used as a sampling technique. The population was selected from province of Punjab. Three divisions (Faisalabad, Multan, and Lahore) were selected randomly from different institutions. Furthermore; 24 institutions were selected from province on the origin of area. Two hundred and forty sample graduates were chosen from the selected population. Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SEQ) was used as instrument in this study. SEQ was used to evaluate graduates self-efficacy beliefs. Descrprtive and inferential statistics were applied to draw the results. The findings of the research showed that public sector graduates had higher self-efficacy as compared to Madrassa graduates moreover; graduates of urban areas had higher self-efficacy beliefs as compared to graduates of under-developed areas. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, GC University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor,Department of Education,GC University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education,Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Self-Efficacy-Beliefs-between-the-Graduates-from-the-Madrassas-and-Public-Sector-Institutes-in-Punjab https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Effective Management of Secondary School Head Teachers in Punjab: A Comparative Study Shafqat Rasool Muhammad Arshad Muhammad Shabbir Ali Management Effectiveness Promoted Selectee Administration. Heads are leading figures in educational institutions responsible for the training of future generations but also have to perform many key functions to achieve the predetermined objectives. The objective was a comparison of management effectiveness between direct selectees and promoted secondary school headteachers of Punjab. A close-ended rating scale consisting of 25 statements was developed on five-point Likert scale for 464 senior Secondary School Teachers (SSTs) selected through multistage random sampling. Nine district educational administrators were interviewed using structured interview schedule. Reliability was assured as 0.83 by test and re-test approach. After analysis of data, it was concluded that headteachers selected directly by Punjab Public Service Commission had better school management effectiveness as compared to promoted headteachers. It was clear that direct selectee headteachers were more effective in enhancing enrollment and producing better PEC and BISE results than promoted headteachers. Humanity Publications Lecturer,Department of Education, GC University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. SST, Department of Education (School), Govt. Fazilka Islamia Model High School Pakpattan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education,University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Effective-Management-of-Secondary-School-Head-Teachers-in-Punjab-A-Comparative-Study https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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The Emergent Bioethics of Human Cloning Debate in Global Context Shazia Kiyani Sohaib Ahmed Hashmi Human Cloning Morals and Ethics Values Bioethics This paper begins with the idea of technology generally and its influence over the global world in family and reproduction sectors particularly. The ARTs have taken over the lead in this sector but human cloning is not a phenomenon endorsed and greeted by everyone around the globe. This paper examines and analyses the arguments of the proponents and opponents on the subject of human cloning from the moral and ethical perspectives. Such concerns over the idea of human cloning evolve around all the stakeholders and do not spare anyone from observation of certain code of conduct proposed by the moral and ethical values. The proponents argue that it is the need of the hour to welcome such an innovative technique and rejection of this technique would be totally unjustified and contrary to the norms of human rights and notions of the freedom of choice in reproduction and healthcare sectors. Humanity Publications PhD Research scholar, Department of Shariah and Law, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Law, The University of Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/The-Emergent-Bioethics-of-Human-Cloning-Debate-in-Global-Context https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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An Empirical Study of Work-Family Field: Identifying Psychographic Predictors of Work-Family Conflict Afsheen Masood Muhammad Sulman Arooj Arshad Emotional Intelligence; Female Lawyers; Job Satisfaction; SelfEfficacy; Work-Family Conflict. This study propounds to examine the dynamics of relationship among emotional intelligence, job satisfaction, and self-efficacy and work-family conflict in female lawyers. Correlational Cross-sectional research design was implicated in this research in order to test the hypothesis that emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and job satisfaction are likely to predict work-family conflict in young female lawyers. The sample comprised of n= 200 female lawyers, age ranging between 30-50 years, recruited from the civil and high court of Lahore, Pakistan. SPSS 23.0 was used to execute analyses that revealed that emotional intelligence was somehow having negative relationship with work-family conflict yet positively associated with self-efficacy. Findings of linear regression analysis divulge that emotional intelligence and self-efficacy are significant negative predictors of work-family conflict. Results from the current research provide insight for future researchers in seeking line of further inquiry on psychosocial dynamics of work-family life patterns of female lawyers. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Institute of Applied Psychology,University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, School of Media & Communication Studies,University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, School of Creative Arts, University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/an-empirical-study-of-workfamily-field-identifying-psychographic-predictors-of-workfamily-conflict- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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British Values and the Deconstruction of Thomas Hardy's Short Story "Netty Sargent's Copyhold" Irfan Ullah Liaqat Iqbal Farooq Shah Poststructuralism deconstruction Barry's three-level/stages Netty Sargent's Copyhold. The present study deals with the analysis of Thomas Hardys short story “Netty Sargents Copyhold”. To have a deconstructive analysis of the short story, Barrys (2002) three levelsof analysis, i.e., verbal, textual and linguistic, have been used. It was found that the story has words with contradictory and confusing meaning entrenched in the British values. Also, the story has a diversion in ideas and grammar. However, no such examples of the third level were found in the story. In short, the story has words, grammar, and other ideas which give it a loose structure when reading from the perspective of deconstruction, which lead the researchers to conclude that the work is a fine specimen of the spirit of the Victorian age. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of English,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of English,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/British-Values-and-the-Deconstruction-of-Thomas-Hardys-Short-Story-Netty-Sargents-Copyhold https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Impact of Motivation on Students' and Teachers' Efficiency and School Effectiveness in Pakistan Muhammad Attique Shahid Hussain Akhtar Ali Motivation Efficiency Effectiveness Physical Factors Academic Factors Social Factors Psychological Factors The purpose of conducting this research was to study the impact of motivation on teachers and students efficiency and school effectiveness. It was a descriptive study which had a sample of 60 government high schools situated in urban and rural area of District Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Self-administrative questionnaires comprising 30 statements were used to collect data from 240 randomly selected teachers and students. The results of the analysis recognized that students and teachers have strong impact on their own efficiency and school effectiveness whereas parental choice is also affected by this. By keeping in mind the conclusions the research recommended; seminars and awareness campaign on psychological strength and social values may be conducted, Missing facilities possibly be identified, proper allocation of budget from governmentand easy access to available facilities may be made sure by school administration. Humanity Publications Head Master,Department of Education,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Head Master,Department of Education,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor,Department of Education,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/impact-of-motivation-on-students-and-teachers-efficiency-and-school-effectiveness-in-pakistan- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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A Comparative Study of Teachers' Perspectives about Commercialization of Education at Elementary Level in Punjab Ghulam Hyder Muhammad Arshad Iftikhar Ahmad Baig Commercialization Elementary level Quality Education Private Sector Perceptions. There is a rapid increase in demand for education across the country. Consequently, the trend of educating children in private sector schools is expanding. This article provides an overview of the teachers of private and public schools regarding commercialization of education at elementary level. A self-developed questionnaire was followed for data collection. No significant difference was found in the perceptions of both sectors teachers regarding positive attitude of parents towards private sector, high socio economic status of private sector students and low and high emphasis of commercialization of education in rural and urban areas respectively. Public school teachers views for acceptability of fee structure and promotion of quality of education for commercialization of education are significantly more positive than private school teachers. It is recommended that government should develop proper mechanism to regulate the private sector in the area of fee structure, overall quality of education and affordable for everyone. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education,The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. SST (Science),Department of Education (School),Government Fazilka Islamia Model High School Pakpattan, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Education,The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/a-comparative-study-of-teachers-perspectives-about-commercialization-of-education-at-elementary-level-in-punjab- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).20 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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The Role of Parents and Teachers in Academic Achievement of Students in Hazara Division, Pakistan Syed Afzal Shah Sadaf Naz Naeema Mumtaz Parental Communication Parental Emotional Support Classroom Security Teachers' Motivation This research was designed for discovering the effect of parental involvement as well as teachers involvement upon the students academic achievement at the secondary level. The research explored the impact of two characteristics of parental involvement i.e. parental communication, and their emotional support, and classroom security, and teachers motivation on students academic achievement. Sample selection was done through stratified random sampling. 1438 students were selected from 10th grade students. Data collection was done through self-developed and validated questionnaires. Multiple regression model, mean and standard deviation were used for the purpose of data analysis. The results indicate that parental communication has emerged as the major indicator of involvement of parents. Parental communication and parental emotional support has profound influence upon the academic achievement of students. Additionally, parental communication and their emotional support have deep positive influence on academic achievement of male students. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Education,The University of Haripur, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education,Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/The-Role-of-Parents-and-Teachers-in-Academic-Achievement-of-Students-in-Hazara-Division,-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).21 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Role Conflict, Marital Quality and Career Satisfaction: A Demographic Analysis of Dual Career Couples in Peshawar, Pakistan Khalil ur Rahman Tariq Anwar Khan Kiramat Ullah Conflict Family Parenthood Quality Satisfaction. This study is carried out to know the level of role conflict, marital quality and career satisfaction of dual career couples across the selected demographics in Peshawar city of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa of Pakistan. Demographic features including gender, age, parenthood, family type and form of marriage were selected as independent variables while role conflict, marital quality and career satisfaction were selected as dependent variables. Data was collected through three point Likert scale from the purposively selected 388 respondents in six universities and three hospitals in Peshawar city of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. The data was analysed through T-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). It was found that gender, age, parenthood, family type and marital form were significantly determining the level of role conflict, marital quality and career satisfaction of the study participants. It is concluded from the study that demographic features of the couples significantly influence the issues of work life balance of the dual career couples. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, University Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Political Science,Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Political Science,Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Role-Conflict-Marital-Quality-and-Career-Satisfaction-A-Demographic-Analysis-of-Dual-Career-Couples-in-Peshawar-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).22 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Develop a Strategy of Pre Service Teachers Training Program for Early Childhood Education in Azad Jammu and Kashmir Sattar Muhammad Nazir Haider Shah Muhammad Munir Kayani Model Pre Service Teachers Training Early Childhood Education The aim of this study was to develop a strategy of pre service teachers training program for early childhood education. The objective of the study was to develop a strategy of pre service teachers training program for early childhood education. The study is descriptive in nature which would assess need to the pre service teacher training program for ECE and development of strategies for future in Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK). The researchers decided to take sample from each division. 175 primary teachers and 35 head teachers from each division were chosen. Thus teachers sample consisted of total 510 teachers and 105 head teachers from three divisions. In this study multistage sampling technique was used. All scores on the individual data sheets and questionnaire of all categories were entered in the SPSS 21 database for analysis. The data was analyzed by applying descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Humanity Publications Student,Department of Education, Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic University Nerian Sharif AJK, Pakistan. Professor,Department of Education,Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic University Nerian Sharif AJK, Pakisstan. Professor, Department of Education, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Develop-a-Strategy-of-Pre-Service-Teachers-Training-Program-for-Early-Childhood-Education-in-Azad-Jammu-and-Kashmir https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).23 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Energy Proficient Strategies and Future Challenges in 5G Networks in Pakistan Dost Muhammad Khan Tariq Aziz Rao Najia Sehr Energy Efficiency Power Optimization Green Communication Wireless Communication To meet the extraordinary subscribers’ requests in near future, 5G wireless cellular networks are developing. With the arrival of 5th generation (5G), millions of new Base Stations (BS) and billions of associated gadgets will also be increased which require the extra power. More power utilization will result in an ascent in the CO2 discharge into the atmosphere, which may cause various human diseases. To meet the requests of an expanded limit, an enhanced data rate, and a superior nature of the service of the up-coming generation systems, there is a dire need to embrace energy proficient models, which consume less power. This manuscript gives an overview of energy proficient strategies and future challenges in 5G networks, which will be helpful for research scholars and organizations for future exploration of power optimization in 5G networks. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Computer Sciences and I.T, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan Visiting Lecturer,Department of Computer Sciences and I.T,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Computer Sciences and I.T, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Energy-Proficient-Strategies-and-Future-Challenges-in-5G-Networks-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).24 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Implementation of 21st Century Skills in Higher Education of Pakistan Hayat Khan N.B. Jumani Nawab Gul Global Economy Knowledge based Economy 21st Century Skills and Implementation The emergence of the global economy has changed the demands of citizenship and employment in the new millennium. The world is shifting from an industrial economy to knowledge based economy. Keeping in view these challenges, 21st century society and work sphere require individuals equipped with 21st century skills. Therefore the present study was designed to examine the implementation of 21st century skills in universities of Pakistan. The aim of the study was to examine the existing programs and practices at the universities and their relation with 21st century skills. Learning and innovation skills, also called 4Cs skills, were taken as 21st century skills in the present study. These skills consist of (i) critical thinking and problem solving, (ii) communication, (iii) collaboration, and (iv) creativity. Findings of the study revealed that these skills were not fully developed in majority of the students in universities. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education,International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Education, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Senior English Teacher,Government Higher Secondary School,Badar Banda Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Implementation-of-21st-Century-Skills-in-Higher-Education-of-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).25 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Impact of Transformational Leadership on Teacher Retention at Elementary School Level in Punjab: Teachers' Perspectives Toheed Qamar Muhammad Javed Zafar Hussain Retention transformational leadership personal attributes The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of transformational leadership on teacher retention at elementary school level (ESL) of Southern Punjab. The elementary school teachers (ELT) of Southern Punjab formed population. For the sample, 240 schools and 960 teachers were selected randomly for the study. The study has measured transformational leadership through factors i.e. job characteristics, school characteristics and personal attributes. When the respondents were asked for their views about teacher retention then there was no significant dissimilarity with respect to gender rather both groups had similar views; whereas significant difference was found between private and public teacher. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar,Department of Education,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/impact-of-transformational-leadership-on-teacher-retention-at-elementary-school-level-in-punjab-teachers-perspectives- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).26 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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The Expanding Role of Shanghai Cooperation Organization in the Context of Inter-Regional Integration between Central Asia and South Asia: Prospects and Challenges Uzma Siraj Sartaj Central Asia China Energy security Regional integration Russia South Asia Shanghai Cooperation Organization This paper analyzes the role of Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) as an effective instrument for regional security, cooperation and integration between Central and South Asia. It has the capacity to counter both traditional and non-traditional security threats. The presence of both Central Asian and South Asian states as members actually complement each other. As both face similar security issue i.e. terrorism. Energy Security of both regions is the biggest complementary factor and have bright prospects of cooperation under SCO. Moreover, the presence of China and Russia, two major regional powers having aspiration for regional integration makes it an attractive option for carrying out the regional stability and deeper integration. The role of SCO seems to be expanding in the wake of this regional integration, where cooperation between China and Russia have a spillover effect on the whole region further strengthening through cooperation in security, energy and other economic and trade matters. Humanity Publications Lecturer Federal Urdu UniversityDepartment of Politics & IR,International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer Riphah University, Department of Politics & IR,International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/The-Expanding-Role-of-Shanghai-Cooperation-Organization-in-the-Context-of-Inter-Regional-Integration-between-Central-Asia-and-South-Asia-Prospects-and- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).27 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Current Trends and Issues in Quality Assurance Practices: Higher Education Pakistan Shafqat Rasool Muhammad Arshad Muhammad Shabbir Ali Quality Assurance Practices Public and Private Universities Online Data Pakistan. The purpose of this research endeavour is to explore the current trends of quality assurance practices in the public and private universities of Pakistan. This study is based on the primary data from a doctoral thesis titled a comparative study of the quality assurance (QA) practices in public and private universities and online data of these universities in 2019 to extract improvement in quality assurance practices. Last ten years QA practices have been reviewed thematically and new trends have been variegated through empirical analysis from online data. Higher Education Commission Pakistan has provided a detailed manual for quality assurance and its enhancement to the universities quality assurance cells (QECS). The characteristics of these cells have been examined to identify the improvement in QA practices and also the universities which are more dexterous in implementing these features will be acknowledged. Humanity Publications Lecturer,Department of Education, GC University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. SST (Science), Department of Education (School),Govt. Fazilka Islamia Model High School, Pakpattan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education,University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Current-Trends-and-Issues-in-Quality-Assurance-Practices-Higher-Education-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).28 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Journeys from Crimes to Crowns: Literary Representation of Shakespearian Tragedies Rasib Mahmood Sanna Asghar Sadia Safdar Shakespearian Tragedies Crimes Crowns Representations Thinking is ideas banking and everyone wants the encashment of his/her thinking. Man desires to get godly powers through the encashment of his ideas. Some people get power through inheritance while others earn through hard work. The scholars are of the view that religion and fortune favor some men in committing crimes to reach the crowns, while others lose their lives. Human history is full of such incidents where sinners become saints through power. Religious and cultural accounts start preaching and teaching of their nobility. Shakespearean tragedies, in this regard, are highly important where different dramatic characters and historical figures reached to crowns through committing crimes and these characters can be seen in the present age. This research paper is an investigation that how has the act of crime in Shakespeares Hamlet (2006), Macbeth (1990) and King Lear (1897) connected to the accession of crowns? Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of English, University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Student, Department of English, Beaconhouse National University Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Student, Department of English,Minhaj University Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Journeys-from-Crimes-to-Crowns-Literary-Representation-of-Shakespearian-Tragedies https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).29 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Machiavellianism and Bullying Behavior: Conditional Effects of Trait Activating Job Roles and Mediating Mechanism of Impression Management: A Region Based Study Hafsah Zahur Tasneem Fatima Hina Shahab Machiavellianism Role Ambiguity Impression Management and Bullying Behavior. This research identifies the job-based role ambiguity which positively triggers the self-impressions of Machiavellianism personality. Machiavellian personality engaged in bullying behaviors which can be reduced by the soft impression management tactics. A field sample of 420 employees working in telecommunication sector were analyzed. Time lag research design was used to investigate the linear effects of the proposed constructs. The hypotheses were tested by using the moderated-mediation analysis. The result shows that role ambiguous job demands trigger the functional attributes of Machiavellian personality for predicting positive self-impression. The impact of Machiavellian personality on bullying behavior through moderated-mediation of role ambiguity and impression management was significantly proved. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Management Sciences,International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Management Sciences,International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Management Sciences,National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Machiavellianism-and-Bullying-Behavior:-Conditional-Effects-of-Trait-Activating-Job-Roles-and-Mediating-Mechanism-of-Impression-Management:-A-Region-Ba https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).30 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Sufism and the Socio-Legal Services of Hazrat Moinuddin Hasan Sanjari of Ajmer Urf "Khwaja Gareeb Nawaz" Samza Fatima Muhammad Bilal Aamir Abbas Asrar-E-Haq Shariah Islamic Law Monotheism (Wahdaniyat) Sufism Mysticism The Sufi saints, Ulemas and Mashaikhs always had an important place in the history of mankind. These Sufi saints belong to different tariqas but their basic belief has been same and that is “oneness of Allah”. A tariqa is a school of thought or a concept for the mystical teaching and spiritual practices with the intention of seeking the ultimate truth. The history of Moinuddin Chishti, the Sufi saint of Ajmer is much mired in mythology. Therefore, it is often infuriating to shift fact from friction. Loveable and the legends declare Moinuddin Chishti a great saint, many are curious to know why he is considered to be so. This paper explores why Moinuddin Chisti is considered greater above all in the Chishti tariqa. In addition to this, this paper also explores the socio-legal services of Moinuddin Chishti for Muslim world generally and for Rajasthan particularly. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Law,Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Law,G. C. University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Sufism-and-the-Socio-Legal-Services-of-Hazrat-Moinuddin-Hasan-Sanjari-of-Ajmer-Urf-Khwaja-Gareeb-Nawaz https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).31 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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A Self-efficacious TESOL Professional in the Arabian Gulf: Evidence from the Literature Arshad Ali Khan Hussain Ahmad Sayyed Rashid Ali Shah CLT EFL/ESL teachers Learning outcomes Self-effectiveness Teacher education TESOL professionals. This article reflects on the notion of self-effectiveness as a substantial aspect of language teachers in ESL/EFL contexts. It introduces and defines the construct of teacher self-effectiveness, which can be derived from four different sources; a) enactive experience, b) vicarious experiences, c) social persuasion, and d) physiological states. The present study takes into consideration various skills, knowledge, and exposure that ESL/EFL teachers need in order to apply communicative language teaching (CLT) techniques and improve learners linguistic competence. The review of literature brings into light a broad range of factors that might influence self-effectiveness beliefs of the teachers in a school context, and consequently their teaching outcomes. These factors include supportive organizational culture, collegial interactions, participation in continuous professional learning activities, high-level of English language proficiency, years of teaching experiences, and reflective pedagogical practices. It is also shown how self-efficacious teachers can impact EFL/ESL learners motivation and their academic achievement. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Linguistics and Communication,University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer,English Language Institute,King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Assistant Professor,Faculty of Language and Translation,King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/A-Self-efficacious-TESOL-Professional-in-the-Arabian-Gulf-Evidence-from-the-Literature https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).32 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Lower Extremity Kinematics of the Successful and Unsuccessful Cricket Pull Shots of the Malaysian National Cricket Batsmen Muhammad Zia Ul Haq Muhammad Badar Habib Muhammad Tahir Nazeer Cricket Batting Batsman Short Pitch Ball Bat Swing Pull Shot This research is about the kinematics analysis of the lower extremity of the cricket batsmen at the attempt of successful and unsuccessful pull shots. Data were recorded from (n = 18) Malaysian cricket batsmen by using two video cameras. Repeated measures ANOVA was applied for statistical analysis. Results showed the back lift, angular movements of the knees, hips joints, velocities of the left knee, hip and bat were significantly faster at successful pull shot than unsuccessful shots. It was concluded the higher angular position of knees and hips joints increase the vertical position of batsmen to execute a successful pull shot. The cricket coaches are required to focus on the improvement of high backlift, a higher extension of knees and hips, faster movement left leg and bat the time of bat-ball impact. These kinematics of the lower extremities are a key point for the execution of successful pull shot in cricket. Humanity Publications Lecturer,Physical Education and Sport Science,The Islamica University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Physical Education and Sport Science,The Islamica University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Sport Science & Physical Education,The University of Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Lower-Extremity-Kinematics-of-the-Successful-and-Unsuccessful-Cricket-Pull-Shots-of-the-Malaysian-National-Cricket-Batsmen https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).33 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Identification of the Reasons of Childrens Anxiety and Submissive Attitude: A Comparative Study of Public and Private Schools Muhammad Shakir Musarrat Jahan Shaista Noreen Anxiety Hesitation Passive Attitude The main purpose of this research was to analyse the children anxiety in both public and private schools. The main objectives of the study were (a) to identify the factor that involve to increase fear among children; (b) to investigate the positive and negative impact of anxiety on students academic performance; (c) to analyse the children learning state of mind during fear and submissive attitude. This descriptive research involved the data collection from ninety (90) teachers, three hundred and seventy five (375) students and forty (40) parents. They were selected by convenience sampling technique. It is found that when children are in fearful environment they feel panic attack and they participate less in class when they are in state of fear while most of the children think that stress, verbal threading and punishment is the basic cause of anxiety among early grades children. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Education Department, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Visiting Scholar, Education Department,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Identification-of-the-Reasons-of-Childrens-Anxiety-and-Submissive-Attitude-A-Comparative-Study-of-Public-and-Private-Schools https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).34 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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A Feminist Stylistic Analysis of Characterisation in Doris Lessings A Woman on a Roof Abdul Qayyum Mujib Rahman Henna Gul Nisar Feminist Stylistics Gender Stereotypes Characters. In her book Feminist Stylistics, Sara Mills (1995) argues that characters in texts are not simulacra of humans. They are merely words which represent men and women in accordance with stereotypes that are found in society. This study takes up D. Lessings short story A Woman on a Roof (1963/1990) and looks at the characterisation in it by using Mills model (1995) at the level of discourse. The aim of the study is to find out whether the representation of male and female characters in this story is gendered or not. The results of the study show that female characters are represented negatively while the male characters are represented positively. On the basis of these findings, it is recommended that these representational practices need to change in order to bring about a change in the thinking of the people. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of English,University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Professor, Department of English, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, IBMS,The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/A-Feminist-Stylistic-Analysis-of-Characterisation-in-Doris-Lessings-A-Woman-on-a-Roof https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).35 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Propaganda Revisited: Understanding Propaganda in the Contemporary Communication Oriented World Samia Manzoor Aasima Safdar Beenish Zaheen Propaganda Definitions Propaganda Analysis Propaganda Literature Propaganda Researchers Elements of Propaganda Propaganda had always remained a very important tool to influence others. Many researchers had worked and synthesized the concept of propaganda. But there was still a lot to be done as the contemporary propaganda industries had given this phenomenon a very subtle structure. This particular research study aimed to analyze the propaganda definitions set forth by various propaganda researchers to develop a comprehensive definition of the concept. For this purpose definitions provided by thirty different propaganda scholars had been analyzed to identify various elements of propaganda. Fourteen most frequently occurring elements were identified. On the basis of these elements, a comprehensive definition of propaganda was constructed to enhance the propaganda literature of Pakistan, which was the target of international propaganda from last couple of decades. This research paper would open new horizons for Pakistani researchers in the field of propaganda. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Communication Studies,Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Communication Studies,Department Communication Studies, Lecturer,Department of Mass Communication, The Women University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Propaganda-Revisited-Understanding-Propaganda-in-the-Contemporary-Communication-Oriented-World https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).36 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Impact of Leadership Styles Upon Professional Commitment Afshan Jabeen Salahuddin Khan Syed Zia-u Islam Leadership Styles Professional Commitment. The current study aimed to assess the effect of different leadership styles (Transformational, Transactional and Laissez-faire styles) upon the professional commitment. The study population encompassed the lecturers in Physical Education of all the public colleges in the province Punjab, Pakistan. Due to accessible population, no sampling techniques were preferred in this research study. The total number of lecturers (PE) was 576, in which 210 were male and 366 were female. Selfdeveloped scales were designed and used for data collection. The total 76% return rate of responses was recorded. Inferential and descriptive statistics were used to examine the collected information. On the basis of the findings, it was concluded that there is a positive effect of transactional style of head of institutions leadership upon professional commitment of lecturers (PE). Whereas, Laissez-faire style of leadership has a negative effect upon the professional commitment of lecturers in physical education. It was recommended that seminars and workshops may be arranged for leadership styles. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, SS&PE,Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Professor,SS&PE,Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer,SS&PE,Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Impact-of-Leadership-Styles-Upon-Professional-Commitment https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).37 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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The Effectiveness of PowerPoint Mediated Early Elementary Science Modules for Independent Learning Habiba Azhar Afifa Khanam Uzma Quraishi PowerPoint Mediated Modules Elementary Students Independent Learning Learner Autonomy PowerPoint is one of the programs that has made classrooms more colorful and attractive with its multimedia incorporation. The present research has examined the effectiveness of early elementary science modules prepared with attributes of PowerPoint show for students independent and autonomous learning. The modules were prepared for the subject of sixth-grade science, employing programmed learning principles. This experimental study has compared two groups of sixth grade; each group having N=30, at public and private schools parallelly, with a pretest, posttest control group design by introducing PowerPoint mediated modules for four weeks for one hour daily. The pre and post-test achievements were compared through the ttest. Both study groups at public and private sector schools increased their conceptual ability and performed better than the control group participants on a fifteen-item multiple choice objective type test. The study holds implications for the effectiveness of PowerPoint modules for bridging individual differences, adding learner autonomy and pace and place free independent learning, specifically, for underprivileged students. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Research & Evaluation,Institute of Education, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Research & Evaluation,Institute of Education, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Women University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/The-Effectiveness-of-PowerPoint-Mediated-Early-Elementary-Science-Modules-for-Independent-Learning https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).38 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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South Asian Print Media and Children Rights Discourse: A Critical Analysis of Pakistan - India Press Taj Mengal Tahir Mahmood Rukhsana Faiz outh Asia Children Rights Newspaper India Pakistan Perception Children rights are highlighted by various authors, columnist and media persons from time to time. The purpose of this study is to identify the imperative issues of children in South Asia especially Pakistan and India. This research article aims to provide information to the advisers and policy makers to shift particular difficulties of children rights to the forefront of public conscience. For this purpose, two dailies, The Nation from Pakistan and The Hindu from India were selected to find out the value given to children rights. The study shows that the coverage of children rights of education, health, safety and development rights were hardly covered in Pakistan and India print media and it is rarely prominent to identify the important issues related to children rights. This survey also examines that there are significant difference in the coverage of India and Pakistan newspapers which reports to the children issues. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Media Studies, Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Communication Studies, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Visiting Lecturer, Government College Civil Lines, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/south-asian-print-media-and-children-rights-discourse-a-critical-analysis-of-pakistan-india-press https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).39 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Exploring Gender Differences in Moral Intelligence and its Effects on the Learning Outcomes of Second Year College Students Ali Hussain Arif Marium Din Zafar Saleem Exploring Gender Differences Moral Intelligence and Academic Performance The current study was undertaken with the primary objectives of exploring differences in moral intelligence due to gender and determining moral intelligences effect on the learning performance of second-year students. The population of the study consisted of all second year college students of Skardu, Pakistan. However, data were collected from 445 students within the entire population by using the simple random sampling technique. Female students were found more intelligent than male ones in this study. The results depict that moral intelligence significantly affects the academic performance of students. So, it is suggested that subjects and contents related to moral intelligence may be included in the syllabus of second-year college students, as far as students practical involvement of students in social and moral activities may also helpful in increasing moral intelligence; it may also be developed and increased by motivational speakers, who may deliver speeches and lectures on moral intelligence topic. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Teacher Education, Qurtuba University of Science & information Technology Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Exploring-Gender-Differences-in-Moral-Intelligence-and-its-Effects-on-the-Learning-Outcomes-of-Second-Year-College-Students https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).40 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Exploring Learners' Attitudes Towards Demotivating Factors in Vocabulary Learning Noveen Javed Mamuna Ghani Demotivation Vocabulary learning Attitude Gender English as a Second language (ESL) The research study aimed to explore ESL learners’ attitudes towards demotivating factors in vocabulary learning. In order to explore what factors are affecting ESL learners’ vocabulary learning and to identify the difference between male and female learners’ attitude towards demotivating factors in the process of vocabulary learning. A total of 300 male and female learners participated in this study. Data was collected through a questionnaire and written remarks of participants. The obtained data was analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. On the bases of findings, different factors were reported as demotivating in vocabulary learning by male and female learners. The difference between male and female respondents’ attitudes towards various demotivating factors related to classroom was highly significant. In the light of above findings, the researcher suggests several recommendations for ESL learners and teachers. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of English, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Department of English, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/exploring-learners-attitudes-towards-demotivating-factors-in-vocabulary-learning- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).41 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Analyzing Writing Needs of MBA Students: A Case Study of IIUI Lubna Umar Umaima Kamran Saira Maqbool Needs Analysis Target Needs Business Communication Writing Skills This research aims to analyze written skills of students enrolled in Business Communication course by conducting a Needs Analysis survey. While focusing on the necessities, lacks and wants of learners, the current language proficiency of students was matched with the target level needed in business organizations. For this purpose, a needs analysis based on the target situation needs analysis model provided by Hutchinson and Waters (1987) was conducted. Two questionnaires were designed to collect data from learners and prospective business employers. Moreover, faculty members were interviewed to get an enriched data. A quantitative data was qualitatively analyzed to reveal that needs analysis is a neglected aspect of curriculum development in Pakistan and that the needs of students are not considered. Moreover, the written skills are being focused, but the current proficiency level of the learners does not match the target situation needs. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English Language and Applied Linguistics,Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of English,Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English Language and Applied Linguistics,Allama Iqbal Open Universit,y Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Analyzing-Writing-Needs-of-MBA-Students-A-Case-Study-of-IIUI https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).42 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Mediating Role of Social Support Between Job Stress and Job Performance of Lecturers (Physical Education) Muhammad Asghar khan Akhter Nawaz Gunjera Syed Zia Ul Islam Job Stress Job Performance Social Support and Lecturer Physical Education The research study aimed to investigate the role of social support as a mediator between job stress and job performance of lecturer physical education. All male and female 97 and 73 respectively were the target population of the study. For obtaining the desiredresult the researcher used descriptive research with cross-sectional research design. The research study was carried out through three different types of self-administered close-ended questionnaires. To test the hypothesis inferential statistical test was applied to draw the finding and conclusion and the process v3.3 by Andrew F. Hayes was used for mediation to obtain the desire result. The research study indicated that social support played a partial mediating role between job stressors and job performance of LPEs, as the coefficient value decrease but the connection between job stressors and job performance remain significant after adopting the social support as a mediator (.86). It was suggested that the same study may be conducted at university teachers, use qualitative method with a longitudinal research design to dig out unearth phenomena. Humanity Publications Instructor Physical Education,Sports Sciences and Physical Education,Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor,Department of Sports & Physical Education, University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Sports Sciences and Physical Education,Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Mediating-Role-of-Social-Support-Between-Job-Stress-and-Job-Performance-of-Lecturers-Physical-Education https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).43 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Attitudes about Interfaith Harmony: A Case Study of Muslims and Hindus social Relationship in District Swat Ihsan Ullah Khan Azizullah Jan Khalil Ur Rahman Nice Nexus Social Relationship Interfaith Harmony Interfaith Dialogue and Mutual Regards The position of the minority has been discussed in the context of contemporary developments. The interfaith harmony between majority and minority is much significant in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The study focused to assassinate the interfaith harmony between Muslims and Hindus in district Swat of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The main aim of the study is to investigate that either there exists harmony between both faith holders or not. Stratified random sampling was utilized as a strategy for information assortment. The sample size of 210 respondents was determined as per criteria design by Sekaran. The study carried out a univariate analysis to determine the interfaith harmony in frequency and percentage. The study helps to produce an environment conducive to the arrangement of equivalent financial, instructive and work openings. The study serves as a social gospel for the majority and minorities to mold their behaviors and increase their tolerance and thus to ensure a peaceful survival of both sides. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Sociology, FATA University, Dara Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Senior Certified Teacher,Department of Sociology,University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Sociology,Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Attitudes-about-Interfaith-Harmony-A-Case-Study-of-Muslims-and-Hindus-social-Relationship-in-District-Swat https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).44 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Children Television Viewing Patterns and Parental Media Literacy in Pakistan Attia Zulfiqar Noshina Saleem Faiza Latif Media Literacy; Rating System; Family Television Viewing Patterns This study examines the television viewing routines of children in Pakistan. Familial, as well as individual, television viewing patterns were explored. Explanations for the childrens content choice and parental rationales behind allowing free content consumption are listed. Parental media literacy, especially concerning the content rating system, was examined. 2000 Pakistani parents, of varying educational backgrounds, contributed to the survey. Accordingly: 16% of parents allow their children unsupervised television viewing. 86% of children watch for 1 to 3 hours, and 14% watch for 3 to 5 plus hours daily. Preferred childrens programs, at 96% (n= 1915/2000), in Pakistan, are cartoons and animated movies 77% (n=1548/2000). Children are allowed unadulterated viewing for entertainments sake. According to media literacy check, only 46% of parents know of the existence of rating systems. Highly educated parents are better informed, however, both genders are equally ignorant of what is age-appropriate in childrens shows Humanity Publications Student,Institute of Communication studies,University of Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Institute of Communication studies, University of Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant professor,Department of mass communications,Lahore College for Women University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Children-Television-Viewing-Patterns-and-Parental-Media-Literacy-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).45 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Effects of Communicative Teaching on Lab Report Writing Skills at Secondary Level Schools in Islamabad (Pakistan) Aftab Ahmad Abdul Majeed Khan Muhammad Samiullah Grammar Translation Method (GTM) English Language Teaching (ELT) Communicative Language Teaching Report Writing. The key objective of the research was to find the effect of communicative language teaching (CLT) on report writing skills among 9th graders. Relevant literature revealed that report writing skills can be enhanced with the help of communicative teaching. A quasi-experimentaldesign was used. To experiment, two classes from one school were selected conveniently. for gathering data to achieve the intended objective. Communicative lessons were intervention material. Results showed that communicative teaching had a significant effect on 9th graders skills of a laboratory report in terms of writing. The outcome of research tells that CLT is valuable for educationists. Further, it is recommended for the teaching of writing any literary genre. Humanity Publications Lecturer,Department of Science Education,Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education,University of Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,ECE&ETE,Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Effects-of-Communicative-Teaching-on-Lab-Report-Writing-Skills-at-Secondary-Level-Schools-in-Islamabad-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).46 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Identification of Factors Undermining the Teaching Learning Process in the Subject of Physics at Secondary Level in Pakistan Kifayat Khan Munir Khan Abdur Rashid Teaching Physics Undermining Factors Teaching-Learning Process Laboratory Implement Etc. The teaching of Physics involves theoretical as well as practical skills development of students at the secondary school level. The main aim of the study was to identify the factors that undermine the teaching-learning process in the subject of physics. All secondary schools science teachers were considered as the population of the study. Two hundred (200) science teachers (100 each male and female) were selected as the sample of the study through stratified random sampling techniques. Data was collected through a self-developed questionnaire of reliability coefficient 0.84 and were analyzed using statistical tools. The unavailability of physics: teacher, laboratory, classrooms, related books were concluded undermining factors. Lake of physics teachers and unfavorable working environment were found dominant in male teachers school than female. The educational authorities with the collaboration of the community can play their role to overcome these undermining factors in the subject of Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Education,University of Haripur, Haripur, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education,University of Malakand, Malakand, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Education,Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir Upper, KP, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/identification-of-factors-undermining-the-teaching-learning-process-in-the-subject-of-physics-at-secondary-level-in-pakistan- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).47 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Determination of Education and Training, Discipline, Leadership Style on Loyalty Through work Satisfaction of Pamong Praja Police Units Uniters in Bintan Regency Venny Harianti Chablullah Wibisono Indrayani Training Discipline Leadership Style and Job Satisfaction. The human resources strongly influence the success of an organization in achieving its goals at the management level (elements of the leader/officials), at the staff/employee level; it is one of the determining factors in the success of an organization. Proper discipline will have an impact on high loyalty. It is highly desirable to conduct research for finding relation between human resources and achievement of an organization. Researchers used data processing using SEM with AMOS version 24 software; the sample of respondents numbered 138. The value of square multiple correlation training, discipline, leadership style, and job satisfaction showed 2.90%. Thus, it can be stated that changes in loyalty are determined by the contribution of training,discipline, leadership style, and job satisfaction; by 2.90%, the remaining 7.10% is the contribution of other variables that have not been included in this study. Changes in loyalty are determined by the contribution of training, discipline. Humanity Publications Faculty of Economics, Batam University, Riau Islands, Indonesia. Faculty of Economics, Batam University, Riau Islands, Indonesia. Faculty of Economics, Batam University, Riau Islands, Indonesia. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Determination-of-Education-and-Training-Discipline-Leadership-Style-on-Loyalty-Through-work-Satisfaction-of-Pamong-Praja-Police-Units-Uniters-in-Bintan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).48 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Listening to the Whispers: Female Faculty and Work Environment in Universities of Southern Punjab, Pakistan Lubna Shoukat Tahira Altaf Esabzai Muhammad Waheed Work Environment Sex-Role Stereotypes Awareness of Rights Collaboration and Support and Capacity Building. This research explored the experiences of female university teachers regarding the culture of work environment in public sector universities of Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Findings are drawn through the questionnaire including six main dimensions of the workplace. The respondents ranked the factors under each dimension. The analyses of calculated ranks for factors lead to identify two main categories: tangible and intangible or elusive factors. The higher ranks for the tangible factors are indicators of the priorities of female university teachers while the lower ranks of the intangible factors exhibit the discomfort of female teachers. The female university teachers face conservative gender norms, male dominance, obstacles to be self-reliant and limited opportunities for active participation in research, academic, administrative activities. The results do not completely validate the prevailed impression of the exhortative work environment for female university teachers. Humanity Publications Assistant Professors, Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Deputy DEO (W) Tehsil Khanpur, District Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professors, Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/listening-to-the-whispers-female-faculty-and-work-environment-in-universities-of-southern-punjab-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).49 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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The Principle of non- Refoulement and its Role in the Protection of Refugees Muhammad Zubair Muhammad Aqeel Khan Muzamil Shah Forced return Nationality Persecution Political opinion and Race. The protection available to refugees under the principle of non-refoulement is a well-established rule of the customary international law; which means that they can'€™t be shiftedagainst their well to their country where their life is at risk. A person who avails the protection of the principle of non-refoulement and other protections guaranteed under the international refugee instruments is considered a refugee. This principle is well established both under the Refugee Convention 1951 and Convention against Torture (CAT) 1984. This research revolves around the question that if a country is not a signatory to any refugee related instrument at international level nor has any domestic law related to refugees, sothen what precludes such a nation from expelling a person or group of persons from their territory? The paper explores the various protections available to refugees in general and under the principle of non-refoulement in particular. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of Law, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Superintendent, Department of Law, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-principle-of-non-refoulement-and-its-role-in-the-protection-of-refugees https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).50 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Continuous Professional Development: A Source of Appropriate Learning Activities for Students Muhammad Ali Shaikh Stephen John Kamal Haider Continuous Professional Development; and Appropriate Learning Activities The purpose of this research study was to analyze the impact of professional development courses on teaching practices of the teachers A quantitative approach was adopted to solve the query, a questionnaire having close-ended questions was developed to collect data. The population of the study was teachers' trainers and heads of the institutions. The purpose of including trainers was to understand what types of courses offered by the teachers training institutes while inclusion heads to know about the changes found in the personalities of the teachers after attending a course. The analysis of collected data reveals that training institutes are offering general courses instead of subject-oriented courses, and resultantly teachers are unable to have appropriate subject related activities during their classroom teaching. Therefore, it is recommended that subject-oriented professional development courses should be designed for the teachers who will ultimately help teachers in using more appropriate activities during their teaching Humanity Publications Vice Chancellor, Media Studies and Communication Studies, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Education, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/continuous-professional-development-a-source-of-appropriate-learning-activities-for-students https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).51 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Internal Audit in the Power Sector of Pakistan Awais Tahir Wisal Ahmad Muhammad Mudassar Anwar Audit Committee Internal Audit Effectiveness Management Support Competencies This study is an attempt to explore those factors which influence the effectiveness of the internal audit in the power sector of Pakistan. The results of the study were obtained on the basis of data collected from internal audit staff members (103) and management (103) of the four large companies of the power sector. The relationship of three factors, i.e., competencies of auditor, management support and relation between the audit committee and internal audit, with the effectiveness of internal audit is studied. It is found that increased competencies of management support and internal auditor have a positive influence on the effectiveness of internal audit in the form of an increase in the implementation of internal audit recommendations proposed by the internal audit. Humanity Publications MBA Student, Institute of Management Sciences, Hayatabad, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KPK, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce, University of Kotli Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/factors-influencing-the-effectiveness-of-internal-audit-in-the-power-sector-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).52 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Over Population Shaped Escalation Settlement Acreage Region in Thar Desert, Pakistan Sujo Meghwar Muhammad Qasim Nizamani Farheen Qasim Nizamani Overpopulation Deterioration Cultural Dissemination Settlement Anthropogenic Human Degradation Overpopulation led to the deterioration condition for natural and cultural apprehension that is an alarm to land morphology. Thar desert headed the most populous region in the world in the distribution of the population of 44 people per square kilometres. These dense disseminations upsurge the settlement. The anthropogenic responses were analyzed in SPSS, and it results in a huge land degradation transpired. The GIS investigated a village that is spreading 36 square kilometres during 67 last years. It is directed the alarming situation in future. The study suggested overpopulation creates problems for land, human, the environment and wildlife through different characteristics. In the imminent of time, it caused the geomorphic shifting. Humanity Publications Assistant Professors, Department of Geography, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Media & Communication Studies, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Department of Media & Communication Studies, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/over-population-shaped-escalation-settlement-acreage-region-in-thar-desert-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).53 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Ethno-Nationality and Violence in Sindh: A Case Study of MQM Sanaullah Fakhr ul Munir Hina Malik Regionalism Ethnicity Muhajir MQM Karachi Violence Regionalism has oftenly expressed itself in terms which are opposed to national unity and integrity and challenged the legitimacy of the state while the rulers see it as a threat to development, progress and unity that is the why a regional issue of socio-political representation of Muhajirs has been projected in this paper. As in other states of South Asian region, factors of language and geography contributed a lot in ethnic identification in Pakistan as well which gave birth to various conflicts among different identities in different times and making the process of national integration vulnerable. Two Nation Theory and became successful in the existence of Pakistan but usually culture and language do not support only the development of a single ethno-nationalism aspirations in new republics. Clifford Gertz calls it as "old societies and new states" One of endeavors by an ethnic federation is the re-orientation of ethnic based collective action into non-violent politics. Unity among all peoples, linguistic or racial groups must be obtained and can be found within diverse ethno-cultural environment of Pakistan. Sindh has had long history of ethnic struggle. Humanity Publications Demonstrator, Department of Political Science, AWKUM, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Demonstrator, Department of Political Science, AWKUM, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Demonstrator, Department of Political Science, AWKUM, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/ethnonationality-and-violence-in-sindh-a-case-study-of-mqm https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).54 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Investigating ESL Learners' Motivation through ARCS Motivational Design Model Fareeha Javed Najam Us Saher Sana Baig Motivation ARCS Model English as Second Language Students Undergraduate Students Pakistan This research aimed to determine whether there exists a relationship between the four elements of Keller's ARCS motivation framework and undergraduate students' motivation to learn English as a second language. ARCS' is the acronym for Attention, Relevance, Confidence and Satisfaction. This study employed a quantitative approach and used a survey questionnaire for collecting data from 300 students enrolled in the undergraduate programs in four universities (two public sectors and two private sectors). The questionnaire was adapted from Keller (1987), Loorbach et al. (2015), Instructional Materials Motivation Survey (IMMS) and Wimolmas, (2013). The items were rated on a 5-point Likert Scale. SPSS software (v.23) was used to analyze the data. Demographic/background data was analyzed by running descriptive statistics. Overall, two main statistical analysis tests that are Pearson correlation analysis and Regression analysis were used in this study to determine the relationship among the variables of the study. The findings revealed that there is a significant positive relationship between all of the four factors of the ARCS model (attention, relevance, confidence and satisfaction) and undergraduate students' motivation to learn English as a second language. Humanity Publications Head of TESOL Department, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. MS Scholar, Department of TESOL, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of TESOL, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/investigating-esl-learners-motivation-through-arcs-motivational-design-model https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).56 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Improving English Language Proficiency of Graduate Students by Online Learning Apps available on Smartphone Shahida Naz Mamuna Ghani Shahid Nawaz Perception Online Learning Smart Learning Portable Learning Learning Apps The field of digital literacy is developing rapidly; consequently, the interest of researchers has also shifted now. The current research study was to explore the role of online learning Apps available on smartphones in improving graduate students' English language proficiency. Quantitative and qualitative research methods were used in this study. Data were collected through a questionnaire that had close-ended and open-ended questions. Questionnaires were distributed among 480 graduate-level students studying in 6 universities of Punjab, Pakistan. Data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 22.0) to find out results in the form of Percentage, Mean Score, Standard Deviation by applying the Independent Sample T-Test. The results of the study demonstrated the potential of Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) as an anticipatory approach to improving English language skills. Results showed that students were pleased to use smartphones to improve their English language proficiency. They responded positively about the role of smartphones in improving English language skills. On the basis of findings, the researcher concluded that smartphone plays an important role in improving students' English language proficiency. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of English, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Department of English, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/improving-english-language-proficiency-of-graduate-students-by-online-learning-apps-available-on-smartphone https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).57 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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International Anarchic Structure in Nuclearizing South Asia: An Analysis (1974-98) Robina Khan Ghulam Mustafa Muhammad Imran International Anarchic Structure Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty International Atomic Energy Agency Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Confidence Building Measures. This explanatory research aimed at analyzing the nuclearization of south Asia using the framework of 'third level of analysis' named 'international anarchic structure' by Kenneth Waltz. South Asia is the home to 1/3rd of the global population, out of which around 41% population lives under poverty line. Historical intra-state rivalries, personal political ambitions and the crucial geostrategic locality made the region extremely attractive for major powers since the de-colonialization of the sub-continent. The cold war antagonism offered extra space and shelter in acquiring nuclear capabilities to both India and Pakistan. India's first nuclear test in 1974, putting aside all the international nuclear proliferation efforts, provided legitimacy to Pakistan's nuclear designs. Moreover, the global powers once achieved their objectives in 1989, left the region on its own fate. Almost decade long pattern of confrontation-crisis-negotiations resulted in nuclear tests in 1998 by the two south Asian states while ignoring CTBT. Inclusion of nuclear weapons brought about unprecedented threats and the region became 'nuclear flash point. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Political Science and International Relations,Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science and IR,Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Visiting Lecturer,Department of Political Science and IR, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/International-Anarchic-Structure-in-Nuclearizing-South-Asia-An-Analysis-1974-98 https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Analysis of 'Editorial Treatment' of US Drone Attacks by the Prominent English Dailies in Pakistan Arshad Ali Sobia Abid Muhammad Zahid Bilal Editorial Treatment Drone Attacks English Dailies Content Analysis Drone attacks inside Pakistan remained the core issue in international relations and communication scholarship. This study aims to investigate the editorial treatment of US drone attacks inside Pakistan. The researcher has employed a content analysis method to examine the frequency and themes within the editorial published by The Nation and Daily Times from February 18th 2008 to February 28th 2011. The study found that Daily Times supports the Pakistani government stance on US drone attacks inside Pakistan and The Nation as opponent to the government regarding US drone attacks inside Pakistan. The findings imply that media in Pakistan is presenting diverse and pluralistic voices on political issues specifically on an international issue of drone attacks. In this way, its role in public opinion formations cannot be under estimated in the working democracy of Pakistan. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Center for Media and Communication Studies,University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer,Center for Media and Communication Studies, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Communication Studies,University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/analysis-of-editorial-treatment-of-us-drone-attacks-by-the-prominent-english-dailies-in-pakistan- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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CPEC and Regional Integration Sabahat Jaleel Naureen Talha Zahir Shah Regional Integration Economic Corridor Power Politics OBOR China-Pakistan Economic Corridor is an emerging debate. This project called a game-changer for Pakistan-China and for whole region. The main argument based on the phenomena of economic interdependence established peace and integration in the region. The new world order revolves around economic power rather than nuclear power. The economic strength is playing a significant role in regional integration and peace. The CPEC project based on both economic and strategic aspects. This project deals the growing economic interdependence and the phenomena of power politics in South Asia. The CPEC is important part of Chinas Marshall plan OBOR and providing a win-win situation for all states of region. This study contributes that how growing economic interdependence through CPEC established peace and integration for whole region. This study based on field survey and discourse analysis. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, National Institute of Pakistan Studies,Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor,National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Political Science,Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/CPEC-and-Regional-Integration https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Analysis of Question Papers of Physics on Bloom Taxonomy at Secondary Level Javed Iqbal Obaid Ullah Muhammad Nisar Cognitive Domain Physics Papers Secondary Level Bloom Taxonomy This research reviewed the question-based papers on secondary-school physics on cognitive taxonomy in the Bloom area between 2014 and 2018 and considered that the papers of the BISE Rawalpindi were merely memorized fact tests or all the cognitive domain categories. In this report, the experts have provided different targets in the papers for evaluation purposes. The research population was the question papers of Physics of class 10 since the last five years. The papers were analyzed by a group of five experts. The research tool was the questionnaire which was critically analyzed by the experts and identified the marks allotted to various categories of cognitive domain. Simple percentage method was used to calculate the allotted marks. The major objectives were to analyze the question papers of Physics with reference to knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Development, Karakoram International University (KIU), Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Education, NUML, Islamabad, Pakistan. Principal, Model High School, Shakardarra, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Analysis-of-Question-Papers-of-Physics-on-Bloom-Taxonomy-at-Secondary-Level https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Muslims and Islam: Freeze Framed Discourses in Hollywood during 1978-2013 Abida Noureen Sajjad Ahmad Paracha Hollywood. Muslims Islam Freeze Frame Discourse Hollywood movies have revealed dramatic and varying status of Islam and Muslims, calling them as magical carpets to mummified leadership and, ultimately global bastion of terrorism. Various researchers consider Hollywood film industry as a reflection to construct public opinion in the cinema industry and, it creates crucial slots that rely on emotive and evocative imagination adjustable to stereotypic approach. Many other researchers believe that such stereotypical conception against Arabs (Muslims) roles in US movies later 11th of September attacks prove damaging depictions, notorious recognition of Arabic ethnicity and Islamic religion like harming ideology contrary to past perceptions. However, majority of these researches stress mostly on the movies narratives and could not get triumph or understanding or evaluating the audiences or their reaction to it. Moreover, majority of researchers stress mere the Arabic identity at suitable time to analyze the representation of Islam in movies, neglecting other nations where, Islam is being followed. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Media Studies,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan Associate Professor,Department of Media Studies,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Muslims-and-Islam-Freeze-Framed-Discourses-in-Hollywood-during-1978-2013 https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Cultural Adjustment of Somalian and Chinese Students at IIUI Pakistan: A Comparative Study Saadia Dilshad Samina malik Cultural adaptation Somalian students Chinese students Studying at a higher education institution can be stressful, particularly for international students, who leave their homes to study in another country. Some students adjust more rapidly than others. This study explored the difference between the cultural adaptation of Chinese and Somalian students at IIUI Pakistan. The key objective of the study was to explore the pace of cultural adaptation of two foreign students from two different regions at IIUI. It was a purposeful qualitative study The population was all the Chinese and Somalian students studying in IIUI BS program in faculty of social sciences. A universal sampling technique was used to select 55 Chinese and 55 Somalian students for the study. The self-developed questionnaire used to collect the data. The analysis showed that there is significant difference between the pace of cultural adaptation of Chinese and Somali students at International Islamic University. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Education,International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Professor,Department of Education,International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Cultural-Adjustment-of-Somalian-and-Chinese-Students-at-IIUI-Pakistan-A-Comparative-Study https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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An Analysis of the Development of Learner Autonomy among EFL Learners through Language Learning Diaries in the Context of Punjab (Pakistan) Ayesha Butt Uzma Quraishi Asma Shahid Kazi Autonomy Development Program English as a Foreign Language Foreign Language Learning Language Learning Strategies Learner Autonomy Learner autonomy refers to a state where a learner takes charge of the learning. The students in foreign language classrooms are still much relying on their teachers and take less responsibility for their own learning. The present study is quasi-experimental research that designed an autonomous learning program to develop autonomy among Pakistani foreign language learners. The study aimed at examining the development of autonomy among learners through analyzing their language learning diaries. The target population of the study was tertiary level students of Lahore, Punjab (Pakistan) and the sample was the tertiary level students of a public sector women university of Lahore. The autonomy development program was implemented as an intervention for 27 weeks. The data was collected through the language learning diaries during the program and was analyzed descriptively. The analyses of the student diaries revealed that the autonomy development program proved to be successful. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor,Institute of Education,Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Education, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/An-Analysis-of-the-Development-of-Learner-Autonomy-among-EFL-Learners-through-Language-Learning-Diaries-in-the-Context-of-Punjab-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Evaluating the Use of Educational Technologies by Secondary School Teachers for Effective Service Delivery in Pakistan Muhammad Shakir Syed Zubair Haider Rafaquat Ali Educational Technologies Effective Service Delivery The existing study attempts to evaluate the use of educational technology by secondary school teachers for effective service delivery in Pakistan. The major purpose of this endeavor was (a) to trace out the secondary school teachers competencies regarding educational technologies; (b) to observe and record proficient use of teachers educational technology for effective service delivery in Pakistan. The study was based on descriptive research design and observational checklist was used to analyze the secondary school teacher skills in term of effective use of educational technologies. A sample of 453 respondents (Secondary School Teachers) was selected by using multiple stage sampling technique. On the base of analysis of the study, most of the teachers were found weak in using educational technologies while teaching. As audio visual aids adds new attraction and interest in the process of teaching and learning and students can get knowledge in pleasant environment. Humanity Publications Lecturer,Educational Training,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Educational Training,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Bahawalnagar Campus,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Evaluating-the-Use-of-Educational-Technologies-by-Secondary-School-Teachers-for-Effective-Service-Delivery-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Examining the Spending Patterns of Compensated Displaced Households (CDHs): Empirical Evidence from DiamerBasha Dam Site Arsalan Ahmad Khan Saranjam Baig Abid Hussain Diamer-Basha Dam Private Land Compensation Communal Compensation Spending Patterns This research has two objectives. First, it explores the spending patterns of the households who receive monetary compensation for their land that government takes over for initiating national projects; in our case, it is about building the countrys largest dam. Second, it examines what we call the demonstration effects. Literature abounds with cases examining behaviors of internally displaced individuals while the opposite is true for the compensated displaced households. This is the backdrop, this research carried out a field survey to collect data for 192 households. The compensation received is divided into communal land compensation and private land compensation. In line with arguments with the Keynesian consumption function that provides the theoretical foundation to our empirical work, findings suggest a positive and significant correlation between spending patterns and private land compensation while the communal compensation appears to be insignificant. Education and one out of two demonstration effects have positive influence on spending behaviors. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of Economics, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Karakorum International University, Gilgit, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Economics,Karakorum International University, Gilgit, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Examining-the-Spending-Patterns-of-Compensated-Displaced-Households-CDHs-Empirical-Evidence-from-DiamerBasha-Dam-Site https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Relationship of Pedagogical Skills and Content Knowledge with Pedagogical Design Capacity in Higher Education of Pakistan Samina Rafique Shamsa Aziz Pedagogical Skills Content Knowledge Pedagogical Design Capacity Pedagogical content knowledge is a special type of knowledge possessed by the teachers that not only unravels the teachers understanding of the content but also explains how to teach content (Knowledge of Pedagogy) effectively. The purpose of study was to check the relationship of teacher educators pedagogical content knowledge and pedagogical skills with their pedagogical design capacity. Purposive sampling technique was applied for selecting 200 teachers educators of the Departments of Education of public universities of Punjab and colleges of education in Pakistan. The questionnaire was used for data collection and Pearsons correlation used for data analysis.The results revealed that a significant and moderate relationship existed between teachers PCK and PDC. The result showed a significant and strong relationship between teachers PS and PDC. It is concluded there was a noteworthy and moderate connection between educators PCK and their PDC and positive connection existed between educators PCK, PS, and their PDC. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. Chairperson, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Education, International Islamic University, Islamabad Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Relationship-of-Pedagogical-Skills-and-Content-Knowledge-with-Pedagogical-Design-Capacity-in-Higher-Education-of-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Role of Organizational Public Relations in Image Building of Publics: A Case Study of Coca Cola Pakistan Ejaz Ahmed Abdul Wajid Khan Image Building Public Relations Organizational Public Relations PR Campaign The Public Relations is becoming more demanding with the diverse practices during recent years. An organization is considered stronger because of effective PR. PR experts are working to enhance the effectiveness of an organization while eliminating the deficiencies of PR which directly affects the organizational strength. This paper aims to explore how effectively public relations build image of its organization, how it gratify its public, refining its policies on the basis of active feedback. Specifically, the purpose was to measure the relationship among organization, employees and its publics. The data was collected through survey method from Coca Cola Pakistan via closed ended questionnaire and taking into account the influence of public opinion. This study concludes with the importance of the prime position of public relations in an organization and its publics in constructing a quality relation and a good image. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Media Studies, The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Media Studies,The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Role-of-Organizational-Public-Relations-in-Image-Building-of-Publics-A-Case-Study-of-Coca-Cola-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Breadth of EFL Vocabulary Building at Secondary Level in Pakistan: A Corpus-based Perspective Shamim Akhter Behzad Anwar Abrar Hussain Qureshi Corpus; frequency list; EFL; learning strategies; vocabulary. Vocabulary learning is one of the challenging tasks in a foreign language classroom. In order to make this process motivating and friendly, one of the useful techniques is to unburden the teacher and to provide the learners with maximum autonomy. Graves (2007) asserts that EFL learners should have the vocabulary size of approximately 3,000 to 6,000 English words. The undertaken study is an attempt in this regard to determine the breadth of the EFL vocabulary at secondary level. A corpus of Pakistani English has been compiled in this regard. In order to process data, Wordsmith Tools, a statistical method for analyzing corpus data, has been used to retrieve the frequency list. Afterwards, the results have been analysed with SPSS. The findings establish the fact that the determining the breadth of vocabulary with the help of corpus is very significant in developing EFL vocabulary at secondary level. Humanity Publications Researcher,Department of English, Institute of Southern Punjab, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of English,University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor,Department of English Institute of Southern Punjab, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Breadth-of-EFL-Vocabulary-Building-at-Secondary-Level-in-Pakistan-A-Corpus-based-Perspective https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Extracting the Mediation Model of Perceived Organizational Support in the Relationship between HRM Practices and Organizational Commitment of Bankers in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan): A Review Paper Zia ur Rehman Aziz Javed Khalid Rehman HRM Practices Organizational Commitment Perceived Organizational Support Demographic. Human resource management is one of the necessary tools of todays modern organizations. Businesses without a trained and skillful human resource (HR) are far left behind in competition and market share. The fundamental role of HR and human resource systems are to hunt, hire and train professionals for different business structures and sections. Without proper and professional team of human resource, organizations simply become machines and thus do not survive in the long run. This paper has been designed to review the existing literature available on HRM practices, organizational commitment, perceived organizational support and demographic attributes to extract the mediation model. Humanity Publications Teacher,Worker Welfare Board, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,institute of Business Administration,Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Department of Public Administration,Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Extracting-the-Mediation-Model-of-Perceived-Organizational-Support-in-the-Relationship-between-HRM-Practices-and-Organizational-Commitment-of-Bankers-i https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Learning Entrepreneurship: A Study of Instructional Practices in Business Education and Entrepreneurial Skills of Business Graduates in Pakistan Nasir Shaheen Nasir Ahmad Sajjad Hussain Entrepreneurship Instructional Methods Entrepreneurial Skills Entrepreneurship Education This study intended to investigate the instructional practices at business schools and the learning of entrepreneurial skills. The objectives of the study were: to find out prevailing instructional practices of business educators, entrepreneurship skills of business graduates and the relationship of instructional practices with entrepreneurial skills. The population of the study comprised of business educators and business graduates of the province Khyber Pakhtunkhwa of Pakistan. The data was collected through two self-developed questionnaires from 79 business educators and 170 business graduates. The results revealed that traditional instructional practices are used by majority of business educators. However some of the business educators used modern instructional practices. The traditional instructional practices have negative relationship with entrepreneurial skills while modern instructional practices have positive relationship with entrepreneurial skills. It was recommended that training may be provided to the business educators to enhance their pedagogical competencies for teaching entrepreneurial skills. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Centre for management and commerce, University of Swat, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Center for Education & Staff Training,University of Swat, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Center for Education & Staff Training, University of Swat, KP, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Learning-Entrepreneurship-A-Study-of-Instructional-Practices-in-Business-Education-and-Entrepreneurial-Skills-of-Business-Graduates-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Freedom of Expression versus Blasphemy: A Comparative Study of Pakistan and United States’ News Media Tasaddaq Hussain Muhammad Aslam Pervez Syed Inamur Rahman Blasphemy Freedom of Expression Washington Post Los Angeles Times Dawn Express Tribune Consistency and Discord. This study compares the freedom of expression exercised by news media of the United States and the Pakistan; with reference to the controversial movie trailer "Innocence of Muslims"; released on You-tube by July 1, 2012. Content analysis research design is applied. Our time frame is September 11-30, 2012 and 50 opinion articles from the Washington post, the Los Angeles Times, Dawn and the Express Tribune are our sample. The framing theory is applied; consistency and discord frame category system is adopted. Dominant frames and their changing trends in different quarters of the timeframe are studied. It was found that discord frame was dominant frame on both sides. The vitality of the discord and consistency frame coverage in Pakistani media was higher than United States' media. The US media was consistency oriented whereas PN media was discord oriented. However, overall trend of both media were found leaning towards the settlement. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Media and Communication Studies,Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Professor,Department of Media and Communication Studies, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Media and Communication Studies,International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Freedom-of-Expression-versus-Blasphemy-A-Comparative-Study-of-Pakistan-and-United-States-News-Media https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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The Effects of Dictionary Vocabulary Learning Versus Contextual Vocabulary Acquisition on the Vocabulary Development of Pakistani EFL Learners Sameera Ayub Bhatti Ayesha Butt Afifa Khanam English as a foreign language (EFL) Dictionary Vocabulary Learning (DVL) Contextual Vocabulary Acquisition (CVA) Vocabulary Development The vocabulary of a language refers to the range of words used in it. A number of strategies are used in EFL classrooms to teach vocabulary, where the most common are Dictionary Vocabulary Learning (DVL) and Contextual Vocabulary Acquisition (CVA) The present study investigates the difference between the vocabulary development of EFL learners undergone the mentioned strategies. The study is experimental and the population is the BS students of Punjab (Pakistan). The sample was forty EFL students, divided as group 1 and group 2, where group 1 was taught by using DVL while group 2 was taught by CVA. Pre and Post tests were used to see the effects of DVL on group 1 and of CVA on group 2. Results indicated that the vocabulary development of the students taught by using CVA was higher than the students taught by DVL. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Lahore School of Accountacy and Finance, The University of Lahore (UOL), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor,TESOL, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education,Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/The-Effects-of-Dictionary-Vocabulary-Learning-Versus-Contextual-Vocabulary-Acquisition-on-the-Vocabulary-Development-of-Pakistani-EFL-Learners https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Emotional Intelligence and Teaching Practices of University Teachers Misbah Iqbal Mushtaq Ahmad Sahibzada Shamim ur Rasul Emotional Intelligence Teaching Practices General Public Universities The aim of the research was to explore the role of emotional intelligence in teaching practices of the teachers in universities. The teaching faculty of all the general public universities of Punjab was the population of the study. By using multistage random sampling technique, five general public universities of Punjab were selected randomly. After this four departments were randomly selected from five randomly selected faculties from each university. After this, 50% faculty members were randomly selected from each faculty . Two research instruments were developed; one for emotional intelligenc e and the second checklist for teaching practices of teachers in univers ities. The research instruments were validated through expert opinions and pilot testing and reliability coefficient were Humanity Publications Lecturer,Department of Education,University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education,University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Education, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Emotional-Intelligence-and-Teaching-Practices-of-University-Teachers https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Professional Qualifications and Competencies of Teacher Educators and Subject Teachers of Education: Gender Wise Analysis Fatima Zahoor Nabi Bux Jumani Samina Malik Professional Qualification Competencies Subject Teachers of Education Teachers Educators The present study analyzed the gender-wise professional qualifications and competencies of teacher educators and subject teachers of education. The respondents were categorized into three groups in order to measure their competencies and professional qualification. These were Heads / Principals, Teacher Educators and Subject Teachers of Education and their students. Questionnaires and personal profile prorforma were used as instruments for data collection. T-test and Percentage were applied for the purpose of analysis. The data analysis states most of the male and female subject teachers of education and teachers educators do not have any professional qualification as well as competencies of the male teachers is significantly different from female teachers. Male teachers were competent and efficient as compared to female teachers. It is suggested to the male and female teachers to get professional qualifications for improving their level of qualification. Moreover, female teachers need to enhance their competencies for competing for male teachers in the field of teaching. Humanity Publications Research Scholar,Department of Education, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Education,International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan Professor,Department of Education,International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Professional-Qualifications-and-Competencies-of-Teacher-Educators-and-Subject-Teachers-of-Education:-Gender-Wise-Analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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The Antecedents of Burnout in Heads of Secondary Schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: A Study of Relationships among Burnout, Organizational Commitment and Emotional Intelligence Tahira Bibi Afshan Huma Burnout Organizational Commitment Emotional Intelligence Heads Secondary Schools Occupational burnout, according to Hanisah (2019), is an increasingly important phenomenon in Asian countries. School education departments are no exception. The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of burnout among the heads of secondary schools in KPK. This study also investigates the correlation of burnout, emotional intelligence and organizational commitment. The sample of this study comprised 336 head teachers (168 males and 168 females) of secondary schools in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Stratified sampling technique was used to select the sample. The research instruments included Copenhagen burnout inventory, Wong and law emotional intelligence scale, Allen and Meyer organizational commitment. For hypothesis testing, Pearson Correlation Coefficient test was chosen. The study concluded that a significant number of heads were experiencing moderate level of burnout. The findings also revealed that the correlation among burnout, organizational commitment and emotional intelligence was significant among the heads of secondary schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Humanity Publications Senior Teacher,Department of Educational Planning,Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Educational Planning,Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/The-Antecedents-of-Burnout-in-Heads-of-Secondary-Schools-of-Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa-A-Study-of-Relationships-among-Burnout-Organizational-Commitment-and-Emo https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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The Influence of SMS Language on Academic Writing: A Study at University Level in South Punjab, Pakistan Akbar Ali Abdul Khaliq Fazal Hanan Professional Qualification Competencies Subject Teachers of Education Teachers Educators Text messaging language is taking the place of Standard English language which is applied as a source of communication via cell phone. It is emerging in the form of a new language. It is influencing the formal writing of the learners. Keeping in view the above-mentioned purpose, the current study was planned to find out the influence of it on academic writing.27 University English language teachers and 160 students were the Participants of the study. Data were collected through two questionnaires. Collected data was analyzed through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results revealed that students are inclined to the use of SMS language as it is easy to use. It is an easy, convenient and speedy way of communication. The findings also showed that teachers and students are fully aware of the negative influence of text messaging on their academic writing. It is spoiling the punctuation, spelling and sentence structure of the English language. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English,University of FATA, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Social & Allied Sciences,CUVAS Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Sociology,FATA University, KP, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/The-Influence-of-SMS-Language-on-Academic-Writing-A-Study-at-University-Level-in-South-Punjab-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).20 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Lyotardian Language Games: A Postmodernist Critique of Our Lady of Alice Bhatti Ayesha Ashraf Awan Munawar Iqbal Ahmad Sundes Bashir Postmodernism Metanarratives Science Enlightenment Lyotard Language Games This research seeks to analyze Our Lady of Alice Bhatti in the light of Lyotardian language games. The novel is written by Muhammad Hanif who is arenowned Pakistani novelist and writer. The novel, through language games, subverts the master narratives of nation, science, justice, culture, and faith. This research explores the role of language to interpret, understand and communicate in the postmodern world as in todays world every idea exists in the form of signs or language. This reading explores the novel through textual analysis, and it is qualitative and exploratory. It ends with the findings and recommendations for further research. Humanity Publications Lecturer,Department of English, NUML Islamabad, Pakistan. Professor,Department of English,Air University Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, The University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Lyotardian-Language-Games-A-Postmodernist-Critique-of-Our-Lady-of-Alice-Bhatti https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).21 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Practices of Multicultural Education among the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities at University of Management and Technology Lahore Arshad Ali Khan Amina Khalid Faiza Abid Multicultural Education Multicultural Competency Diverse Culture The aim of this research is to analyze practices in multicultural education among faculty of UMT, Lahore campus. To achieve the aim of study, the data was collected from 33 faculty members of the SSH department of UMT through purposive sampling. The closed-ended questionnaire with 5 Likert scale was used as an instrument to collect the data along with it a semi-structured interview was conducted to achieve the triangulation. Furthermore, the framework focuses on the different dimensions of multiethnic schooling created by Bank (2006, 2010). Data gathered through questionnaire was analyzed quantitatively while the data collected through semi-structured interview was analyzed qualitatively. The study revealed that the teachers are more focusing on content integration and equity pedagogy as compared the facts creation and prejudice reduction. As far as the empowerment of ethos and communal construction of UMT concerned with most teacher that are in favor of it. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Linguistics and Communication,University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Linguistics and Communication,University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor,Department of Linguistics and Communication,University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Practices-of-Multicultural-Education-among-the-Faculty-of-Social-Sciences-and-Humanities-at-University-of-Management-and-Technology-Lahore https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).22 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Quality and Standards of Pakistan Studies Curriculum at Master Level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Tabassum Mehboob Abdullah Khan Amjad Reba Quality Standard Pakistan Studies Curriculum Master Level. The main aim of the study was to explore the quality and standards of the curriculum at the master level in different institutes of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The interview schedule was prepared for the collection of data from five subject specialists, experts. The analytic approach was used for the analysis of data. The data was codedinto predetermined categories related to the theme. The results show that the curriculum of Pakistan studies enables the students to acquire and apply the concepts of Pakistan Studies to the problems of the world they live in. The result also provided that the curriculum of Pakistan Studies highlights the importance of national integration, unity and patriotism. There is no proper balance, for instance, most of the subject has been given the orientation of history, while Pakistan Study is not history it is supposed to be a very balanced composition of different subjects. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Pakistan Study Centre,University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Professor,Pakistan Study Centre, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Institute of Education & Research (IER),University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Quality-and-Standards-of-Pakistan-Studies-Curriculum-at-Master-Level-in-Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).23 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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A Study of Linkages between Fiscal Decentralization and Macroeconomic Performance in Pakistan (2000-2015) Ghulam Muhammad Mangnejo Muhammad Saleem Rahpoto Fiscal Decentralization Linkages Economic Growth Estimation This study has mainly examined the association “between Fiscal decentralization and Macroeconomic performance in” Pakistan. “The time series data 1980 to 2018 has been used for the above-stated purpose”. This empirical study has used the Eviews 9 software and estimation technique regression for the empirical analysis. “The study has found the significant association between Macroeconomic performance and fiscal decentralization in the” country. The “chief variables of fiscal decentralization are revenue transfer to the provinces and revenue generated by federating units and results of both variables” suggest the higher extent of fiscal devolution. The horizontal resource distribution mechanism among the provinces and vertical resources sharing method between provinces and federal has remained a very hot and blistering subject of debate since the inception of the country. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar,Department of Economics,Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan Professor,Department of Economics,Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/A-Study-of-Linkages-between-Fiscal-Decentralization-and-Macroeconomic-Performance-in-Pakistan-2000-2015 https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).24 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Impact of Work Environment on Professional Integrity: A Case Study of Journalists in Islamabad Gohar Ali Zubair Shafiq The Professional Profile Working Environment Professional Integrity Professional Independence The Safety of Journalists Professional Integrity This study aims to explore the working environment of Pakistani journalists in Islamabad by analyzing their opinion on media freedom and professional autonomy. It also aims to highlight the limitations and difficulties faced by these journalists while performing their professional duties. To achieve these aims, focus groups and in-depth interviews of media professionals were conducted. The focus group consisted of seven experienced journalists whereas in-depth interviews involved five male and three female journalists of the same city for a comprehensive understanding of their viewpoints and true insight of their position. Results showed all the respondents (male and female) from Islamabad city were not satisfied with their working environment, safety, and security. Not only their salaries were found insufficient for their personal needs yet they were facing certain threats from various pressure groups. The study found that their employers did not provide the minimum required safety and security against these threats. Humanity Publications PhD Candidate,Department of Media Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Media Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Impact-of-Work-Environment-on-Professional-Integrity-A-Case-Study-of-Journalists-in-Islamabad https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).25 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Treatment of Developmental Journalism in Pakistani and Indian Press: A Comparative Study of Daily Dawn, Times of India, Jung and Daily Sahafat Tanveer Hussain Ghulam Shabir Development Treatment Placement Prominence Communication The study is designed to investigate the treatment of developmental issues in Pakistani and Indian Newspapers from 2012 to 2014.The overall news coverage of developmental issues remained less in term of number of published news, less in term of prominent placement, less in term of space and less in term of international developmental coverage. However, the ratio of developmental issues remained favorable. The results of the study showed that the attention is not being given to the developmental issues in Pakistani and Indian print media so its recommends development journalism and trainings of journalists in both countries for the prosperity and development. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Media Studies, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Media Studies,Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Treatment-of-Developmental-Journalism-in-Pakistani-and-Indian-Press-A-Comparative-Study-of-Daily-Dawn-Times-of-India-Jung-and-Daily-Sahafat https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).26 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Challenges to Indus Waters Treaty and Options for Pakistan Muhammad Nawaz Bhatti Ghulam Mustafa Muhammad Waris Indus Waters Treaty Challenges India Pakistan Options for Pakistan. The Indus water treaty was signed on 19th September 1960 by India and Pakistan under the aegis of the World Bank. Bilateral principles regarding water apportionment between both states were ensured by the Treaty. As a result, waters of the eastern rivers; Sutlej, Beas and Ravi, were assigned exclusively to India, while Pakistan received exclusive water rights of the western rivers; the Indus, Jhelum and Chenab but India is allowed to irrigate some specific land in Indian occupied Jammu and Kashmir and to generate hydroelectric power through run-off-the river projects. Following the Uri incident, the Indian government and media are generating ideas to discard the Indus water treaty. This paper focuses on legal and international implications if India attempts to unilaterally revoke the Treaty. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of Politics & International Relations,University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor,Political Science & International Relations,Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,History and Pakistan Studies,Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Challenges-to-Indus-Waters-Treaty-and-Options-for-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).27 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Dynamics of U.S. Pakistan Bilateral Relations: An Empirical Analysis after U.S. War on Terror Tajamal Rashid Rana Rizwan Ullah Kokab USA Pakistan Aid Interests Conversion Diversion. During the first 15 years of twenty-first century, under the reflections of War on Terror the relations between United States of America (USA) and Pakistan turned from warm to the coldest and then to be very close allies. During the concerned period the USA increasingly let Pakistan have its assistance in military as well as civilian domains. Highlighting the losses incurred to the USA and Pakistan in the War on Terror, this paper shows up the concerns of the USA in Pakistan during this period that instigated the USA to assist Pakistan. Meanwhile the hurdles to USA in providing assistance are identified. This paper also undertakes a brief survey of the USAs military and civil assistance. The review leads to conclusion that the assistance declined in the later five years. The assistance was only given for the motives of the war on terror and not on humanitarian grounds. Humanity Publications PhD student,History and Pakistan Studies,Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,History and Pakistan Studies,Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Dynamics-of-US-Pakistan-Bilateral-Relations-An-Empirical-Analysis-after-US-War-on-Terror https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).28 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Combating Poverty: Achieving SDGs in Tharparkar Roomi Saeed Hayat Anwaar Mohyuddin Poverty Sustainable Development Goals Policy Degradation Migration Fight against poverty and sustainable development has equal importance in todays development discourse. This paper explores the relationship between poverty and sustainable development and how they can be inclined to achieve Sustainable development goals. Economic factors have also been explored in this paper and the social, economic and behavioral improvement which only the improvement of the economic factors can bring to the locale. It has also been observed that poverty is mainly the factor that causes problems when addressed social problems that can be minimized. Poverty counts on the basic necessities of life for individuals improving it can improve the locale. In the end, the discussion is concluded and measures are suggested which can be adopted to make the poverty reduction strategies more effective. Humanity Publications Chief Executive Officer (CEO),Department of Anthropology,Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Combating-Poverty-Achieving-SDGs-in-Tharparkar https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).29 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Prevalence of Cyber Bullying and its Effect on Adolescents: A Literature Review Fouzia Parveen Abid Shahzad Sobia Altaf Cyber Bullying Effect Adolescents Literature While forms of traditional bullying have been declining over the past two decades, cyber bullying has emerged as a modern form of bullying in recent times. Previous research studies have not been developed much on the issue of cyber bullying. The current study reviews the relevant research studies as the excessive usage of social media and by young people and different themes have been carried out from the help of the existing literature. The present study has synthesised current literature on: i) prevalence of cyber bullying among adolescents ii) huge level of cyber bullying occurrences in educational institutions iii) people who are more prone to be the victims and perpetrators iv) effects of cyber bullying on adolescence v) preventive measures for the wellbeing of Pakistani adolescents. In this article, the researcher reviews the literature related to cyber bullying conducted between the years from 2000 to 2019. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, The Islamic University Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education, The Islamic University Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar,Department of Education,The Islamic University Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Prevalence-of-Cyber-Bullying-and-its-Effect-on-Adolescents-A-Literature-Review https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).30 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Pakistan on FATFs Grey List: Terrorist Financing Perspective Abid Hussain Financing of terrorism Sources of funds Channels of fund transfer Financial Action Task Force CFT regime. Pakistan is facing great challenges of terrorism which have posed serious threats towards integrity and stability of the country. It is unanimously agreed that finance serves as lifeline for execution of terrorist activities. Terrorist groups generate funds through multiple sources and transfer them by exploiting the loopholes existing in financial system. Despite, Pakistan has taken sufficient steps to counter the financing of terrorism (CFT), nonetheless, money is still transmitting due to some regulatory flaws of the financial system. Owing to terrorist financing related deficiencies, Pakistan has been placed on the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) “Grey list”. FATF has warned Pakistan to be blacklisted if precipitate actions to address TF related deficiencies are not taken until February 2020. The paper evaluates the present CFT legal framework and recommends certain legal initiatives required to be taken by Pakistan prior dead line of February 2020. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Law,University of Karachi, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Pakistan-on-FATFs-Grey-List-Terrorist-Financing-Perspective https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).31 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Regional Inequalities, Childhood Socioeconomic Conditions and Adult Life Outcomes-Evidence from Pakistan Fahim Nawaz Noor Jehan Salma Khan Regional inequalities early life conditions adult outcomes The circumstances during early years of life wieldasignificant impact on adult life outcomes by influencing and altering the cognitive, social and personality development of individuals. While these, in turn, are determined largely by the parental socioeconomic status which, in great part, depends on prosperity of the regions within which they dwell. This study assessed the relationship among regional inequalities, its influence on early life conditions and the consequent transmission toadult life in the shape of socioeconomic outcomes. For this purpose, secondary data on Pakistans regional, economic and sociodemographic indicators was utilized. Results confirmed the significance of regional disparities over living conditions at the start of life and lifelongsocioeconomic outcomes. A just spread of the economic pie among the regions can improve socioeconomic and living conditions at individual level. This can have favorable implications in the shape of healthy and productive adults. Humanity Publications Doctoral Fellow,Department of Economics,University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Deparment of Economics,Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Office Assistant, Treasurer Office, Backa Khan University, Charsadda, KP, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/regional-inequalities-childhood-socioeconomic-conditions-and-adult-life-outcomesevidence-from-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).32 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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NDTs in Non-native English: A Syntactic Analysis Bisma Butt Behzad Anwar Non- native English Comparative study Syntactic Analysis NDTs Verb complementation in New Englishes perspective has attracted extensive scholarly attention (Nihalani et al., 2004). A valuable deviation due to emergence of locally characteristic linguistic patterns in Pakistani English can be captured in the domain of verb complementation called New Ditransitives (NDTs) (Bernaisch & Koch, 2015), on a broad syntactic level, NDTs are verbs used in double-object construction in new Englishes but not in standard British English. This paper is an attempt to find out NDTs in Pakistani English as compared to British English by using comparable corpora and as well as Predication phrase analysis of Larson (1988) compatible with Chomsky's ideas about arguments' interpretations in the area of vp is used for syntactic analysis. The theoretical significance shows that the main difference in producing NDTs is due to different parameters and system of lexicon. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of English,University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/NDTs-in-Non-native-English-A-Syntactic-Analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).33 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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The Role of Project Management Social Responsibility in Project Success: An evidence of Project Sustainability Management from Developing Regions Muhammad Iftikhar Ali Shumaila Israr Samia Zaheer Project Sustainability Management Project Success PM Social Responsibility Projects have been playing a vital role in the sustainable development of organizations and society as well. The study aimed to examine the role of project management social responsibility in the enhancement of projects success in Pakistan. The methodological approach was survey-based research utilizing 13 items of social responsibility questionnaire, whereas project success was measured through the 25 items Project Success Assessment Questionnaire. A stratified random sampling technique was used and 300 questionnaires were distributed to project managers for cross-sectional data collection. The project managers were the respondents having work experience of social sector projects in Pakistan. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analyses. Findings highlighted that social responsibility has a positive and significant effect on the enhancement of project success. The study offered recommendations for government funding organization for sustainable project management. The study provides directions for future research. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Management Sciences,Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences,Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan. PhD Scholar,Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/The-Role-of-Project-Management-Social-Responsibility-in-Project-Success-An-evidence-of-Project-Sustainability-Management-from-Developing-Regions https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).34 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Linking Knowledge Management with Organizational Performance through Organizational Learning: Evidence from Higher Education Institutions in Pakistan Khalid Rehman Shadi Ullah Khan Aziz Javed Knowledge Management (KM) Organizational Learning (OL) Organizational Performance (OP) Higher Education Institutions (HEI's) The present study aimed to examine the mediating role of organizational learning in the relationship between knowledge management and organizational performance in HEIs, KP, Pakistan. Teachers working in the Universities were considered the sample (n=338) of the study. A structured questionnaire comprised items about research variables administered in order to collect data. Baron and Kennys (1986) four-step models applied through Preacher and Hayes (2013) Process macro as a data analysis technique. The current study results show that organizational learning acts partially mediates in the association between KM and OP. Moreover, enriching the literature on this understanding, the present study is also of value in managerial perspective as it helps increase higher education institutions (HEIs) knowledge on how to boost and enhance the performance of the organization by engaging in KM activities. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Institute of Business Administration,Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Professor, IPAS,Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Institute of Business Administration,Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Linking-Knowledge-Management-with-Organizational-Performance-through-Organizational-Learning-Evidence-from-Higher-Education-Institutions-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).35 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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The Study Abroad Decision: A Qualitative Case Study of Pakistani Doctoral Students Syed Abdul Waheed Nadia Gilani Lubna Shoukat Doctoral Studies Study Abroad Decision Austria International Students Pakistan EnglishSpeaking Country German Language. Deciding to pursue doctoral studies abroad is informed by several factors reflected by students perspectives and experiences. The present study purports to examine Pakistani doctoral students study abroad decisions and their preference to study in Austria. The study drew on a qualitative case study approach to grasp a broader perspective of the participants who were comprised of twenty doctoral students selected purposefully from the public universities of Austria. The data were collected through a semi-structured interview guide with open-ended questions. The researcher performed a thematic analysis of the interview data, field notes and reflective writing after all the participants described their personal experiences and perspectives. As a result of the analysis, the themes emerged include; country of previous studies, Austria versus other countries, placement and working environment, and language and country choice. The study has implications for doctoral students, their home country funding agencies and the host university support system. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Educational Research & Assessment, Faculty of Education, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Teacher Education, Faculty of Education,University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Educational Training,Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/The-Study-Abroad-Decision-A-Qualitative-Case-Study-of-Pakistani-Doctoral-Students https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).36 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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NGOs Activism Against Firms in Varying Institutional Contexts: Is the Picture Portrayed by Vachani and Associates Complete? Anjeela Khurram Shahzad Khuram Muhammad Naeem Institutional Development Level Internationalization Mandatory Adaptations North America Region South Asia Region Transaction Costs Watchdog NGOs activism. Vachani and Associates (2009) examined the effect of NGOs activism on firms transaction costs in varying institutional contexts. These authors proposed that regions with higher institutional development level—e.g., North America, will have a higher number and efficacy of advocacy NGOs, leading to higher transaction costs for firms resulting from NGO pressures. Our work revisits and extends the theoretical framework as proposed by these authors by a) precisely specifying the types of NGO actors involved in activism against firms b) explaining the process through which NGOs increase transaction costs of the firms in North American region, for this we draw on mandatory adaptations perspective c) explaining why firms internationalize from North America region to South Asia region which is characterized by low institutional development level d) predicting that firms location decision in turn affect institutional development of the countries in the region. Humanity Publications Research Scholar, RITM,University of Paris Saclay, France. Assistant Professor,School of Management, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Business Administration,Foundation University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/NGOs-Activism-Against-Firms-in-Varying-Institutional-Contexts-Is-the-Picture-Portrayed-by-Vachani-and-Associates-Complete https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).37 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Teachers Perspectives on Headteachers Mistreatment: Exploring the other Side of the Coin Fareed Ul Hassan Syed Abdul Waheed Nadia Gilani Headteachers Inappropriate Behavior Incivility Pakistan School Teacher Teacher Mistreatment Teacher-Headteacher Relationship. Treating teachers appropriately is considered extremely important for promoting a healthy and effective school environment. The present research predominantly focused on headteachers professional behaviour towards teachers in an attempt to explore teachers unheard voices. A phenomenological approach was employed to uncover teachers experiences of how they are treated by the headteachers in schools. Fifteen teachers were purposively selected from public and private schools of an administrative division in the province of Punjab, Pakistan. The participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. The underlying themes were explored through a thematic analysis of the text. The emergent themes include teacher-head teacher interaction, authoritative in the meetings, favouritism and biases, ignoring staff members, hurting self-respect and frustration and isolation. The study has implications for school improvement and further research on headteachers experiences that lead them to a certain type of behaviour towards teachers. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Faculty of Education,University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Research & Assessment,Faculty of Education, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Teacher Education, Faculty of Education, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Teachers-Perspectives-on-Headteachers-Mistreatment-Exploring-the-other-Side-of-the-Coin https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).38 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Value of Animal Idioms in Bringing about Native-Like Proficiency among EFL Learners Syed Shujaat Ali Ammara Farukh Muhammad Ishtiaq Idioms Proficiency Universality Imagery Memorization EFL Native-like proficiency in English requires learning idioms but they are difficult to master. Beginning with idioms having pictorial quality and universally known animals can greatly help initial learners of EFL for testing this hypothesis, learners from the first semester of five different BS programs at Kohat University of Science and Technology, were taught different idioms, in a one-month English language teaching program. They were evaluated at the end of the course at short notice. Eleven categories of idioms were formed and 20 idioms belonging to each category were set in the test. The learners scores on idioms involving common and well-known animals were higher as compared to the scores on another type of idioms. It was found that such idioms are learned, retained and recalled effectively because they rely on sound mental images and are easy to remember because of their tangibility, picturesqueness, imagery, and universally known common behavior. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor (Chairman), Department of English,Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of English,University of Education, Lahore, Vehari Campus, Vehari, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of English,Government College of Management Sciences, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Value-of-Animal-Idioms-in-Bringing-about-Native-Like-Proficiency-among-EFL-Learners https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).39 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Phonemic Inventory of Khowar Language: An Acoustic Analysis Ayaz ud Din Umaima Kamran Zubair Khan Khowar Language Acoustic analysis Phonemic Inventory Consonants Vowels Khowar, the lingua franca of people living in district Chitral, is a rich language from a linguistic perspective, possessing links with Old Indo-Aryan (OIA) languages in its inventory and lexical similarity with the Sanskrit language. The aim of the current study is to redefine and document its phonemic inventory with the possible, latest and authentic linguistic tools. The findings of this study will benefit both native speakers and educational institutions with their Khowar language script and will provide an easy way for interested researchers. This descriptive study followed both qualitative and quantitative scales, with segment acoustic description, explanation and charting formant values. The data has been collected in the form of recording from native speakers of Khowar language for segments included in the reading list proposed by the researchers. The recorded corpus has been analyzed using Praat software (2017). The research outcomes are updated and acoustically redefined phonemic inventory of Khowar Language. Humanity Publications Visiting Lecturer, Department of English,University of Chitral, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of English,Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English,University of Science & Technology, Bannu KP, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Phonemic-Inventory-of-Khowar-Language-An-Acoustic-Analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).40 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Effects of Remittances on Financial Development: A Time Series Analysis for Pakistan Muhammad Awais Nazima Ellahi Ahmed Sher Remittances External Finances Econometric Methods ARDL International migrant remittances are possibly the largest source of external finance in developing countries and this inflow have has considerable importance in the development of the financial sector. The present study aimed to analyze the link between workers remittances and development of the financial sector in the context of Pakistan. To carry out this empirical analysis, the study utilized a data set of annual frequency ranging from 1980 to 2015 (post-liberalization period). The econometric methodology of Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) has been used to get the short-run and long-run elasticities of the model. Overall findings suggested that there is a strong positive link between the inflow of remittances and the development of the financial sector in the context of Pakistan. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Economics & Finance,Foundation University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Economics & Finance,Foundation University Islamabad, Pakistan. PhD Scholar,Department of Business Administration, Iqra University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Effects-of-Remittances-on-Financial-Development-A-Time-Series-Analysis-for-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).41 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Educational Programs on Children Television: A Content Analysis Huma Khan Sajjad Ahmad Paracha Educational TV School Readiness Academic Performance Language Math Science Cognitive Development This research study is about childrens educational TV programs broadcasted by Top 10 International children entertainment TV channels. The researcher has adopted a content analysis method to analyze the number of educational TV programs broadcasted, their themes and genres. What kind of message these educational programs deliver, for which specific age group they were designed. The data was collected from educational television research organizations.TV has a vital place in childrens life. They consume a share of their leisure time in front of the television. This research study proved that watching educational programs in childhood improved their academic performance and it has a positive effect on their learning behavior, cognition, and socialization skill, emotional and intellectual development. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Media Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate professor, Department of Media Studies,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Educational-Programs-on-Children-Television-A-Content-Analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).42 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Impediments in the Disbursement of Micro-Credit Among Small Farmers: A Case Study of Dir(L) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Ihsan Ulla Khan Khalil Ur Rahman Azizullah Jan Small Scale Credit; High-Interest Rate; Small Farmer; Illiteracy and low Production. This article entitled, “Impediments in the Disbursement of Micro-Credit among Small Farmers (a case study of lower Dir Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)” aimed to highlights the hindrances confronted to small farmers in micro-credit for agriculture production. The majority of the farmers are poor because of low agricultural production and income. The farmers are unable to increase the production of agriculture without the help of government support. The sample size of 152 respondents was selected according to the criterion design be Sakaran. The association between independent and dependent variables were analysed through the Chi-Square Test. The study inferred that high-financing cost; absence of access to miniaturized scale credit, inflexible standards, demeanour of the bank staff and lack of education were a portion of the preventions in the dispensing of micro-credit. Based on discoveries in the investigation, this was recommended that the administration should show a drive to give the smaller scale credit to little scope ranchers. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Sociology,FATA University, TSD Dara NMD Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Sociology,Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. PhD Sociology, Department of Elementary and Secondary Education Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Impediments-in-the-Disbursement-of-Micro-Credit-Among-Small-Farmers-A-Case-Study-of-DirL-Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).43 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Social Media and Citizen Journalism Practices of Students in Pakistan: An Alternative Approach to Uses and Gratification Azam Jan Malik Adnan Sadaf Naz Social Media Citizen Journalism Youth Gratification Pakistan The rise of social media led to changes in the behavior of human communication. The social media users are easy to enjoy the contents of their choice and to share the same with others too. This astonishing transformation turned the once passive users of conventional media into social media activists. This study explored the patterns of social media usage with citizen journalistic activities and the gratification needs of the students in Pakistan. A total of 673 students participated in the survey for this study. The study concluded that most of the respondents satisfied information, entertainment, and companionship needs through social media and needs gratification are achieved through active participation in the process of online information gathering, processing, and transmitting Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Communication & Media Studies,Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Media Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Education,Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Social-Media-and-Citizen-Journalism-Practices-of-Students-in-Pakistan-An-Alternative-Approach-to-Uses-and-Gratification https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).44 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Relationship between Teacher Motivation and Leadership Styles: An Empirical Study of Public Sector Colleges of Punjab, Pakistan. Afshan Jabeen Salahuddin Khan Mehwish Manzoor Motivation Leadership Leadership Styles. The present study investigated the association between college teachers motivation and leadership styles. The population comprised of the lecturers in Physical education of all government degree colleges for girls and boys in Punjab, Pakistan. No sampling technique was preferred due to the accessible population. The total number of lecturers in Physical Education was 576 in which 210 were male and 366 were females. Two self-prepared, Likert type scales were used for data collection and SPSS 24 was used for data analysis. The results indicated that there is a positive significant association between the principals leadership styles and the teachers motivating factors. Also, the lecturers were found to be well-motivated with transactional leadership style. It was suggested that the government may conduct short-term awareness programs and arrange training and workshops for LPEs and college principals regarding the appropriate leadership style, upgrade their skills and motivational strategies for LPEs towards the job. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of SS&PE,Gomal University DI Khan, KP, Pakistan. Professor,Department of SS&PE,Gomal University DI Khan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of SS&PE,University of Narowal Punjab, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Relationship-between-Teacher-Motivation-and-Leadership-Styles-An-Empirical-Study-of-Public-Sector-Colleges-of-Punjab-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).45 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Development of Scientific Knowledge and Science Comprehension through Activities at the Elementary Level Schools in Pakistan Aftab Ahmad Muhammad Samiullah Abdul Majeed Khan Activity-Based Science Teaching Concept Building Memorization The main aim of this study was to observe the effect of activity on science comprehension skills among 8th graders. Relevant literature revealed that science comprehension skills can be increased through activity. QuasiExperimental (QE) design had been used. Threats to internal/external validity were undertaken properly. Two groups were selected to collect data to achieve the above-stated aim. The test was developed as per the table of specifications. It was piloted. Then it was administered as a pretest before intervention and posttest after the intervention. The data were analyzed using t-statistics. The activity is recommended for teaching science comprehension skills. Humanity Publications Lecturer (Faculty of Education), Department of Science Education, Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Science Education,Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education,University of Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Development-of-Scientific-Knowledge-and-Science-Comprehension-through-Activities-at-the-Elementary-Level-Schools-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).46 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC): Security Concerns Shabana Fayyaz Salma Malik CPEC Security China and Pakistan Economics The paper reviews the (CPEC) from a security lens. The upshot of CPEC is to bring in peace and prosperity in the region through laying a mix of road networks, railways, and pipelines in this area. It envisions to transform Pakistan by upgrading its economic profile through connectivity with adjacent regions, addressing energy shortfalls, and expanding societal links between Pakistan and China. Both sides perceive CPEC to be a game-changer. However, there are key challenges to establish a sphere of co-security interdependence through CPEC. The core risks and opportunities associated with the implementation of this crucial project are highlighted in this study. The paper dwells on the security dimensions of the CPEC from an integrated conception of security - to stamp the CPEC as a safety valve not only for Pakistan and China but for a host of countries associated with it Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Defence and Strategic Studies,Quaid e Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Defence and Strategic Studies,Quaid e Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/China-Pakistan-Economic-Corridors-Security-Concerns https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).47 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Learners and Instructors Attitude towards Physics Achievement at Secondary Level Farkhunda Rasheed Choudhary Tariq Javed Sobia Zaman Attitude Calculation aspect of Physics Interest in Physics Understanding Physics Scientific attitude towards science education facilitates twenty first century learning and provides a strong foundation for learners academic achievement. Science education at secondary level is placed as a backbone towards higher secondary level. The focus of the present study was to investigate the instructors and learners scientific attitudes towards physics at secondary level. Quantitative data were collected through questionnaires by using survey research from 1000 random sampled respondents i.e. instructors and learners. Multistage stratified sampling technique was applied in the present research and the collected data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. A low level of learners attitude towards physics was found which reflects in learners academic achievement level in physics. Scientific approach among learners can be promoted through instructors attitudes towards physics at the secondary level, which will be beneficial for the development of Pakistan. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,EPPSL Department,Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. SST,Federal Government Public School No. 2 (Boys), university Campus Tariqabad, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Government Gulzar e Islam Girls High School, university Campus Satellite Town Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Learners-and-Instructors-Attitude-towards-Physics-Achievement-at-Secondary-Level https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).48 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Historical Verisimilitudes in Fictional Universe: Cultural Poetics in the Works of Allende Amina Ghazanfar Arshad Mahmood Angela Jackson Brown Fictionalizing History Historicizing Fiction Historical Context Literary Text New Historicism. This study analyzed Isabel Allendes novel The House of the Spirits by probing the correlation between fiction and history. The theory of New Historicism was used to examine the textuality of history and the historicity of the text. The study argues that Allendes novel can be read as a subversive text that problematizes the boundary between fiction and history. The novel was analyzed by creating a parallel between the fictional work i.e. The House of the Spirits and the history book i.e. The History of Chile to question the neutrality and objectivity of history. The appraisal incorporated the biographical, political, historical and cultural contexts to evaluate the characters, themes and events of the novel. The study analyzed Allendes novel in the backdrop of the texts historical, social and political circumstances. The findings of the study show that Allendes novel is a product of its time, locale, context and the novelists biography Humanity Publications Lecturer,Department of English Studies,National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Professor,Department of English Studies, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of English, Ball State University, Indiana, USA. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Historical-Verisimilitudes-in-Fictional-Universe-Cultural-Poetics-in-the-Works-of-Allende https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).49 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Media Bias Effects on Voters in Pakistan Arshad Ali Syed Inam ur Rahman Media Bias Media Effects Voting Behavior Political Opinion Electoral Process The news media play a significant role in shaping political opinions and party choices of voters as most of the people learn about politics through media. The study investigated the influence of television news channels' biases over the voting behavior of the electorates. The survey method was used as a tool for data collection to determine the relationship between media bias and its influence on voting behavior. Partisan views are exposed when news channels give one side of the political spectrum a distinct advantage through subjective reporting. News channels include cable television news stations operating in Pakistan. The study findings suggest that voters do rely on television news channels for information during election campaigns. The study found that television news bias has a strong influence on people's voting behaviors and election outcomes. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Media and Communication Studies, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Media-Bias-Effects-on-Voters-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).50 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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A Stress Analysis of Teachers Job: Investigating the Phenomenon of Teacher Stress Muhammad Zaigham Qadeer Muhammad Nisar Ul Haq Javed Iqbal Teacher Stress Job Work Performance This research was conducted to explore the phenomena of a study on the essence of stress faced by secondary-level teachers in Rawalpindi to find out the teacher experience of stress and to identify the sources of stress between male and female teachers. The population of the study was comprised of all the teachers working in Govt secondary school of district Rawalpindi. The sample of the study comprised 100 secondary school teachers 50 males and 50 females were selected randomly. Data collected through questionnaires were tabulated, analyzed and interpreted using t-test at0.05 level of significance. The empirical study identified stress factors that have effects on male and female teachers work performance. The causes are poor low pay status, poor classroom environment, professional distress, large-scale class, poor public image, etc. The results of this study showed that there is no substantial difference in stress among male and female teachers. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Faculty of Education, AIOU, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Development, Karakoram International University, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Development, Karakoram International University, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/a-stress-analysis-of-teachers-job-investigating-the-phenomenon-of-teacher-stress https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).51 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Headteachers' Contribution to Improving Quality of Education for Sustainable Development at Secondary Level Gulzar Ahmed Zaheer Abbas Muhammad Nisar Headteachers Awareness Quality of Education Sustainable Development Headteachers are responsible for the provision of quality education to the children in their respective educational institutions. The study aimed to analyze Head Teachers' commitment to improving the education level for sustainable development and to suggest measures for further progress. The population of the study consisted of oof380 public sector secondary schools' headteachers (male & female) of Okara and Sahiwal districts. Sample of the study comprised of 240 headteachers (male & female) randomly selected from the population. A self-developed questionnaire comparison of Five-point Likert scale was used to collect data, which was later on analyzed and interpreted by using frequency percentages, mean score, standard deviation and t-value as statistical tools. It was concluded that the majority of respondents were in four that education for sustainable development (ESD) helps them in achieving sustainable development goals Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Teacher Education, Shaikh Ayaz University, Shikarpur, Sindh, Pakistan. Headmaster, Punjab Education Department, Punjab, Pakistan. Principal, Model High School, Shakardarra, Kohat, KP, Paksitan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/headteachers-contribution-to-improving-quality-of-education-for-sustainable-development-at-secondary-level https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).52 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Students' Understanding the Attitude of Teachers in Mathematics Teaching Abdul Majeed Khan Muhammad Nisar Ul Haq Anar Gul Attitudes Mathematics Teachers Mathematics Teaching Secondary School This research was designed to examine the attitude of secondary mathematics teachers in the district of Mianwali. The study design consisted of 10 males and ten female secondary schools each. The general number of respondents is four hundred, of which 200 were female students. The sampling cluster and simple random sampling techniques have been used for the selection of schools and students, respectively. A questionnaire of 34-items is organized on five Likert Scale points to seek answers from the students. Percentage and mean were used to calculate the perceptions of each male and female science student. The results showed a constructive attitude towards mathematics teaching to both males and females. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Mianwali, Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Development, Karakoram International University, Gilgit - Baltistan, Pakistan. M. Phil Scholar, Department of Education and Psychology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/students-understanding-the-attitude-of-teachers-in-mathematics-teaching https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).53 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Cultured and Uncultured Parents towards Woman Education: A Comparative Study Malik Amer Atta Fasiha Altaf Samreen Mehmood Cultured and Uncultured Parents Woman Education Rural Urban. Understudy, research problem was the comparison of cultured and uncultured parents towards woman education. The study was noteworthy because it helps us in deciding the arrogances of the parent towards a girl's education. This research guides us to make efforts for the promotion of the girl's education. A randomly selected sample of fifty fathers and fifty mothers from rural and urban areas of District Dera Ismail Khan, out of these fifty fathers and mothers twenty-five were cultured, and twenty-five were uncultured. As a research instrument, 5-Likert type scale was used to collect the relevant data, and for the purpose of analysis, t-statistics was used. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Institute of Education and Research, Gomal University, D.I.Khan, KP, Pakistan. PhD Scholar,Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/cultured-and-uncultured-parents-towards-woman-education-a-comparative-study https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).54 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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The Impact of Bank-Specific Factors on the Efficiency of Pakistan's Commercial Banks: Data Envelopment Analysis and Tobit Regression Model Framework Farhat Ullah Khan Aman Ullah Khan Inayat Ullah ideology textbooks critical discourse This study aims to measure the effects of bank-specific factors on the efficiency of Pakistan's twenty-seven (27) commercial banks. Efficiency was computed by input-oriented data envelopment analysis approach under CRS (constant return to scale) and VRS (variable return to scale) assumptions. The results revealed that overall inefficiency in commercial banks was to tune of 10 percent and was caused by both managerial incompetence and uneconomical bank's size. However, the uneconomic scale size remained the dominant source of inefficiency at individual banks level, and most of the banks exhibited a decreasing return to scale (DRS) behaviour. Furthermore, efficiency scores were regressed by bank-specific factors using the Tobit regression model. Among the bank-specific factors, Profitability, liquidity, bank size had a significant and positive impact, while market share and Asset quality had a negative and substantial effect on all the efficiency parameters. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Public Administration, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-impact-of-bank-specific-factors-on-the-efficiency-of-pakistan-commercial-banks-data-envelopment-analysis-and-tobit-regression-model-framework https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).55 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Teachers' Perceptions about Problems and Prospects of Diploma of Associate Engineers (DAE) Program in Punjab Mehwish Gull Aroona Hashmi Fasiha Altaf DAE program Curriculum Problems Prospects The present study was aimed to investigate teachers' perceptions about problems and prospects of the Diploma of Associate Engineers (DAE) program in Punjab. All the teachers (Civil, Electrical and Mechanical) teaching to DAE students in District Punjab were the population of the study. Fifteen teachers from 8 colleges of technologies were selected randomly; therefore, 120 teachers were selected as a sample of the study. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. The reliability of the instrument was 0.91. Findings revealed that teachers were more focused on the curriculum developed by TEVTA authorities, physical infrastructure and teachers' methods of teaching. Moreover, teachers, according to their experience, have differences of opinions regarding administrative facilities and assessment system in TEVTA institutions. Teachers, on the basis of their experience, have differences of opinions regarding administrative facilities and a proper monitoring system. It is recommended that the curriculum should revise periodically, along with the demand of the industry. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Ph.D. Scholar, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/teachers-perceptions-about-problems-and-prospects-of-diploma-of-associate-engineers-dae-program-in-punjab https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).56 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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How do Problems get on to the Political Agenda and get Taken Seriously by Policymakers? An Analysis of Climate Change Policy in the US Ayaz Ali Shah Shaukat Hina Malik Political Agenda Policy Makers Climate Change US The issue of climate change is not of the recent past. However, it was late in the nineteenth century in the US that the phenomenon was defined and framed as an issue of public interest by those who say it mattered. The reason was the occurrence of indicators such as a rise in earth temperature and prolonged summer season. The mass displacement of people from their places of inhibits and damages to their properties forced the government to take the issue seriously. A change in the administration in the federal capital, along with pressure from civil society and demand from various groups to resolve the issue of climate change, proved to be something that ultimately led to the resolution of the issue and taken seriously by the government of the day. While answering the question of how the issue of climate change made its way to the agenda-setting stage of policymaking, Jhon Kingdon model of agendasetting has been applied, which is more relevant and acceptable in terms of conceptual logics and the issue at hand. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Demonstrator, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/how-do-problems-get-on-to-the-political-agenda-and-get-taken-seriously-by-policymakers-an-analysis-of-climate-change-policy-in-the-us https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).57 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Pashto-English Contact: The Role of Suffixation in Hybridizing Lexical Items Nisar Ahmad Liaqat Iqbal Muhammad Atif Pashto English Suffixation Lexical Items The study investigates the role of suffixation in Pashto-English hybridization at the word level and the sociolinguistic significance of such hybridization. Data from electronic media, including programmes from Khyber News, representing both formal and informal domains of language use, is used for the study. The programmes selected include Top Stories, News Hour, Mohim Repotuna, Naway Sahar and Sports Mag. Employing content analysis as a research method, a quantitative approach for the investigation of hybridized English lexical category and a qualitative approach for its sociolinguistic significance have been used. The present study employs the framework presented by Kachru (1978), as adapted by Rasul (2006). The findings of the research show that noun is frequently hybridized both in formal and informal domains of language used mostly by the addition of Pashto inflectional suffixes. It is concluded that suffixation got an important role in Pashto-English hybridization that leads to the creation of hybrid forms predicting language shift and the emergence of a new variety of Pashto. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, Government Postgraduate College, Nowshera, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Government Postgraduate College, Nowshera, KP, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/pashtoenglish-contact-the-role-of-suffixation-in-hybridizing-lexical-items https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).58 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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A Study of the Effectiveness of the HEC's English Language Teaching Reforms (ELTR) Project Masooma Zaidi Fareeha Javed Sana Baig English Language Teaching English Language Teachers ELTR Professional Development This study deals with the effectiveness of the English Language Teaching Reforms (ELTR) project, which was launched by the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan in 2004. The purpose of the ELTR project was to enhance the teaching practices of English Language (EL) teachers teaching at the tertiary level. The project was divided into two phases: Phase I (2004-2010) and Phase II (2010-2013). In both phases, EL teachers were trained from various public colleges and universities across Pakistan. The teachers were offered long and short-term courses through which they could be professionally developed. The main aim of the current research was to trace the effectiveness of the project. For this purpose, this study adopted a qualitative methodology. Data was collected by carrying out semi-structured interviews with five English Language faculty members of a university who have received ELTR training. The interviews were thematically analyzed. The findings revealed that HEC has been trying to accomplish its set goals, but there are certain areas in which the goals have not been achieved due to loopholes. Humanity Publications MS, Department of TESOL, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Head of TESOL Department, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of TESOL, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/a-study-of-the-effectiveness-of-the-hecs-english-language-teaching-reforms-eltr-project https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).59 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Azad Jammu and Kashmir in Pakistan's Post Eighteenth Amendment Scenario: A Critical Analysis for the Constitutional Reforms Adnan Rahman Syed Mudasser Fida Gardazi Saqib Shahbaz Constitutional Empowerment Conflict of JandK 18th Amendment of Pakistan Constitutional Reforms 13th Amendment in AJK This paper aims at critically analyzing the existing constitutional framework in AJK. AJK is administered by Pakistan as a disputed territory. The 18th amendment brought provincial autonomy and decentralization of powers for the provinces of Pakistan. The same principle and constitutional reforms may be introduced in AJK for its constitutional empowerment. This research aims to review the existing constitutional relationships between Pakistan and AJK in the backdrop of relevant resolutions of the UN. The findings of this study are based upon the review of the existing literature and documents as well as qualitative methods based on the Laws, statutory sources, eminent works of the jurists compiled in the books, research papers and articles, and the research-based reports on the constitutional development in AJK. This study suggests concrete reforms in the Legislature, executive, and judiciary of AJK. This study can be very useful and relevant in future deliberations Humanity Publications Faculty Member of Law, Department of Law, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Muzaffarabad, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/azad-jammu-and-kashmir-in-pakistans-post-eighteenth-amendment-scenario-a-critical-analysis-for-the-constitutional-reforms https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).60 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Socio-Economic and Cultural Determinants of Maternal and Neonatal Mortality in Pakistan Sarfraz Khan Syed Imran Haider Rahim Bakhsh Determinants Islamabad Maternal and Neonatal Mortality Pakistan PIMS. The current study analyzed socio-economic and cultural determinants of maternal and neonatal mortality in Pakistan. This research was conducted at PIMS, Islamabad, Pakistan. In the first phase of research, we used a survey method to collect data from 56 respondents (36 female doctors and 20 female nurses) and their perceptions were enumerated about the socioeconomic and cultural determinants of maternal mortality. In the second phase of the research, 200 mothers (who had a baby under 1-year) currently admitted at PIMS were sampled for in-depth interviews and they were asked about the multiple determinants of neonatal mortality. In both phases, we employed a purposive sampling technique with a special inclusion criterion. The study highlighted multiple reasons influencing mortality of mothers and neonates such as lack of awareness, lack of transportation facilities, illiteracy, poverty, lack of antenatal care services and deliveries handled by unskilled birth attendants at homes. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Sociology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Sociology, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. PhD Scholar,Department of Anthropology,Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Socio-Economic-and-Cultural-Determinants-of-Maternal-and-Neonatal-Mortality-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Bonding, Academic Culture and Aggressive Behavior among University Students in Pakistan Wisal Ahmed Akhlaq Ahmad Mazhar Iqbal Bhatti Bonding Academic culture Aggressive behaviour University Students Aggression at universities has become a serious problem not only for developed but also for underdeveloped states across the globe. Growing violence at the campus is becoming a routine. Frequent incidences of violent conflicts and even killing in some cases at the campus has drawn the attention of scholars and made it an important area of research and investigation. This study was set out to understand students violent behavior and factors contributing to their violent behavior at the campus. A sample of 375 students was selected from different faculties of two universities from Islamabad city. The data came through a well-structured questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis was performed to see the effect of bonding and academic culture on aggressive behavior students at the university. Findings show that bonding and academic culture significantly predicts i.e. 16% of aggressive behavior of university students. It is, therefore concluded that low level of bonding and poor academic culture at the university exacerbate violent, aggressive or non-confirmatory behavior among students. Humanity Publications MS scholar, Department of Sociology,International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Sociology,International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Bonding-Academic-Culture-and-Aggressive-Behavior-among-University-Students-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Communication Strategies for Polio Eradication in Pakistan: The Case Study of Polio Vaccination Campaign in South Punjab Malik Adnan Sher Muhammad Malik Muhammad Basharat Hameed Polio Vaccination; Development Communication Demography knowledge; Health Behavior; Media Communication This study has a plan to measure the level of knowledge and perceptions regarding polio vaccination in south Punjab, Pakistan. To examine the dominant source of awareness concerning utilized communication channels in the Polio vaccination campaign a total of 200 respondents (100 couples) were selected as the studys sample by applying the systematic random sampling technique. The findings of the study revealed that the majority of the respondents shared the poor knowledge about Polio. As it was found that, females were more conscious and responsible towards their children as compared to their counterparts. It was also found that males were the decision making authority regarding the polio vaccination of their children. The females seemed more convinced as compared to male respondents towards polio immunization. But, they had sufficient knowledge about the importance of polio vaccination. The television was the major information source of Polio vaccination among most of the respondents. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Media Studies,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Geography,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Community Awareness Officer, Punjab Emergency Service,Toba Tek Singh, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Communication-Strategies-for-Polio-Eradication-in-Pakistan-The-Case-Study-of-Polio-Vaccination-Campaign-in-South-Punjab https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Primary School In-Service Teachers Perceptions about Reflective Teaching Practice Sumera Imran Amir Zaman Abdul Ghafar Teacher Education Reflective Practice Self-Assessment The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the reflective practice as a process of continuing professional Development (CPD) implemented in different parts of the government primary schools of Pakistan recently. Case study design was adopted for a single school as it aims to understand the perceptions of primary school teachers about reflective teaching practice with the help of enriched data using semi structured interview. For data analysis content analysis method was applied and analysis was presented thematically for clarity and vividness. It was revealed that most teachers perceived reflective teaching as a helpful tool in improving professional capacity, valuable to share reflective practice with colleagues, constructive in receiving guidance in professional development and useful for assessing self-skills and considered its role in identifying developmental needs of their skills and prospective training. It is suggested that primary school teachers should engage in reflective practice on regular basis and should be provide internet facilities at school to strengthen their knowledge of using creative applications of reflective practice. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Education,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Primary-School-In-Service-Teachers-Perceptions-about-Reflective-Teaching-Practice https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Hallmark of Civilization: A Psychoanalytic Study of Ralph in Lord of the Flies Shumaila Mazhar Mahwish Malghani Fouzia Rehman Khan Psyche conscious aq'l ego. The present study is aimed at exploring the psychoanalytical interpretation of Ralphs attempts to return to civilization in the light of theories propounded by Ghazali and Freud. It explicitly describes the profound impact of aql and ego on Ralph as he represents order, civilization, and rational thought in William Goldings novel Lord of the Flies. This work focusing on the application of Ghazalian al and Freudian ego provides an exciting opportunity to advance our knowledge regarding psychoanalysis of literary characters and contributes to this growing area of research by probing into the depth of human psyche. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English,Sardar Bahadur Khan Women University Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English,Sardar Bahadur Khan Women University Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English,Sardar Bahadur Khan Women University Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/The-Hallmark-of-Civilization-A-Psychoanalytic-Study-of-Ralph-in-Lord-of-the-Flies https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Impact of Leadership Style on Employees Commitment: Moderating Role of Organization Politics: A Case Study of Public Sector Universities of KPK Nasir Ali Marjan Ali Muhammad Sheraz Organizational Politics Transformational Leadership Employees Commitment Leadership Styles Autocratic Leadership Transactional Leadership Public Sector Universities of Kpk The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between employees commitment and leadership styles along with the moderating role of organizational politics in public sector universities of KPK. The researcher adopted a deductive approach with cross-sectional research design and used a quantitative methodology. Stratified random sampling has been used with an objective to ensure effective representation of the selected population. Responses from the participants were collected through a pre-structured questionnaire, which was then analyzed through the SPSS data analysis tool by using different statistical methods including descriptive statistics analysis, regression analysis, and inter-variables correlation analysis. Findings of the study show that organizational politics positively moderates the relationship of transformational and democratic style of leadership with commitment of employees. It is also provided that the stus findings would serve as a foundation for future researchers to conduct studies on the given topic in the future. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Management Science,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Superintendent,Department of Administration, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Senior Administration Officer,Department of Administration,Zia Teaching Hospital Charsadda, KP, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Impact-of-Leadership-Style-on-Employees-Commitment-Moderating-Role-of-Organization-Politics-A-Case-Study-of-Public-Sector-Universities-of-KPK https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Contesting Sectarian Identity in Pakistan: Narratives from the Three Cities Rahim Bakhsh Sarfraz Khan Syed Imran Haider Ethnography Pakistan Rituals Sectarian Conflict Sectarian Identity. Pakistan is facing a new wave of sectarian divide thus literally making it difficult for minority religious groups such as Shias to practice their religious rituals with freedom and liberty. During the last decade, the sectarian killings have increased to a substantial level much to the worry of the government and general public. The present study explores the impact of the widening sectarian cleavage due to the Shia rituals during and after the sacred month of Muharram in Pakistan. Shia religious practices are being challenged and their rites held down by the extremist groups who are bent upon hurl unforgiving criticism, random killings, a plethora of hate speeches, and religious demonstrations throughout Pakistan. Such practices have made it more exacting for the Shias to commemorate their religious rituals during Muharram throughout Pakistan. The large cities like Quetta, Hyderabad, Rawalpindi, Lahore, and Jhang have faced multifaceted sectarian clashes which made Shias vulnerable in the performance of rituals. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Sociology, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Contesting-Sectarian-Identity-in-Pakistan-Narratives-from-the-Three-Cities https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Impact of Parent-Teachers Meeting on Students Academic, Social, Emotional, and Psychological Development at Federal Government Educational Institutions in Pakistan Muhammad Akram Shaker Muhammad Javed Uzma Munawar Development Emotional FGEIs Parent-Teacher Meeting. This research investigates the Impact of Parent- Teacher Meeting on Students Academic, Social, Emotional, and Psychological Development at Federal Government Educational Institutions in Pakistan.The quantitative, descriptive, and survey approach for the study. The target population of the current research work consisted of all F G E Is(c/ g) in Pakistan. Two similar questionnaires and one interview protocol were self-constructed. The reliability of both the questionnaires for teachers and parents was 0.961 respectively. The majority of teachers were masters degree holders with a 60.3% or 199 masters degree holding degree in the current work. Most of the parents reported that PTM fosters motivation for students homework completion. The majority of the principals reported that Social participation will develop leadership skills. It is recommended that PTM should be exclusively monitored by higher management. There should be an appropriate guide and discipline committee during the PTM hours. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education,Government College Women University Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Impact-of-Parent-Teachers-Meeting-on-Students-Academic-Social-Emotional-and-Psychological-Development-at-Federal-Government-Educational-Institutions-in https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Gender Differences in Motivation And Academic Achievement: A Study Of the University Students of KP, Pakistan Sadaf Naz Syed Afzal Shah Anjum Qayum Extrinsic Motivation Gender Intrinsic Motivation University Students. This descriptive survey research investigated the motivation (intrinsic and extrinsic) from a gender point of view and established a link of motivation (extrinsic and intrinsic) with students academic achievement. From two public sector universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 162 students were selected through the use of the technique of stratified random sampling. For measuring the students motivation (intrinsic and extrinsic), a scale developed by Lepper et al. (2005) was used. In order to analyze the collected data, the correlation coefficient and t-test were used. Results showed that Male students are more extrinsically motivated. A significant gender difference in the aspect of Easy work and academic outcomes exists. Furthermore, students educational attainment is significantly affected by both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Education,Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education,The University of Haripur, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Education,Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Gender-Differences-in-Motivation-And-Academic-Achievement:-A-Study-Of-the-University-Students-of-KP,-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Ethnography of Panchayat: Cases of Khula from Mandi Baha-Ud-Din Riaz Ahmad Muazzmi Aneela Sultana Biradari Conflict Resolution Khul'a Local Level Politics Panchayat Politiology Traditional Justice System. Panchayat is the epicenter of local Politiology that serves as a traditional and indigenous system of conflict resolution at the village level in Pakistan. Khula (divorce) is one of the social issues that are mostly handled by the panchayat besides the presence of a legal system: both institutions stay anonymous to each other. The study is conducted in Mandi Baha Uddin to understand the significance of Panchayat as a local level trusted institution meant for arbitration using qualitative approach. The methodology of the study was descriptive where case study and in-depth interview methods were used. The study findings endorse that Panchayat is an indigenous powerful political institution that can adjoin with the development sector in providing justice about agriculture, forestry, and welfare projects. It can serve more efficiently with the support from the legal justice system. Execution of decisions by the traditional justice system can only be effective once streamlined for better and owned decisions at the community level politics. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Anthropology,Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Ethnography-of-Panchayat-Cases-of-Khula-from-Mandi-Baha-Ud-Din https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Construction of Baloch Ethnic Identity through Ethnolinguistic Awareness and Cultural Dynamics Fouzia Rehman Khan Mehwish Malghani Shazia Ayaz Ethnic identity Baloch cultural dynamics ethnolinguistic awareness. The paper is based on a qualitative ethnographic study to explore the role of ethnolinguistic awareness and cultural dynamics in the construction of the ethnic identity of Baloch. The data was collected through focussed group interviews of twenty participants who were sampled through non-random criterion sampling and they belonged to at least thirteen different tribes of Baloch. The study was conducted within the theoretical perspective of Smolicz Core Value. The analysis of the rich data found the group members to be consciously self-aware of their distinct ethnic identity and more so in the present political situation of the province. The group members were also found to express their ethnicity through cultural dynamics such as common traditional dress and Balochi as the group language even though Balochi was not the mother tongue of all the participants as they are an ethnic group that speaks at least four different languages. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of English,Sardar Bahadur Khan Womens University, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of English,Sardar Bahadur Khan Womens University, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English,National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Construction-of-Baloch-Ethnic-Identity-through-Ethnolinguistic-Awareness-and-Cultural-Dynamics https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Analyzing Strategies for Developing Students Speaking Skills in Public Universities of Pakistan Syeda Sidra Nosheeen Muhammad Javed Haseen Akhtar Strategies Teaching Developing Speaking English In Pakistani educational system, English language has a distinguishing place for getting higher education and job opportunities. However, it is challenging task for ESL teachers to develop students speaking skills. Therefore, the current study aimed to analyze the strategies for developing students English language speaking skills and find out the new trends adopted by university teachers for developing students English language speaking skills. The researchers selected 2425 students and 97 teachers from public universities of Pakistan. A self-designed instrument was used to collect data. The calculated reliability of the tool was .876. Data were collected and analyzed by using SPSS and percentage, mean score, and standard deviation were calculated. The results conclude that teachers sometimes use modern and innovative methods to teach the English language, whereas, most of the teachers never use technology to enhance students speaking skills. The study recommends that teachers should pay full attention to develop students speaking skills which is an integral skill of ESL students learning. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Education,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar,Department of Education,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Analyzing-Strategies-for-Developing-Students-Speaking-Skills-in-Public-Universities-of-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Unmaking the Anthropology of Mourning in a Psycho Analytical Perspective Mahwish Zeeshan Abid Ghafoor Chaudhry Shaheer Ellahi Khan Azaadar Cross-Cultural rituals Grief Mourning Psycho-analytical perspective Religion Shia. Death often raises questions that science is unable to answer. Science may delay death, but it cannot stop it. Death is marked by grief and mourning. Mourning serves in a smooth transition, such as a liminal ritual of grief serves as a rite de passage between loss and re-enactment to the routine life. Generally, mourning or grief is described as a very private, personal emotion which is characterized by social withdrawal and shutting oneself off from the world. However, mourning also serves as an overt and public expression of grief whereby it serves as an identity marker to a community. The paper attempts to present a cross-cultural account of mourning and presents a psychoanalytical perspective of mourning with special emphasis on azaadari. The study presents an ethno theory on grief and reflections of mourning from a cross-cultural perspective. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Anthropology,PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences,Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Unmaking-the-Anthropology-of-Mourning-in-a-Psycho-Analytical-Perspective https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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A Self-Determination Theory on Effect of Teacher Autonomy Support on Students Motivation in Public School of Pakistan Roshi khalid Moafia Nader Afifa Khanam Self- Determination Theory Teacher Autonomy Support Quasi-Experimental Study Intrinsic Motivation Socially Bound Academic Outcomes Self Determination Theory conjectures that teacher autonomy support propels motivation in education and educational achievements; however, the question of socially different conversations within SDT questions significance of TAS in schools and classrooms located in Asia. In a quasi-experimental study, 101 Grade-5 students, of a public school in Pakistan, were taken as the population for the present study, who underwent the pretest and posttests. The tests consisted of intervention for seven sessions by an expert language teacher. The data was cumulated to find the results from pretest, posttest1, and posttest2 by using intrinsic motivation inventory, a self-regulation questionnaire, and a learning climate questionnaire to find out the level of interest in the students during this study. The results proved that the SDT is not a socially bound worth and is comparatively appropriate for Pakistani educational systems as well. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Research and Evaluation Department (IOE),Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant professor,Department of Professional Studies (IOE),Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant professor,Department of Professional Studies (IOE), Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/A-Self-Determination-Theory-on-Effect-of-Teacher-Autonomy-Support-on-Students-Motivation-in-Public-School-of-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Improvement in Narrative Writing Skills with Communicative Teaching in Pakistani High Schools Muhammad Samiullah Aftab Ahmad Abdul Majeed Khan Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) Narrative Writing Grammar Translation Method (GTM) Secondary Level. The main objective of this research was to find an effect of communicative approach on narrative writing in 9th graders at secondary level. Relevant literature revealed that narrative writing can be enhanced with the help of communicative teaching. Pre-test post-test nonequivalent control group design had been used. To conduct the experimental study six (06) classes from two schools were selected conveniently were selected to gather data to achieve intended objective. There were 206 students involved in the experimentation. Communicative lessons were delivered in the experimental classroom only. The same pre-test was used as a posttest as well. Results of research depicted that communicative teaching had a remarkable effect on increasing narrative writing at secondary level. The outcome of research is valuable for teachers, curriculum specialists, syllabi designers and policy makers. In addition, communicative approach is recommended for teaching writing related to any genre in English. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of ECE&ETE,Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Science Education,Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education,University of Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Improvement-in-Narrative-Writing-Skills-with-Communicative-Teaching-in-Pakistani-High-Schools https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Modernization, Cultural Integration and Language Modification: A Study of the Potohari Language in Pakistan Shakeela Ibrahim Sajid Mahmood Awan Modernization Cultural Integration Language Potohar Pakistan. This paper identifies the connection between cultural integration and language modification in Pakistan, with a focus on the Potohari region of northern Punjab. The study has primarily been conducted in the Potohar region, consisting of the three districts of Rawalpindi, Chakwal, and Gujarkhan. The respondents were selected mainly from innate Potohari families to determine and identify the changes in native language. The results indicated that the native language of Potohari has been replaced by the Urdu and English in the present generation. Younger people feel comfortable speaking these languages at their household level. The conservation of an aboriginal language is important before its liquidation. This paper highlighted the pace and extent of the replacement of the native language of Potohari with the national and international language of Urdu and English as a symbol of modernization, and its implications for the cultural integration of society. The Data was collected through formal interviews, group discussion and a survey. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Taxila Institute of Asian Civilization, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Acting Director, National Institute of Historical and Cultural research.QAU, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Modernization-Cultural-Integration-and-Language-Modification-A-Study-of-the-Potohari-Language-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Perception and Satisfaction of Residents Regarding Services Provided Under Greater Faisalabad Water Supply, Sewerage and Drainage Project Waseem Nawaz Zahira Batool Muhammad Shabbir Ch Perception Predictor variable Response Variable Perception Satisfaction level. A project funded by Asian Development Bank was executed in 1996. This project included provision of potable water, sewerage and drainage services. A PhD level dissertation was conducted to assess the impacts of this project on target population. Faisalabad city is divided into four municipal zones. A multistage sampling method was adopted for selection of respondents. The data was collected by using a pre-coded interview schedule. Only Inferential techniques were applied for data analysis to explore the association among different variables. The results revealed that the beneficiaries perceived better about the environmental improvements as well as they are satisfied with services provided under this project. It has outcome from results that there is a strong association between improvements made in social, physical and economic aspects of the residents and perception and satisfaction level of people with services provided under this project. It can be concluded that the project has good and positive impact on all aspects of the life of dwellers. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Sociology, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor,Department of Sociology,Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Sociology, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Perception-and-Satisfaction-of-Residents-Regarding-Services-Provided-Under-Greater-Faisalabad-Water-Supply-Sewerage-and-Drainage-Project https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Development of Story Writing Skills through Communicative Approach at Secondary Level in Pakistan Aftab Ahmad Muhammad Samiullah Gulzar Ahmed Communicative Approach/Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) Story Writing GTM Secondary Level The main aim of this study was to observe the effect of communicative teaching on story writing skills among 9th graders. Relevant literature revealed that story writing skills can be increased through a communicative approach. Quasi-Experimental design, that is, pretest posttest nonequivalent control group design was used. Threats to internal/external validity were undertaken properly. Two groups were selected to collect data to achieve the above-stated aim. The creative compositions related to story writing skills were evaluated in the light of scoring rubrics. The data were analyzed using t-statistics. The communicative approach is recommended for teaching dialogue writing. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Education,Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of ECE&ETE,Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Teacher Education,University of Shikarpur, Sindh, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Development-of-Story-Writing-Skills-through-Communicative-Approach-at-Secondary-Level-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Conglomerates in Pakistani Media Industry: Exploring the Effects of Non-Journalistic Ownership of Media Companies Haseeb Ur Rehman Warrich Muhammad Ashfaq Shams Ur Rehma Media Landscape Conglomerates Grounded Theory Media Ownership Qualitative Research This study examines what role non-journalistic business conglomerates play in the Pakistani journalism industry. 56 experienced journalists were interviewed, and the data is analyzed by using Qualitative method of Grounded Theory (GT) methodology to generate codes/themes. The use of grounded theory is not very common in mass communication research. Results of this research show that non-journalistic business entities critically influenced journalism in Pakistan by investing a huge amount of money. They own media organizations and develop editorial policies that protect their business interests. They adopted a ridiculous approach by promoting several persons as journalists who have no journalism experience. Such "journalists" have been playing a crucial role in changing the landscape of the Pakistani media. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Arts & Media, Foundation University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Arts & Media, Foundation University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Media & Communication Studies, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/conglomerates-in-pakistani-media-industry-exploring-the-effects-of-nonjournalistic-ownership-of-media-companies- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Context Factors Affecting Cognition and Performance of Undergraduate Science Students Farkhunda Rasheed Choudhary Tariq Javed Cognition Context Factors Learning Styles. Individual differences play a vital role in learning, as they lead learners towards Field-Dependent and Field-Independent learning styles, assumed the perceptions of individuals. For learning science, perception, spatial orientation and analytical approach have been considered extremely essential. There are several context factors which have been reported to have connection with directly or indirectly cognitive learning styles. The present study explored the effects of context factors such as age, gender,. academic achievement and mother’s qualification of science students. For this study, 462 undergraduate science students were selected randomly from BS Physics, BS mathematics, and BS Computer Engineering programmes from four universities. The standardize test “SHAPES” was administered to recognize Field-Dependent-Field Independent learners. The regression analysis revealed that context factors such as gender, age, and grade point average significantly contribute to field contingent and field free thinking cognitive learning style. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education Planning,Policy Studies and Leadership, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. SST, Federal Government, Federal Government Public School No. 2 (Boys), Tariqabad, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/context-factors-affecting-cognition-and-performance-of-undergraduate-science-students https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).20 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Exploring the Effects of Contingent Rewards on Employee Responsiveness and Affective Commitment Irfan Ullah Khan Muhammad Saqib Khan Muhammad Haroon Rehan Contingent Rewards Employees' Responsiveness & Effective Commitment. The leading attribute of ‘transactional-leadership’ is ‘contingent-rewards’ which is supposed to be generating positive outcomes from the employees’ performance. For example, the ‘employee-responsiveness’ is increased when employees are rewarded for their worthy performances. The robotic behaviors by leadership have apprehensions of uninvited effects like employees’ discouragement, on the other hand, commitment with work when rewards are attached only with physical and external behavior, efforts and outputs. The employees feel unrecognized; as human beings, it is obviously a critical objective of every single employee for seeking a good professional status. Data were collected from the employees, working in higher education institutions. The study statistically measured the contingent rewards links with employees’ responsiveness and affective commitment. The results support the assumptions extracted from theoretical framework. The findings suggest that leadership in higher institution needs to implement the best suitable blend of different rewards as per distinct requirements of job and as per efforts and knowledge of workforces. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Public Administration, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Business Administration, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan PhD Scholar, Department of Public Administration, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/exploring-the-effects-of-contingent-rewards-on-employee-responsiveness-and-affective-commitment https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).21 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Factors Triggering Ethical Dilemmas in Teaching Sector of Pakistan Shabana Nawaz Khan Imrab Shaheen Waqas Iftikhar Malik Ethics Business Ethics Ethical dilemmas Job Satisfaction Performance and Stress. The purpose of this study is to explore the triggers behind ethical issues arising in teaching sector. The disreputable practices of the teachers cause stress, affect job satisfaction, drops the performance and above all disrupt the future of the students. Theoretical model of the study identified the causes and effects of ethical dilemmas in teaching sector by gathering data from three districts of Pakistan and Azad Kashmir. Results of the study are generated by using regression, correlation and descriptive statistics. There is positive relationship of Job satisfaction and Teacher's performance with ethical dilemmas. Whereas, the context of Ethical Dilemmas identifies a negative relationship among job satisfaction and Job Performance respectively. The current investigation included some insightful factors triggering ethical dilemmas among the teachers. This study is limited to some specific cities of AJ&K and Pakistan. Only schools and colleges have been focused, universities can be examined in future. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Public Administration, University of Kotli, AJ&K, Pakistan. Assistant Professor/Chairperson, Department of Public Administration, University of Kotli, AJ&K, Pakistan PhD Scholar, Department of Finance, Shanxi university of finance and Economics, Taiyuan,China. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/factors-triggering-ethical-dilemmas-in-teaching-sector-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).22 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Document Analysis of Secondary School Curriculum Regarding Ethical and Moral Education in Punjab Syeda Tehzeeb Alvi Afifa Khanam Tahira Kalsoom Religious and Moral values Secondary level Curriculum Affective domain Critical thinking Scheme of Studies In this study the researcher has analysed the secondary school curriculum regarding ethical and moral education in Punjab. In the study, 46 subjects, with 552 lessons, taught at secondary level, have been analysed. The books for these subjects are published by the Punjab Curriculum and Text Book Board (PCTB). The study examines the function of documents as a data source regarding ethical and moral education at secondary level through a self- structured rubric which has been prepared after extensive review of literature and was validated by subject experts. The article takes an evaluative approach with critical evaluation of the textbooks. The study found that the curriculum at the secondary level does not meet the needs of the students for developing sound, moral and ethical values and skills in students due to less emphasis in content, and least effort in training of students for moral and ethical acts. Humanity Publications Religious and Moral values, Secondary level, Curriculum, Affective domain, Critical thinking, Scheme of Studies Assistant Professor, Department, Institute of Education, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department, Institute of Education, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/document-analysis-of-secondary-school-curriculum-regarding-ethical-and-moral-education-in-punjab https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).23 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, ICTs, and Digital Economy: A Cross-District Analysis of Baseline Data for Gilgit-Baltistan Aftab Ahmed Khan Saranjam Muhammad Baig Faqeer Muhammad Access to Computer Access to Internet ICT Usage Mountain Regions In the fast digitizing world, the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is pivotal for providing greater, efficient, and easier access to many basic services in the everyday life. In the era of globalization, ICT also provides opportunities for self-employment and income generation. It has the potential to pull many isolated regions out of poverty and it provides opportunities. In regard, the purpose of the research is to highlight the current status of ICT usage and infrastructure across various districts in Gilgit-Baltistan. It is anticipated that the installation of fiber optic cable from China to Pakistan along the CPEC route will connect Gilgit-Baltistan to the rest of the world by high speed internet. Using the baseline information, we explore the current ICT related challenges and opportunities, which will help developing an ICT framework for Gilgit-Baltistan in order to take advantage of the opportunities that CPEC promises. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan. Director, Center for Research on CPEC (CRC), Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/chinapakistan-economic-corridor-icts-and-digital-economy-a-crossdistrict-analysis-of-baseline-data-for-gilgitbaltistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).24 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Impact of Student Support Services on Students Development at University Level Shabeena Shaheen Ziarab Mahmood Nazir Haider Shah SSS Student Development University Level The main purpose of the study was to scrutinize the impact of student support services (SSS) on students’ development at the university level. The research design was quantitative in nature. The population of the study comprised of all university students of Islamabad. The simple random technique was used for the selection of the sample. The respondents were 80 students from those universities. Data were collected through a questionnaire and it has consisted of 56 items. Data were analyzed using statically mean, standard deviation and regression analysis of the impact of SSS on students’ development. The findings of study reveal that library services are adequate as compared to the availability of other support services and the results also reveal a strong relationship found among student support services and students’ development. It is recommended that the universities should make sure the availability of SSS. Humanity Publications Student, Department of Education, Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University Nerian Sharif, AJ&K, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University Nerian Sharif, AJ&K, Pakistan. Assistant Professor Department of Education, Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University Nerian Sharif, AJ&K, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/impact-of-student-support-services-on-students-development-at-university-level https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).25 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Print Media Coverage of Political Parties in Pakistan: Treatment of Opinion Pages of the Daily Jang and Daily Dawn Abida Noureen Haseeb ur Rehman Khuram Shams Coverage Print Media Political Parties Indexing Theory Historically, Print media especially newspapers in Pakistan were considered as mature and objective in their business. Currently, the phenomenon of ‘popular and crispy style’ of editorials is being explored for enhancing the readership of newspapers. Theperceptions we make in our mindsabout the worldare mostly basedon second-handreality which sometimes creates distortion in the information we receive whether it comes from media or any other channel of communication. Therefore, the role of media in framing certain aspects of political parties for the target audiences has been drastically enhanced in recent decades. The present study has focused on the coverage of political parties in the light of framing theory. The mainstream media covered these activities of the parties differently as some newspapers gave huge coverage while some others gave moderate or low coverage. The goal of this research study was to explore how leading dailies Daily Jang and Daily Dawn covered main political parties PTI and PML-N in the light of Indexing theory Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Media Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Arts & Media, Foundation University Islamabad, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of Media Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/print-media-coverage-of-political-parties-in-pakistan-treatment-of-opinion-pages-of-the-daily-jang-and-daily-dawn https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).26 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Identification of Factors that Undermine the Teaching-Learning Process in the Subject of Physics at Secondary School Level Kifayat Khan Munir Khan Abdur Rashid Teaching Physics Undermining Factors Teaching-Learning Process Laboratory Implement. Teaching of Physics involves theoretical as well as practical skills development of students at secondary school level. The main aim of the study was to identify the factors that undermine the teaching learning process in the subject of physics. All secondary school’s science teachers were considered as population of the study. Two hundred (200) science teachers (100 each male and female) were selected as sample of the study through stratified random sampling techniques. Data was collected through a self-developed questionnaire of reliability coefficient 0.84 and were analyzed using statistical tools. The unavailability of physics teachers, laboratory, classrooms, related books were concluded undermining factors. Lake of physics teachers, and unfavorable working environment were found dominant in male teachers’ school than female. The educational authorities with the collaboration of community can play their role to overcome these undermining factors in the subject Physics. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Haripur, Haripur, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Malakand, Malakand, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer in Education, Department of Education, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal Dir Upper, KP, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/identification-of-factors-that-undermine-the-teachinglearning-process-in-the-subject-of-physics-at-secondary-school-level- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).27 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Education for Building Bridges and Strengthening Physical Infrastructural Linkages in South Asia: A Case Study of South Asian University Salma Malik Shabana Fayyaz South Asian University SAARC Madrassah COSATT Covid-19 Literacy Rate RCSS Multi-track diplomacy provides an effective theoretical model, which considers education as an important track integral in ushering peace, building bridges, creating the necessary infrastructure, changing mindsets and ultimately enabling a transformation from conflict prone to peace-oriented societies. Thus, giving rise to the idea of a regional higher education institution, primarily to build a regional center of excellence, with a shared common vision, that would help create a South Asian community and provide equitable access to students from all over the region. However, functioning for a decade now, the South Asian University has not been able to achieve many of the aims associated with it, largely due to the inherent hurdles and regional politics. This study will highlight the impediments faced within the region for utilizing education as an effective bridge builder and agent for positive conflict transformation and further examine the SAU's ability to transcend the deeply entrenched conflict narrative. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Defence & Strategic Studies (DSS), Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Defence & Strategic Studies (DSS), Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/education-for-building-bridges-and-strengthening-physical-infrastructural-linkages-in-south-asia-a-case-study-of-south-asian-university https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).28 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Irregular Migration, Trafficking into Forced Marriage, and Health Insecurity Muhammad Makki Kakar Farhan Naveed Yousaf Ahmed Yousif Ahmed Al Draiweesh Irregular Migration Trafficking into Forced Marriage Health Insecurity Gender This study focuses on the lived experiences of women and girls trafficked from Afghanistan to Pakistan for forced marriages and highlights the ways they experience health insecurity associated with their exploitation. The primary data for this paper is drawn from in-depth interviews conducted with twelve women and girls trafficked from Afghanistan to the Balochistan province of Pakistan. The study showcases that the victims of trafficking are exposed to severe health risks during and after migration. As the victims lack legal status, they continue to experience exploitation and health insecurity throughout their lives. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Sociology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Institute of Social and Cultural Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Sharia and Law, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/irregular-migration-trafficking-into-forced-marriage-and-health-insecurity https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).29 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Parental Conflict and Role of Child Protection & Welfare Bureau on Children's Life Hira Azhar Rajpoot Abid Ghafoor Chaudhry Parent's Conflict Child Protection Child Neglection Child Abuse Child Integration The study is based on parental conflict and the role of the Child Protection & Welfare Bureau (CP&WB) on children’s life. Parental disharmony and friction can have a devastating effect on children and their mental growth. Besides posing a serious impediment to their change as they grow, the parental difference may lead to damaging lifelong effects on the children’s well-being. Kids may feel anxiety, depression, shame,or other similar issues when parental relationships result in impaired parenting practices arising out of conflict. The research was conducted at CP&WB in Bahawalpur. The study aimed to investigate the role of the Bureau for the betterment of the children. The methodology of the research was explanatory and the methods used for the research were interviews and observation. It was found that the bureau generally provided love, care, and met the basic need of the children for their social betterment and mental growth. Humanity Publications Student, Department of Anthropology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/parental-conflict-and-role-of-child-protection-welfare-bureau-on-childrens-life https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).30 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Indian Woman and her Sexuality: An Investigation Through Heterogeneous Application of Symbolic Masks in Girish Karnad's Hayavadana Amara Khan Disguise Incompleteness Mask Revelation Theatre Tradition A critical look at the masks of different characters of Girish Karnad’s play Hayavadana (1971) shows that they serve two significant purposes; of both hiding and supporting the truth, which in itself is a relative phenomenon. I, here, focus on the objectives, techniques and types of mask usage in terms of disguise and revelation at the physical, emotional and psychological levels. The paper further highlights the power that the characters enjoy over other characters by using specific masks. By highlighting the theme of incompleteness in the play, the playwright seems to question Hindu religious and traditional values. The veiled wants of the characters are also shown to the readers in this article through a variety of subtle techniques. Qualitative approach has been adopted as methodology where the interpretive method of inquiry has been employed to explore the hidden meanings within the text. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/indian-woman-and-her-sexuality-an-investigation-through-heterogeneous-application-of-symbolic-masks-in-girish-karnads-hayavadana https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).31 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Teachers' Error Treatment Practices and Perceptions in Teaching English to Adult EFL Learners in Saudi Arabia: A Gender-Based Qualitative Study Muhammad Sabboor Hussain Khaled B. Albesher Aisha Farid Gender-Based Qualitative Study Error Treatment Psychological Dimensions Adult EFL/ESL Learners. This paper explores error treatment practices in teaching English to Saudi adult English Language learners. In this genderbased qualitative study, thirty-six male and twenty-four female teachers were interviewed, using Hendrickson's (1978) theoretical framework to analyze learners' error treatment practices by EFL teachers. No significant difference in the male and female teachers was found in their perception of the students' errors, reasons and ways to correct students' errors and their perceptions of the backwash effect of the error correction. However, female teachers find a lack of student motivation as a major cause of errors. The study has also explored some unreflective and unprofessional error treatment practices that urge the need for regular training for the teachers to make them aware of the psychological dimensions of error treatment practices. The study recommends the transformation of the traditional style of teaching into coaching to give professional, reflective, and effective treatment to adult EFL/ESL learners' errors. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, GC Women University, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, English Language Department, The College of Arabic Language and Social Studies, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia. Assistant Professor, Department of English, GC Women University, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Teachers-Error-Treatment-Practices-and-Perceptions-in-Teaching-English-to-Adult-EFL-Learners-in-Saudi-Arabia-A-Gender-Based-Qualitative-Study https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).32 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Comparative Analysis between Federation and Federalism Muhammad Tariq Federation Federalism Government Units Framework This paper discusses the comparative analysis between federalism and federation. Federalism is a theoretical framework while federation is a legal term manifesting itself in pragmatic form. The former is normative while the latter is descriptive in nature. Federalism is the means while federation is the end as there can be federalism without federation but there can be no federation without federalism. Federalism refers to an ideological perspective which acts as prescriptive guide while federation connotes constitutionally well-established institution. It has been discussed in formal centralized or effective centralized form, unitary or decentralized form, symmetrical or asymmetrical form, and fully or partially centralized form. Centripetal and Centrifugal forces provide the basic framework for federalism. Various forms of federations have been discussed in parlance of three different models of federalism. Humanity Publications School Teacher, Elementary & Secondary Education Department Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/comparative-analysis-between-federation-and-federalism https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).33 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Role of Accreditation in Quality Enhancement of Technical and Engineering Education Imran Ashraf Afshan Huma Accreditation Engineering Education Quality Enhancement Technical Education. Several researchers have noticed the role of technical and engineering education in economic progress. For quality of technical and engineering education, accreditation and quality enhancement are two important processes. This study was conducted because accreditation is a recent phenomenon and not well-researched in the context of technical and engineering education in Pakistan. This study explores the relationship between Accreditation and Quality Enhancement of technical and engineering education in Pakistan. It will be helpful for the policymakers in identifying the problems and suggesting changes in Accreditation process. The quantitative data was collected through survey and qualitative data was collected through in-depth interviews. In first phase response of ninety heads of program was received and then ten selected heads of programs were interviewed. The findings of all phases were integrated during the interpretation phase. It was concluded that in Pakistan there is a positive correlation between accreditation process and quality enhancement. Humanity Publications Ph D Scholar, Department of Educational Planning, Policy Studies and Leadership, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Planning, Policy Studies and Leadership, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/role-of-accreditation-in-quality-enhancement-of-technical-and-engineering-education https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).34 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Modern Trends and Voting Behaviours in Politics of District Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan Muhammad Farooq Akbar Leghari Aftab Hussain Gillani Muhammad Wasim Abbas South Punjab Politics Voting Behavior General Election Comparison Modern Trends in Politics Elections play a significant role in democratic governance. The present investigation exhibited changing scenario as the importance of numerous factors is replaced by others which affects the magnitude of voting behavior of common peoples participating in electoral politics. It elucidates the causes that constitute political affiliation in District Dera Ghazi Khan. During our field surveys most of the respondents pleaded that Biradari and caste system encounter political leadership at local and country levels. The results reflect that people of District Dera Ghazi Khan (tribal and rural area) were mostly in favor of caste based preferences of political leader in electoral system. Peoples had their own preferences and vision across the literate or illiterate voter. The voter decides independently which person would be suitable political leader in his constituency. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Pakistan Studies, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor/ Chairman, Department of Pakistan Studies, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Pakistan Studies, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/modern-trends-and-voting-behaviours-in-politics-of-district-dera-ghazi-khan-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).35 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Evaluation of Punjab Education and English Language Initiative (PEELI) Project in Pakistan Samia Naz Sarwat Jabeen Abdul Rashid Punjab Education and English Language Initiative CIPP Model Child-Centered Classroom Professional Development. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Punjab Education and English Language Initiative (PEELI) interventions (2018-19) on professional skills of primary school teachers in Punjab using Stufflebeam’s CIPP evaluation model (1983). PEELI is a collaborative project between the Government of the Punjab and British Council being implemented through Quaid-e-Azam Academy for Educational Development Punjab, Pakistan. In this qualitative research, data has been obtained through British Council’s Annual Reports, quarterly reports of third party, semi-structured interviews with four stakeholders, twelve trainers and thirty six primary school teachers in twelve districts of Punjab. The findings suggest that PEELI interventions have created positive impact on classroom delivery for making it child-centric. The study recommends the following strategies to achieve positive outcomes: needs analysis of primary teachers in the beginning of the project, equal opportunity of training to young and senior primary teachers, continuous professional development of teachers and developing follow up mechanism. Humanity Publications Course Coordinator, Quaid-e-Azam Academy for Educational Development Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Bahadur Sub Campus Layyah, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Layyah, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/evaluation-of-punjab-education-and-english-language-initiative-peeli-project-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).36 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Media, War and Peace: Towards Peace Journalism Strategies in Pakistan Inamullah Jan Shabir Hussain Peace Journalism Propaganda Conflict Escalation Terrorism Structural and Ideological Factors Semi Structured Interviews. In this article, the researchers have examined various factors that affect reporting of two deadly conflicts in Pakistan and identify peace-oriented strategies to help resolve these conflicts. For this purpose, comprehensive and inclusive interviews were conducted with reporters covering the Taliban conflict and the ethno-political conflict in Karachi. The researchers found that the nature of a conflict and threats from conflict stakeholders were the important factors that shape the production of conflict news. As far as peace journalism strategies are concerned, it was found that a more contextual way of reporting alongside humanization those sufferers would facilitate broader understanding and resolution of these conflicts in Pakistan. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Politics and International Relations, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Media Studies, Bahria University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/media-war-and-peace-towards-peace-journalism-strategies-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).37 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Application of Qualitative Management Techniques in Administrative and Academic Decision Making at Higher Secondary Level in Punjab Liaqat Ali Muhammad Yousaf Tariq Javaid Qualitative Management Techniques Decision Making Planning Directing Higher Secondary Level. The purpose of the present research was to study the application of qualitative management techniques in administrative and academic decision making at higher secondary level in Punjab. The present study was a kind of exploratory and descriptive research. By using stratified random sampling technique, (197) principals of public higher secondary schools were selected as a sample. A self developed questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed by performing independent sample t-test. The findings of the study showed that there was no significant difference between over all male and female Principals extent of the use of qualitative decision making techniques in planning, directing and as well as in administrative and academic decision making process. However, there found to be difference between over all male and female Principals extent of the use of qualitative decision making techniques in organizing process. Training may be launched to improve the use of decision making techniques. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Education, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Education, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/application-of-qualitative-management-techniques-in-administrative-and-academic-decision-making-at-higher-secondary-level-in-punjab https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).38 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Scientific Reasoning Ability and Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students Mushtaq Ahmad M. Anees-ul- Husnain Shah Muhammad Arslan Raheem Scientific Reasoning Ability testing Academic Achievement & Secondary School Science Students Scientific reasoning ability is considered as developing ability and is improved through knowledge acquisition. So, the study was opted to find out the relationship between the scientific reasoning ability and the achievement marks of SSC science graduates. All SSC science graduates enrolled in intermediate 1st year class in any public or private college of Punjab were the population. 1620 students from four districts were conveniently selected. The suitable test Lawson reasoning ability test was adapted with permission to make it bilingual and pilot testing brought Cronbachs α value 0.914. Test was administered to 1620 students of both public and private colleges whereas returned rate was 93.7%. Results calculated through descriptive statistics and Pearson Correlation was no significant relationship between reasoning ability test scores and the SSC marks. It was recommended that assessment agencies i.e. Board of intermediate and Secondary education may include the items of higher order thinking in assessment. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Education, DG Khan Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Education, DG Khan Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/scientific-reasoning-ability-and-academic-achievement-of-secondary-school-students https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).39 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Impact of Differentiated Instruction on Student Learning: Perception of Students and Teachers Javed Iqbal Abdul Majeed Khan Muhammad Nisar Differentiated Instruction Learning Academic Performance. The present study examines the perceptions and influences of the teachers and the students in relation to differentiated education. The research population contains all the academic departments of Karakoram International University (KIU). Five departments were selected as sample of the study. Moreover 5 teachers and 10 students were selected from each department. The study objectives were 1) to find out teachers perception of differentiated instruction. 2) to find out students’ perception of differentiated instruction. 3) to examine how differentiated instruction, influence student classroom learning. The questionnaire was used as a research instrument. Data were collected and the analysis revealed the following conclusion: 1) Differentiated instructions have a great influence on the students learning 2.) The teachers use Differentiated guidance for improving high-quality skills of the students. 3) Differential teaching is pervasive and promotes the learning environment in the classroom. The key recombination was made that teacher should promote and enhance differentiated instruction as a learning strategy. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Development, Karakoram International University, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Mianwali, Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan. Principal, Department of Education, Model High School, Shakardarra, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/impact-of-differentiated-instruction-on-student-learning-perception-of-students-and-teachers https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).40 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Relationship of Principals Academic Decision-Making Practices with Faculty Morale: A Study of Colleges in Punjab Muhammad Nadeem Shahzad Muhammad Tahir Khan Farooqi Waqar Ali Academic Decision Making Practices Morale Principals Faculty Colleges. This study examines the relationship between principals academic decision-making practices and faculty morale. A descriptive survey study has been adopted. The population of the study comprised all the faculty members working in public sector colleges of Punjab, province of Pakistan. Two questionnaires based on five-point Likert Scale, namely Academic Decision-Making Practices (ADMP) questionnaire to measure practices was adopted by the principals and Faculty Morale Scale (FMS) to measure morale of teaching faculty. The collected data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, correlation coefficient and linear regression model. A positive significant relationship between principals academic decision making practices and morale of faculty members was found. Some academic decision-making practices like decisions based on policy matter, promote academic development, power delegation, employees participation collect information and planning are significantly correlated with morale of faculty. While, some practices such as diplomacy and use rules to suit themselves do not correlate with morale. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, University of Education Lahore (Okara Campus), Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Education, University of Education Lahore (Okara Campus), Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Education, University of Education Lahore (Okara Campus), Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/relationship-of-principals-academic-decisionmaking-practices-with-faculty-morale-a-study-of-colleges-in-punjab https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).41 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Comparison of Impact of Traditional and Modern Teaching Methods on Students' Performance at Elementary School Level Obaid Ullah Mohammad Iqbal Word Wall (WW) Lecture method (LM) Student Performance Control Group (CG) Experimental Group (EG) Teaching method acts as a fundamental catalyst of engineering the students learning at all levels. The present research explores the effect of lecture and word wall approaches on elementary level students in their academics with respect to their conceptual comprehension. The purpose of the study was pre-testing and post-testing experimental research that is equivalent group, while in the sample of study 50 students from class 5 were divided into two categories: 25 students in control and experimental classes.The data was collected through pretest and posttest in the form of written tests from students on weekly basis, which was analyzed via ANCOVA using SPSS. The results show that a modern teaching method, i.e. the word-wall, and a high conceptual understanding, enhances the performance of students in the experimental group. It also recommended that the students retain academic principles using modern assessment methods, adopt new teaching strategies and provide cognitive training. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Faculty of Education, NUML, Islamabad, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Education, Department of Education, SUIT, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Comparison-of-Impact-of-Traditional-and-Modern-Teaching-Methods-on-Students-Performance-at-Elementary-School-Level https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).42 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Portrayal of Victims of Global Conflict in US, Indian and Pakistani Press Yasar Arafat Rooh Ul Amin Khan Muhammad Atif Shehzad Proximity International Conflict Victim Framing News Media The article claims that one way to be used use the proximity in empirical analyses of framing victims of international conflicts is to measure the religious proximity and their intention of intervention between the media of reporting country and conflicting parties. Using qualitative content analysis, our research will demonstrate that religious proximity and intervention intention is related to successful framing of conflicting victims, building in the hypothesized direction: The closer the proximity between reporting country and conflict actor, the greater the chance that the actor will be highly empathized and the opposite side framing will be highly brutalized. The study analyzes each story with four functional frames suggested by Entman. Research will focus that media of reporting countries will frame victims and actor of each conflict with respect to their proximity bound based on political, cultural and economic relation. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Media and Communication Studies, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Media and Communication Studies, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Media and Communication Studies, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/portrayal-of-victims-of-global-conflict-in-us-indian-and-pakistani-press https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).43 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Challenges of Novice Teachers and Strategies to Cope at Secondary Level Gulzar Ahmed Waqar Un Nisa Faizi Sana Akbar Novice Teachers Challenges Strategies Job Satisfaction The main purpose of this research study was to find out challenges of novice teachers affecting their performance and suggest measures to control their attrition. Population of the study comprised all novice teachers of public sector girls secondary schools of Sahiwal, Okara and Pakpattan districts. Sample of the study consisted on 206 novice teachers randomly selected from 45 schools out of population. A self-developed questionnaire consisted on Five - point Likert scale was used to collect data, which was organized, tabulated, analyzed and interpreted by using mean score, frequency score, percentage, standard deviation and t-value. It was found that lack of conducive school environment, non-supportive head teachers attitude, lack of pedagogical skills and students disruptive behavior create hindrances for novice teachers to perform their duties in better ways. It was recommended that provision of head teachers supportive attitude and conducive school environment prove helpful in novice teachers job retention. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Teacher Education, Shaikh Ayaz University, Shikarpur, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Islamia College Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of Education, University of Education Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/challenges-of-novice-teachers-and-strategies-to-cope-at-secondary-level https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).44 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Effect of Institutional Climate on Students Ethical Grooming: A Secondary School Level Study Muhammad Nisar Ul Haq Muhammad Zaigham Qadeer Javed Iqbal Moral Development Secondary Schools Ethics Effect Institutional Climate Schools are the best places which support students’ moral development. The purpose of this research study was to determine the effect of institutional climate on students ethical grooming. The sample comprised of sixty (60) heads, three hundred (300) SSTs and three hundred (300) students of Punjab School Education Department selected on a random basis. The questionnaires and interview schedule was used as tools of research. The research tools were piloted and validated before actual data survey. It was concluded that the institutional climate has a positive effect on ethical grooming of students. A large number of ethical traits like discipline, teamwork, time management, religious diversity, manners and etiquettes, cultural diversity, confidence, speaking skills, intellectual skills, attitude and leadership qualities flourished in the institutions. It is recommended that a society for developing students’ ethical grooming may be established at the school, district, division, provincial and state levels. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Development, Karakoram International University, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Science Education, Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Development, Karakoram International University, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/effect-of-institutional-climate-on-students-ethical-grooming-a-secondary-school-level-study https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).45 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Assessing Psychometrics of Goal Orientation Scale in Pakistani Context Iqbal Ahmad M. Anees ul Husnain Shah Muhammad Saeed Goal Orientation Scale Validation Teacher Education Psychometric Testing Goal orientation has been tested all over the world. However, the present study was conducted to validate the Goal Orientation Scale in Pakistan. A total of 141 students from two Pakistani public sector universities participated. A cross validation procedure based on factor analysis was adopted to analyze the collected data. The study was conducted in two stages. During the first stage, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was performed to assess the four-factor structure. In the second stage, the hypothesized four-factor model was assessed by using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The results supported the four-factor model consisting of task orientation, self-enhancing orientation, self-defeating orientation and avoidance orientation. Reliability and validity estimates confirmed the adequacy of GOS as a reliable and valid scale for measuring goal orientation of students in the higher education context of Pakistan. Further research is recommended to test the scale in other fields for getting more robust results. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Education, DG Khan Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Senior Headmaster, Government High School, Toba Tek Singh, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/assessing-psychometrics-of-goal-orientation-scale-in-pakistani-context https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).46 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Impact of Religion on the Personality Development of Non-Muslims Students Living in Pakistan Aneela Sana Akhtar Akhtar Ali Sobia Altaf Religion Personality Development Attitude The current study aimed to examine the impact of religiosity on the personality development of non-Muslim students living in Pakistan. Social development, Emotional control, Attitude for various situations of life, Tolerance, Attitude towards others and creativity were the major factors that have been observed. Major contribution of study was to trace out the relationship of different religious students with their personality development. It was concluded that the personality of Christian and Hindu students was directly associated with their religious beliefs and practices. The study proposed further research in the field to investigate personality development in Christian and Hindu majority population Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/impact-of-religion-on-the-personality-development-of-nonmuslims-students-living-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).47 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Role of Technology in Developing Oral Fluency among Intermediate Students Mahnoor Zahra Tanveer Hussain Deeba Shahwar Modern Technology Oral Fluency Use of Technology in Second Language Learning. Use of technology develops learner oral fluency, as well as their other learning skills. The recent research is on the role of modern technology in developing oral fluency of English among the students of intermediate level. The objective of the paper is to answer the question, what role technology plays in developing the oral fluency of learners? This study has been built on the hypothesis that technology has a positive influence on oral fluency, as by using technology learners enhance their oral fluency. In order to check our hypothesis this study used the quantitative data through questionnaire from 200 students (both male and female) aged between 17-19 years, at intermediate level from Government Emerson College Multan and Government Degree College Multan. The framework employed in this study is the input hypothesis by Stephen Krashen (1977). The hypothesis that technology plays positive role in developing oral fluency among students is proved in conclusion. Humanity Publications MPhil scholar, Department of English, The Women University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, School of Media and Communication Studies, University of Management and Technology Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Mass Communication, The Women University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/role-of-technology-in-developing-oral-fluency-among-intermediate-students https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).48 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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A Study on the Quality Assurance Practices being Adopted in Public and Private Universities of Punjab, Pakistan Sadia Ayaz Khalid Rashid Muhammad Ramzan Quality Assurance Quality Content Quality Learning Outcomes Quality Learning Environment Study was undertaken to find quality assurance practices being adopted in public and private sector higher education institutes of Punjab Pakistan. There were total 156 faculty members (male & female) in the selected four departments of 10 selected universities (5 from public and five from private) which constitute as accessible population of this study. Self-constructed instrument was validated by expert opinion and pilot testing. The responses of the faculty members were measured with the help of frequency and their percentages, mean and standard deviations. It was concluded that the quality assurance practice regarding quality learning environment, quality learning outcomes, quality content etc are contributing towards the provision of learning environment. Institutions wise no significant difference was found in all quality assurance practices discussed in the study. It was recommended that practical application of other countries may be put to practice on small scale first and thereafter on extensive level. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD, School Education Department, Al-Jannat Villas, 13/G Road Chishtian (Bahawal Nagar), Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/a-study-on-the-quality-assurance-practices-being-adopted-in-public-and-private-universities-of-punjab-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).49 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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An Exploratory Study of the Factors that Promote and Delay Sustainable EcoTourism Development in Mansehra Usman Khan Faisal Khan Muhammad Faizan Malik Mansehra Tourism Potential Challenges Prospects Management Geographically Mansehra district is situated on Karakoram Highway that links to ancient Taxila, Kashmir, Gilgit-Baltistan, China, and Central Asia. It is the central point for visitors, transportation, exchange, and business in the northern zone. This vicinity is constantly cherished by visitors for its rich potential of tourism attractions with delightful nature, magnificent valleys, and high altitude mountains for adventures and nature lovers. However, this research seeks to make contributions to the present literature of heritage management and tourism development through exploring the rich tourism potential in Mansehra. Exploratory in nature, the study adopts a qualitative technique combining primary and secondary data analysis and scholars observation. The findings reveal that Mansehra has no longer yet been scientifically explored and developed as a tourism destination. The general problems that preclude the development of tourism activities in Mansehra are lack of awareness, basic tourism infrastructure, scientifically exploration and documentation, developmental plan, waste management, conservation, and poor management of cultural and natural sites. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Foundation University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Management Science, University of Swabi, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Business Studies and Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/an-exploratory-study-of-the-factors-that-promote-and-delay-sustainable-ecotourism-development-in-mansehra https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).50 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Finnish Education System and its Triumph in Pisa: Lessons to Learn for Pakistan Sobia Altaf Abid Shehzad Aneela Sana Akhtar Finnish Education System Teacher Education Pakistan PISA Finland has emerged as world leader in terms of educational achievement and become a symbol for school development and reforms since the first exam of Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), a test structured for the fifteen-year-old students, in science and language literacy, on which it ranked highest among Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) nations. The major aim of the study was 1) to review the factors behind the phenomenal success of Finnish education system, 2) what lessons possibly Pakistan could learn while considering the differences. The findings were that there were no isolated factors that have a contribution in the success of Finnish Education system rather there were numerous interrelated factors that had added strength to Finland's successful educational structure. Moreover, the educational policies in the long run, the culture of trust and the passion of Finnish citizens for reading are the other reasons for this triumph. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/finnish-education-system-and-its-triumph-in-pisa-lessons-to-learn-for-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).51 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Effect of Instructionally Embedded Formative Assessment on Students' Motivation to Learn at Higher Education Level Shumaila Hameed Mumtaz Akhter Instructionally Embedded Formative Assessment Motivation Self-Efficacy Goal Orientation Learning Strategies Formative assessment is known for its positive effects it has on students' achievement. This study was designed to find out the effect of formative assessment on students' motivation at the higher education level. This study was experimental in nature; intact pre-test post-test control group design was used for data collection purpose. Sample of the study was selected conveniently, which comprised of undergraduate students. Students belonging to the experimental group were taught with instructional embedded formative assessment, whereas students belonging to the control group were taught with formal teaching methods. Students of both groups were required to fill a motivation questionnaire at the start and end of the study to check the level of intervention. Data collected through pre-test and post-test were analyzed using SPSS. The findings of the current study had suggested that instructional embedded formative assessment had a significant positive effect on students' motivation towards learning at the higher education level. Humanity Publications PhD. Scholar, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Education, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/effect-of-instructionally-embedded-formative-assessment-on-students-motivation-to-learn-at-higher-education-level https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).52 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Impact of Servant Leadership on Teaching Effectiveness: A Study of Public Sector Universities, KP, Pakistan Aftab Haider Muhammad Anees Khan Tanveer Taj Servant Leadership (SL) Leadership Teaching Effectiveness (TE) Structural Equation Modeling Among many leadership styles, servant leadership is among recent style that is getting a wide range of attention and acceptance among business researchers and academia. The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of Servant leadership influence on teaching effectiveness. Data were collected through questionnaires from 480 students of two public sector universities KPK. Structured Equation Modeling (AMOS) was employed to test the hypotheses of the study. Three models were developed and tested. The results show that Servant Leadership had a positive but insignificant impact on teaching effectiveness; interesting findings are that individual dimensions of servant leadership had a strong positive and significant impact on teaching effectiveness. Thus, this paper provides in-depth analysis necessary for higher educational institutes and Business institutions, for practical and theoretical implications to adopt servant leadership at the workplace. Humanity Publications Senior Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Senior Assistant Professor, Department of Management Studies, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Business Studies, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/impact-of-servant-leadership-on-teaching-effectiveness-a-study-of-public-sector-universities-kp-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).54 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Teachers' Preparation: A Contribution of Distance Education in Pakistan Abdul Waheed Asad Naeem Manuchaher Rashdah Jabeen Teacher Training Teacher Education Distance Education Distance Tutor Tutorials Assignments Workshop Correspondence Material Study Centre. The main objectives of the study were to explore the theoretical and practical component of teacher training programme and effectiveness of instructional package particularly the instructional material and contribution of the teacher education programme of distance education in teacher training. In light of the literature review, the three questionnaires were developed to survey the contribution of the teacher education programme of distance education in teacher training. The respondents were of the opinion that the instructional package, particularly instructional material, is effective for teacher training. The tutorial system contributes to the interaction between the tutor and students as well as peer students. T.V programmes on teachers' education are also providing additional information. Lesson planning and different teaching strategies are practised during training workshops. Distance education is on par with the formal system of formal teacher education system. Humanity Publications Senior Subject Specialist, Department of Education, Government Higher Secondary School Padshahan, Chakwal, Punjab, Pakistan. DEO, (SE), Jhelum, Punjab, Pakistan. DEO, W-EE, Chichawatni, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/teachers-preparation-a-contribution-of-distance-education-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).55 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Role of Siraiki in Teaching/Learning English at Graduation Level: A Case Study from the Southern Punjab, Pakistan Muhammad Ahsan Zahoor Hussain Noshaba Younus Teaching Learning Siraiki Grammar Assignments The focus of the present research was to find out the Role of Siraiki Language in Teaching/Learning English Language at graduation Level. By this study the researcher attempted to expose the intentions for which the students and instructors make use of Siraiki in their English language classroom inside and outside activities and in the same way, to show the actions and the situations in which they select for not using their L1. To explore a clear comprehension of the current subject matter, the research targeted on the 577 students and the 156 teachers. Data was collected through questionnaires. The data was examined through SPSS (statistical package for social sciences) 23 version. Data were inspected using descriptive analysis, Analysis of variance (ANOVA), T-Test and Cronbach's alpha. The findings of the present study showed that the students and the teachers indicated highly positive perceptions concerning the use of Siraiki language in EFL classroom. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Bahaudin Zakariya University, Layya Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. Instructor, Department of English, Riphah International University Faisalabad Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/role-of-siraiki-in-teachinglearning-english-at-graduation-level-a-case-study-from-the-southern-punjab-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).56 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Family Relations after the Emergence of Social Media: A Comparative Analysis of Single-Family and Joint Family Systems Tanveer Hussain Iqra Imtiaz Ashraf Iqbal Social Media; Family Communication; Survey; Media Displacement This study's main aim is to explore the impact of social media on family ties. A quantitative method of survey is used to gather data. The survey is conducted both face-to-face and through emails. One hundred respondent take part in this research through a survey while media displacement theory implemented on present research. Statistics indicate that people living in a single-family group use more social media than people living together. Findings also say people are using social media to escape family problems. There is a small disparity between the people who live in both family systems on whether or not social media eliminates the original family. The present research suggests more awareness in better usage of social media to avoid family values destruction. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, School of Media and Communication Studies, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. MS Scholar, School of Media and Communication Studies, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor (Incharge), Department of Mass Communication, GC University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/family-relations-after-the-emergence-of-social-media-a-comparative-analysis-of-singlefamily-and-joint-family-systems https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).57 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Development and Standardization of Indigenous Student Problem Identification Scale Fizzah Abid Warris Ivan Suneel Samuel Saima Majeed Problem Transition Scale Development University/Undergraduate Students Mental Health Academic Issues. An individual's development ensures continuous changes that introduce challenges and conflicts that may hassle him. Transition to the university may expose them to a wide array of threats that they may not be able to cope with successfully. These may thus influence individuals' psychological and behavioral functioning and physical wellbeing. It may be the institution's responsibility to provide help to these individuals; however, for this purpose, these problems need to be identified and evaluated foremost. Henceforth, this research is concerned with the development and standardization of the Student Problem Identification Scale (SPIS) on a sample of 415 undergraduates. Through a semi-structured interview, a list of problems was generated. Those that were recurring were subsequently removed. The obtained list was reviewed by four experts who provided feedback on the relevance of each item. The list was then put through statistical analysis, and its psychometric properties were evaluated. Principal Component Analysis with Varimax rotation and Kaisar normalization generated four factors that were labeled as Personal Pressures, Poor Adjustment, Low Academic Achievement, and Unhealthiness. Convergent validity was determined with the help of the Student Problem Checklist (Mahmood & Saleem, 2011). Cronbach Alpha revealed excellent internal consistency of the scale. Implications for further research are also discussed. Humanity Publications Research Student, Department of Psychology, Forman Christian College: A Chartered University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Forman Christian College: A Chartered University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Senior Clinical Psychologist, Punjab Institute of Mental Health, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/development-and-standardization-of-indigenous-student-problem-identification-scale https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).58 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Comparative Study of the Effectiveness of Secondary Schools Leadership: Promotee and Punjab Public Service Commission' Selectee Muhammad Arif Muhammad Hameed Nawaz Effectiveness School Leadership PPSC Selectee Promotee Chi-Square The study was aimed to check the effectiveness of secondary schools leadership, i.e. promotee and Punjab Public Service Commission (PPSC) selectees. It was descriptive research and cross-sectional survey design in nature. Population for this study comprised of all 4188 SSTs working under promotes and selectees school leadership across Punjab province. The sample consisted of 648 SSTs selected on a systematic random basis. The opinions were taken from SSTs about their school leadership by a self-developed questionnaire which was based on four points Likert scale. Independent sample t-test and Chi-square tests were applied to analyze the data. The study concluded that Punjab Public Service Commission' selectees school leadership regarding passionate vision, developing a conducive environment and struggle for fostering collaboration are found more effective than promotee school leadership. The study recommends training may be managed for both types of leadership, especially for promotee leaders for better performance. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, The University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Education, The University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/comparative-study-of-the-effectiveness-of-secondary-schools-leadership-promotee-and-punjab-public-service-commission-selectee https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).59 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Policies and Strategies for Reducing Health Disparities: A Study of Toombs County Georgia Zargham Ullah Khan Ujala Siddiq Jaffar Mehmood Butt Policy Population Disease Person State The county Toombs is located in the state of Georgia in the U.S. In the census of the year 2010, the recorded population was 26,067 people. The household number was 9,877, and the number of families counted was 6825. The density of population was recorded 71 persons per square mile. 11,371 houses were found per 31 square miles. This study is done to find out the disparities in the state. The analysis of the data is done in the SPSS. The studied disease is AIDS, Cancer and Diabetes as they were the most emerging diseases among the population. The outburst of the epidemic was also counted and calculated. At the end of this research proposal policy options are given and divided into micro policies and macro policies. These policy options may help to minimize the gap created because of the health. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Hailey college of Banking and Finance, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Faculty of Contemporary Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. M.Phil Scholar, University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/policies-and-strategies-for-reducing-health-disparities-a-study-of-tombs-county-georgia- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).60 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Subjectivity, Power Affairs and Migration: A Foucauldian Analysis of Hamid's Exit West Nayab Sadiq Ali Usman Saleem Sahar Javaid Subjectivity Migration Pakistani Literature in English Foucauldian Studies Genealogy This article explores the issue of subjectivity under migration in Mohsin Hamid's Exit West through the application of Foucauldian theorization of the construction of subject through genealogy. For Foucault, it is the insurrection of subjugated knowledge. It deals with the manifestations of power in the society through 'strategies of domination'. Foucault Emphasizes the controlling of the private lives of the laymen. This subjectified community is "carceral culture" where social subjects face diffused punishments and discipline restricting their personal emancipation. The study finds that migrants experience the issue of subjectivity because of political reasons and the dominance of discourse-media functions as a tool of surveillance of the subjects. Exit West explores the issues of migrants' subjectivity in the context of 9/11 and the western discursive construction of the (Muslim) subjects. Humanity Publications M. Phil, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/subjectivity-power-affairs-and-migration-a-foucauldian-analysis-of-hamids-exit-west https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).61 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Racist Contextualization of the N-Word in Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God Rizwan Aftab Asim Aqeel Mumtaz Ahmad African American Fiction Contextualization Language Linguistics N-Word With Roger Fowler's theory of 'linguistic construction', this study specifically analyses the use of the N-word (nigger) within Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God, its contextual use and the function it plays within the context and sequence of events in the delimited fiction. The N-word, which is considered highly sensitive in American society, especially in the context of African Americans, is analyzed within the immediate context of event and situation in which characters are engaged, depending on who is talking to whom, when and where, and with what purpose in mind. The entire communicative event of the N-word is also placed within the global context to fully situate the event and locate the function of the N-word within and outside the literary text and its use and interpretation in global contexts. This contextual study of Their Eyes Was Watching God argues how the highly sensitive racist words are euphemized through N-word. For this purpose, this study employs linguistic analysis by focusing on delimited text form, meaning, and use within the local and global contexts. Humanity Publications PhD Candidate, Department of English National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities & Linguistics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor-Principal, Department of English, Governament Guru Nanak Postgraduate College, Nankana Sahib, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/racist-contextualization-of-the-nword-in-hurstons-their-eyes-were-watching-god https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).62 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Implementation of Early Childhood Care and Education Curriculum 2017: A Case Study of Pakistani Public Schools Aroona Hashmi Raima Mubashar Fasiha Altaf Early Childhood Care and Education Teachers Practices Curriculum Implementation The study was determined to find the teachers' practices in the implementation of the ECCE curriculum in public schools. The objective of the study was to find out the teachers' practices in the implementation of the ECCE curriculum in public schools. All the ECCE teachers in public schools formed the population of the study. The 20 teachers were observed through the purposive sampling technique. The data was collected by using the ECCE teachers' practices observation protocol in the implementation of the ECCE curriculum. The qualitative data was analyzed through thematic analysis. The data represents that the teachers' practices in ECCE are knowledge, learning environment, instructional strategies, assessment, individualized attention and teacher-parent relation. It is recommended that the ECCE centres may be built-in university campuses for the facilitation of the teaching practices of their prospective teacher. The government may take the initiative to build ECCE centres in collaboration with the private sector to enhance the quality. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. M.Phil Scholar, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/implementation-of-early-childhood-care-and-education-curriculum-2017-a-case-study-of-pakistani-public-schools https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).63 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) - A Project of Assurance for Inclusive and Quality Education in Pakistan Stephen John Pervaiz Ali Mahesar Zahid Hussain Sahito China Pakistan Economic Corridor; and Inclusive & Quality Education Pakistan is a member of UNO and has signed an agreement of achieving SDGs goals by 2030. Providing inclusive and quality education to all citizens of Pakistan is one of the SDGs' goals. All selected goals are interlinked and flaws in one goal could ultimately affect the others. CPEC is a project which is expected to bring economic revolution in China and Pakistan. The purpose of this research study was to explore whether this project (CPEC) will also support Pakistan in providing inclusive and quality education to its people and for the purpose comments of critics and research scholars were explored and analyzed using conceptual and relational content analysis techniques a qualitative approach. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of Education, Sindh Madressa-tul-Islam University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Teacher Education, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/china-pakistan-economic-corridor-cpec-a-project-of-assurance-for-inclusive-and-quality-education-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).64 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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A Qualitative Study on Issues of English Curriculum Implementation at Higher Secondary Level Schools in Pakistan Muhammad Saleem Hafiza Sadiya Iqbal Rafaqat Ali Akbar Issues Curriculum Implementation Level This study was designed to explore the issues of English curriculum implementation at higher secondary level in Punjab. The study was qualitative in nature, and the sample was selected by using a purposive sampling technique that comprised 10 English teachers. One interview protocol named issues of English curriculum implementation was used to collect the data, and thematic analysis was applied to analyze the participants interview transcripts. The interview protocol was also validated by experts. The results of the study showed that English teachers faced various issues of social and ethical development, ensuring the quality of the English language, the validity of curriculum, multiculturalism and textbook alignment with curriculum document. The results of the study suggested giving motivation to English teachers in order to apply effective communication skills in teaching the English language as well as to reduce issues by providing funds, facilitating English teachers and proper supervision of curriculum implementation of English subject. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Government Islamia College Civil lines, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Education, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Director, IER, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/a-qualitative-study-on-issues-of-english-curriculum-implementation-at-higher-secondary-level-schools-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).65 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Pashto-English Hybridization: Unknotting the knitted Compound Words Nisar Ahmad Liaqat Iqbal Muhammad Atif Language contact hybridization compound words language change code-switching Hybridization has a significant role in creating words that have the flavor of both the knotted languages. It not only results in the formation of single words but also leads to compound word creation. The present study aims to unveil hybridization in compound words. For this purpose, 5 Pashto TV programmes from Khyber News were selected through purposive sampling. In this study, the framework developed by Kachru (1978) and adapted by Rasul (2006) has been employed. The findings show that hybridization in compounding is a frequently occurring phenomenon that usually has different arrangements of words from both languages, i.e., Pashto words coming before the English word or vice versa depending on the nature of compounding; however, mostly the Pashto words were placed before. Out of the 84 examples of hybridized compounds, there were only two adjectives, and the rest were compound nouns. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, Govt. Postgraduate College, Nowshera, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Govt. Postgraduate College, Nowshera, KP, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/pashtoenglish-hybridization-unknotting-the-knitted-compound-words https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).66 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Artificial Intelligence as the New Art of War: An Appraisal Shabnam Gul Muhammad Faizan Asghar Adeel Irfan AI Data Mining Hot Cognition Theory of Mind Insurgency Soft Power Unarmedwar The world has been drastically moved into new arenas by the implementation of new technologies in almost every discipline. One such advancement is Artificial Intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is playing a vital role in the military. The data scientists are designing such algorithms that can help in understanding the minds of individuals by closely analyzing the patterns of their thinking. Such Algorithms include many different approaches to data mining. All these advancements in Artificial Intelligence are assisting military forces in devising strategies that will not only enhance the functioning but will also give proactive ways rather than reactive ways while handling the wars or the threat of wars(Manzotti and Chella, 2018). In the contemporary world of using soft powers as a skill to resolve conflicts, the use of Artificial Intelligence in order to win wars through hearts and minds has been a much-needed concept. Data scientists and psychologists need to collaborate and design new algorithms to make the best use of Artificial Intelligence. Humanity Publications Ph. D. Political Science (LCWU), (In-Charge) Department of International Relations, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Mphil, Peace & Counter Terrorism Studies, Minhaj University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Head of Department/Assistant Professor, School of Peace & Counter-Terrorism Studies, Minhaj University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Artificial-Intelligence-as-the-New-Art-of-War-An-Appraisal https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).67 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Fit or Being Fitted: Academic Institutional Managers' Conflict Management Styles Najam ul Kashif Akhtar Ali Muhammad Qasim Ali Conflict Management Styles Win-Lose Position Integrating Style in Conflict Management Public and Private Colleges Southern Punjab The beauty of society lies in the differences of opinions, and if this difference of opinion is constructive, society booms. The difference of opinions is also known as conflict of opinions. The study aimed to explore the practices and perceptions of different conflict management styles adopted by the different academic managers in the area of Southern Punjab. As the research problem is a current phenomenon and survey research design is most appropriate to achieve such kind of study. All Principals/Vice Principals and teachers of all public and private colleges of the Southern Punjab region were the populations of the study. By adopting a multistage sampling technique, the targeted sample was selected. Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory (ROCI), designed by Rahim in 1983, was adopted to measure the conflict management styles of administrators and cross-check them with their subordinates. Data collection was done by the researcher personally. Collected data was feed in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 and got the results by the test of ANOVA. Based on the findings of the study in a tabulated form, observable suggestions were also designed. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Dean, Faculty of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/fit-or-being-fitted-academic-institutional-managers-conflict-management-styles https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-I).68 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Reflection of River Warfare in Pakistani and Indian Press: Dispute, Management and Strategies Tanveer Hussain Muhammad Naeem Javed Deeba Shahwar Pak-India River Warfare Role of Newspapers Management. This study provides an overview of Pak-India River warfare over the sharing of water and management failure which led to serious water crises and disaster especially in Pakistan. Water resources are diminishing day by day water is become a scarce commodity in the world with every passing day. It is rapidly emerging a source of tension and dispute between two nations (Pakistan and India), which is a destabilizing factor of international peace and regional harmony. The content analysis used as research methodology while data collected from editorials and articles published in The News and The Telegraph. This research covers the period between 2018 and 2019. The results showed that The News gives more coverage and large space related to the Pak-India River Warfare as compared to The Telegraph. Furthermore, The News has a clear stance for the solution of Pak-India River Warfare rather than Indian newspaper The Telegraph. Humanity Publications Assistant professor, School of Media and Communication Studies, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant professor, School of Media and Communication Studies, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Mass Communication, The Women University Multan, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-reflection-of-river-warfare-in-pakistani-and-indian-press-dispute-management-and-strategies https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-II).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Teachers Thinking Styles and Teacher Effectiveness: A Comparative Analysis at Secondary School Level Ijaz Muhammad Muhammad Shah Malik Amer Atta Teaching Effectiveness Thinking Styles Secondary School The prime goal of the study is to explore the 'Teachers Thinking Styles and Teacher Effectiveness: a comparative analysis at secondary school Level'. The study also determines comparison in views of male/female and urban/rural teacher about their thinking styles and teacher effectiveness. The study is descriptive. Two valid and reliable research tools were used, which were structured by the researcher himself. All male/female teachers in the secondary school of southern districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa constituted the population of the study. Stratified random sampling technique was adopted following Krejcie, and Morgan rule and 380 teachers were consulted for the collection of data. For analysis, Mean, SD, t-test and correlation were applied as suitable statistics. Findings of the study show a significant correlation between thinking styles and teacher effectiveness. The study also indicated an insignificant comparison in the views of male/female and urban/rural teachers about their thinking styles and teacher effectiveness. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, Qurtuba University of Science & Information Technology, D.I.Khan, KP, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Education, Qurtuba University of Science & Information Technology, D.I.Khan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Education and Research, Gomal University, D.I.Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/teachers-thinking-styles-and-teacher-effectiveness-a-comparative-analysis-at-secondary-school-level https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-II).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications of Public Health Emergency on Migration and Repatriation in Pakistan Mahwish Zeeshan Aneela Sultana Sohima Anzak COVID-19 Migration Repatriation Developing World Pakistan Returnee Migrants Pandemics. The study sheds light on the current global; situation posed by a pandemic; COVID 19 and the impact it has brought to a country like Pakistan in terms of repatriation of its migrants. The data gathered for the study were qualitative with an exploratory research design. Content analysis has been used as the primary method and tool for analysis of data that has been gathered from the latest news, updates, articles, blogs, press briefings and articles published on the pandemic and its implications on migrants across the globe and specifically Pakistan over the past six months. The study highlights the effects of these global alterations on human mobility in our local context and efforts made by the Government and its allied institutions in easing out the issues pertaining to the repatriation of returnee migrants. The findings suggest that the reintegration of returnees in the local economy and socio-cultural context will be the next challenge. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Anthropology, PMAS- Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Senior Lecturer, Department of Humanities & Social Sciences, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/covid19-pandemic-implications-of-public-health-emergency-on-migration-and-repatriation-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-II).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Transformational Leadership Incorporating Employee Change Acceptance in the Banking Sector: Mediating Effect of Workplace Spirituality Shuja Ul Islam Haider Ali Malik Ghazala Haider Workplace Spirituality Transformational Leadership Acceptance to Change In this era, organizational change is a challenging task, especially to convince employees to accept the change. This study investigates the relationship of employee's acceptance to change with the impact of transformational leadership(TL) and analyses the mediating role of workplace spirituality(WS). Most of the studies in workplace spirituality literature consider transformational leader as an intense stimulation to nurture the spirituality of employees or to make change implementation successful. However, no previous studies explored employee reaction (i.e. acceptance) to change with the potent ingredient of spirituality factors. The data for this purpose was obtained by a time-lagged survey from a sample of 181 employees from private banks of Pakistan, which were used for further analysis using PROCESS (Model 4). The results of this study confirmed that the main effect of TL on Employees acceptance to change. Also, the study confirmed the full mediation of WS between the TL and employee acceptance to change. This study revealed the practical implications in the banking sector to enable the spirituality of employee for making change implementation successful also limitations of the study are highlighted. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, FAST School of Management, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, FAST School of Management, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, GIFT University, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/transformational-leadership-incorporating-employee-change-acceptance-in-the-banking-sector-mediating-effect-of-workplace-spirituality https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-II).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Journey of PSL Brand (PSL's Marketing Case Study) Haider Ali Malik Haroon Khan Ghazala Haider PSL Cricket Teams Back in 2014, Najam Sethi was pondering over the dilapidated situation of International cricket in Pakistan. He felt dismayed at the prospects of inviting international players after the country's track record of security and terrorism. Feeling nostalgic about the cricket in Pakistan, Sethi went through the PCB's documents and shockingly discovered that PCB is generating no revenue like it used to do until 2009. He was well aware of the fact cricket is the sport that is Pakistan's blood, and every nook and cranny is yearning for live cricket in Pakistan-comparing it with other countries like India, where IPL generates staggering revenues and proved the bordering country with amazement and thrill every year. Humanity Publications FAST School of Management, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan. FAST School of Management, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Faculty of Management Sciences, Gift University, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-journey-of-psl-brand-psls-marketing-case-study https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-II).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Social Impediments of Personal Hygiene Practices Among Females in Rural Faisalabad Punjab Pakistan Paris Zaka Ullah Zahira Batool Muhammad Shabbir Social Impediments Women Hygiene Public Health Practices Cleanliness Good quality personal hygiene is imperative for both health as well as social reasons. It involves keeping your hands, head and body clean so as to prevent the illness and spread of germs. The present study attempts to find out various social impediments which influence personal hygiene practices of women. The respondent of the study was women from rural Faisalabad. The survey research design was carried out, and the interview schedule was adopted as a data collection tool. Sample of 400 rural women was taken using a convenient sample technique. As a result, women have been shown to be extremely conscious of social impediments to personal hygiene. In addition, it has been found that there is a strong correlation between social impediments and personal hygiene practices. The study emphasizes the importance of good personal hygiene, and rural women's practices in preserving their personal hygiene; therefore, these social impediments need to be addressed Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Sociology, GC University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Sociology, GC University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, GC University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/social-impediments-of-personal-hygiene-practices-among-females-in-rural-faisalabad-punjab-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-II).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Contribution of Social Support, Social Cultural, and Social Interference Factors in Sports Participation of Female Athletes - A Qualitative Approach Abida Naseer Saeed Javed Husna Batool Social Support Culture Interference Female Athletes Sports Participation Pakistan The primary purpose of the study was to investigate the social and cultural factors which provide support to female athletes as well as to explore the interferences in their sports participation. Total 43 female student-athletes of secondary schools participated in six focus group interviews. Interviews of these focus groups were recorded and prepared notes from them. The findings revealed that parents support and appreciate their girls in sports at their achievements at a low level. It was revealed from the findings that female athletes have fewer facilities and rewards/incentives. It was found that female athletes were also criticized on their sports dresses in rural areas of Pakistan. On the other hand, few opportunities, sports dress, and gender inequalities were found as big hurdles in sports participation of female athletes due to male dominance. Parents, peers, siblings, and sports teachers should support their females in their sports participation. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education & Sports Sciences, GC University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education & Sports Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Physical Education & Sports Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/contribution-of-social-support-social-cultural-and-social-interference-factors-in-sports-participation-of-female-athletes-a-qualitative-approach https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-II).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Identification of the Remedial Strategies to Improve Low Academic Achievements of Students at Higher Secondary Level Musarrat Jahan Akhtar Ali Rabia Bahoo Suggestions Remedial Strategies Low Academic Achievement Students Higher Secondary The present qualitative study was aimed to identify and develop strategies to improve students' low academic achievements at the higher secondary level. For this interviewee, were selected purposively. Individually semi-structured interviews were conducted with thirty interviewees and were audio-recorded. Thematic analysis was applied, and the following themes based on teachers' suggestions were identified: The establishment of the career counselling center, Standardized class size, Enhance academic session, Ban overnight internet package and awareness program, Focus on a mother tongue to clear concepts rather than rote learning, Revisit curriculum and subject combination, Revise evaluation system, Enhance time management skills. This study concluded and proposed a flow chart of remedial strategies to implement. This study is an effort to save the dark future of our future leaders and helpful for policymakers, educationists, psychologists, and principals to practically implement the proposed strategies to overcome this situation. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Dean, Faculty of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Education, Govt Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur, Punjab Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/identification-of-the-remedial-strategies-to-improve-low-academic-achievements-of-students-at-higher-secondary-level https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-II).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Agricultural Development under Thal Development Authority (1949-69) Muhammad Wasim Abbas Imran Ahmad Muhammad Farooq Akbar Leghari Agricultural Development New Villages Mandi towns Thal Thal Canal Thal Development Authority. The Thal is a desert in the west of Punjab province of Pakistan having an area of five million-acre. It had been a barren piece of land for centuries. West Pakistan Government not only provided canal water to almost 2.1 million acres of the region but also developed the area from 1949 to 1969. The agricultural development of the Thal region carried out by the Thal Development Authority is a historical event in the history of Pakistan. This study is historical research and data has been collected through primary and secondary sources. This paper will highlight the agricultural development of the region in detail and its socio-economic effects on the masses as well. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Pakistan Studies, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Pakistan Studies, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Pakistan Studies, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/agricultural-development-under-thal-development-authority-194969 https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-II).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Association Between Teacher-Student Interaction and Students Interpersonal Skills, Self-Management Skills and Academic Behavior Rabia Bahoo Akhtar Ali Musarrat Jahan Teacher-Student Interaction Secondary School Students Peers and Teachers Interpersonal Skills Self- Management Skills Academic Behavior. This study aimed to find out the association between secondary school teachers' ways of interaction with students and students' interpersonal skills, self-management skills, and academic behavior. A sample of 2764 students, peers, and teachers was taken from Punjab province. The survey method was used to collect data and analyzed through percentage, mean, and Pearson correlation. Results indicate that uncertainty in teachers having a strong correlation with students' interpersonal skills. Moreover, teachers admonishing style and freedom of students have a significant negative correlation with the self-management skills of students. Whereas, all eight factors about teacher-student interaction remained a positive correlation with the academic behavior of students. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan & Lecturer, (Education), The Govt. Sadiq College Women University Bahawalpur. Dean, Faculty of Education, The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Visiting Lecturer, Department of Education, Govt. Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/association-between-teacherstudent-interaction-and-students-interpersonal-skills-selfmanagement-skills-and-academic-behavior https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-II).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Metamorphosis of a Despondent Indian Woman: A Feminist Evaluation of Girish Karnad's Naga-Mandala Amara Khan Feminism Gender discourse Girish Karnad Male-dominance Oppression Patriarchy The article engages with the feminist approach in Girish Karnad's Naga-Mandala (1988) in the framework of postcolonial gender analysis. Naga-Mandala (1988) addresses the continued uneven power relations between female and male gender. Karnad's female character, Rani, in Naga-Mandala, is primarily pitiable, downgraded and most importantly an object of patriarchal social and political dominance and authority. The paper postulates Rani as a site of theoretical transformations, engaging with issues of gender subjectivity, sexuality, and power positionality in relation to the patriarchal Indian state. It further argues that Rani situates a performative self in the text through an interrogatory narrative voice that succeeds in participating in the critique of patriarchal subjectivity and hegemonic feminist positioning while inserting a resistant feminist ideology into gender discourse to re-envision the role of Indian women in India's development. Naga-Mandala echoes a substantial constituent of feminism. The drama enquires the patriarchal ethical enigma which burdens women with fidelity to their husbands but not the loyalty of men to their wives. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/metamorphosis-of-a-despondent-indian-woman-a-feminist-evaluation-of-girish-karnads-nagamandala https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-II).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Effects of Shyness and Lack of Confidence as Psychological Barriers on EFL Learners' Speaking Skills: A Case Study of South Punjab Muhammad Ahsan Tahira Asgher Zahoor Hussain Shyness Lack of Confidence Psychological Barriers EFL Learners This work investigated the effects of shyness and lack of confidence as psychological barriers on EFL learner' speaking skill, particularly at the public sector colleges, universities and the sub-campuses of these universities located in the South Punjab, Pakistan. This project was scheduled to use a mixed-method type. Majority of the students indicated that there is an insignificant and negative relationship between the variables of shyness, lack of confidence and speaking English achievements. Since, as the shyness and lack of confidence increases, the speaking achievement decreases and as the shyness and lack of confidence decreases the speaking achievement increases. Findings from the explored work indicate that EFL teachers firstly, cultivate proper teaching circumstances by providing pupils adequate interval to prepare themselves for a conversational activity, develop a mind map to generate ideas, and offer learners plentiful time span to accomplish the given task well in the class. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English Linguistics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Bahaudin Zakariya Uinversity, Layya Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-effects-of-shyness-and-lack-of-confidence-as-psychological-barriers-on-efl-learners-speaking-skills-a-case-study-of-south-punjab https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-II).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Evaluation of M.Sc Physical Education Program in Public Sector Institutions; Students' Perspective Zulfiqar Ali Asad Khan Farooq Hussain Evaluation Physical Education Program Public Sector Institutions Students Teachers. The present study aimed at evaluation of M.Sc physical education program in public sector institutions in the context of teacher educators. The objectives of the study were (a) to evaluate the M.Sc Physical Education Program in public sector universities and colleges on the basis of CIPP, (b) to explore the strengths and weaknesses of M.Sc Physical Education Program in Pakistan and (c) to suggest measures for further improvement of the M.Sc Program in Pakistan. It was a survey type of descriptive research. A questionnaire for students included 43 items were used for the collection of data. Questionnaire After validating these research instruments, the reliability was ensured on the basis of data obtained from a pilot study. The quantitative data thus collected through questionnaire were tabulated, and Chi-square test was applied. The analyzed data revealed that the curriculum of health and physical education was related to previous knowledge and experiences. It was recommended that regular seminars and sports workshops might be organized to improve the research and report writing skills. Humanity Publications PET, Department of Education, GMS Shaidu District Nowshera, KP, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Education, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. HOD, Department of Physical Education, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/evaluation-of-msc-physical-education-program-in-public-sector-institutions-students-perspective- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-II).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Breast Cancer Awareness Media Campaigns in Pakistan: Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Women Arsha Saleem Meer Rao Shahid Mahmood Khan Malik Adnan Attitude Breast Cancer Knowledge Practices Media Campaigns Women The core objective of the study was to find out the knowledge, attitude and practices of women in the general population and also to investigate the significant role of media awareness campaigns in each aspect of KAP among women. A total number of n=375 women of three renowned universities of southern Punjab were selected through simple random sampling technique. Data was collected through a self-constructed questionnaire comprised of socio-economic status and knowledge, attitude and practices section in their respective educational institutes. Findings indicated that media campaigns had established good knowledge and satisfactory attitude towards breast cancer, but these campaigns are proved less significant in convincing people for screening their breast without any prominent symptoms. This study concluded that media awareness campaigns are significant in providing knowledge and establishing good attitude but less effective in providing knowledge about the importance of screening practices among women of the general population. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Mass Communication, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Media Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Media Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/breast-cancer-awareness-media-campaigns-in-pakistan-knowledge-attitude-and-practices-of-women https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-II).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Identities at the Borders of Balochistan: An Ethnolinguistic Study of Saraiki Speaking Baloch Tribes Mehwish Malghani Fouzia Rehman Khan Shumaila Mazher Linguistic Identity Ethnic Identity Culture and Language. Balochistan shares a border with Punjab and Sindh, which makes Balochistan a linguistically diverse province. Within ethnic groups residing in Balochistan, there is a huge variety of languages spoken. This scenario raises the question of the ethno-linguistic identity of people residing at the borders of Balochistan. The present study focuses on the ethnic and linguistic identity of Baloch tribes that speak Saraiki and reside at the Balochistan Punjab border and Balochistan Sindh border. The study explores the role of language in the identity formation of Saraiki speaking Baloch tribes. The data is collected through Semi-Structured interviews of 10 Saraiki speaking Baloch. The findings revealed that the replacement of Balochi language with Saraiki language has little or no influence on their ethnic identity as Baloch. However, there are few factors such as gender, level of education, knowledge of history and the passage of time that contribute to the acceptability of Saraiki speaking as Baloch Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English,Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/identities-at-the-borders-of-balochistan-an-ethnolinguistic-study-of-saraiki-speaking-baloch-tribes https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-II).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Subversion and Exclusive Identity in Palestinian Fiction by Women Ammara Amin Ali Usman Saleem Asma Haseeb Qazi Abjection Exclusive Identity Distinctive Performativity Gender Palestinian Faction Palestinian fiction by women subverts and challenges the existing gender paradigms and traditional patriarchal norms in the Arab culture. This paper explores Huzama Habayeb's novel Velvet with the theoretical backing of Julia Kristeva's concept of abjection, thus maintaining that a critical focus on the nexus between distinctive performativity and exclusive identities offers an alternative stance to the oppressive patriarchy in the Arab world. With the recent refugee crisis in the Muslim world, these narratives become extremely important and relevant, offering a space where issues of gender, identity, patriarchy, and religion erupt and coincide. Unveiling the construct of the female gender as only a set of performative norms instead of being an existentialist reality offers distinctive gender configurations and a site of exclusive identity for women. The paper establishes that Palestinian fiction by women has become a site for women's actualization where they defy and resist male hegemony. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of English, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/subversion-and-exclusive-identity-in-palestinian-fiction-by-women https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-II).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Unveiling Aural/Oral Skills in Grade VIII English Textbook Sana Baig Fareeha Javed Fasiha Altaf Oral/Aural Skills Pronunciation National English Curriculum Competency Student learning Outcomes and grade VIII and English textbook. The present study aims to examine the incorporation of aural/oral skills in the Grade VIII English textbook prescribed by the Punjab textbook board (PTBB). The study was conducted in the light of a checklist based on the competencies and students' learning outcomes given in the National Curriculum for English (2006), Pakistan. The competencies intended to enable learners to become fluent in their speech. The study was qualitative, and a thematic analysis approach was used to analyze the data. The findings of the research revealed that contradictory scenario. The textbook understudy does not allow learners to improve their aural/oral skills. The aural/oral competency was seen in some proportion. Still, reiteration was seen in the practice parts in which only dialogues were given repeatedly at the end of each unit of the textbook. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of TESOL, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Head of TESOL Department, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Ph.D. Scholar, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/unveiling-auraloral-skills-in-grade-viii-english-textbook- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-II).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Cultural and Historical Progression: The Psychology of Literary Allusions in Theodore Dreiser's The Financier (Trilogy of Desire) Sahibzada Aurangzeb Liaqat Iqbal Sahibzada Jehanzeb Allusion Multi-Facet Culture History Intended Meaning The psychology of allusion is often multi-faceted as a reference to an artefact, which could be a character from a literary piece, the quoted words of a character, a place in the country or an event from history. The reference item should be familiar to the readers. The current research identifies literary allusion in The Financer (1912) and the characters referred to Ouida's Tricotrin (1869), Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre (1847), Amelia Edith Huddleston Barr's A Bow of Orange Ribbon (1886), Edward Bulwer Lytton's Kenelm Chillingly (1874), and William Shakespeare's Macbeth (1603) which is explained with reference to the plot of Theodore Dreiser's Trilogy of Desire: The Financier (1912), The Titan (1914) and The Stoic (1947). The available literature review testified that a thorough evaluation of the allusions within the novel had not been accomplished to date, although these allusions link the literary pieces of the greatest minds in literature. Humanity Publications HEC Scholar (PhD), Qurtuba University of Science and Technology Hayatabad, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. HEC Scholar (PhD), Qurtuba University of Science and Technology Hayatabad, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/cultural-and-historical-progression-the-psychology-of-literary-allusions-in-theodore-dreiser-the-financier-trilogy-of-desire https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-II).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Lacking Interest of Students in Study: A Sociological Analysis of the University of Sindh, Jamshoro Pervaiz Ali Mahesar Mubina Pathan Zareen Qadeer Lacking Interest Teaching Method Intrinsic Commitment and Extrinsic Motivation Education institutions are grappled with the issue of lacking interest of students in the study. Thus, this study was conducted to find out reasons for the lacking interest of students in the study. This was a quantitative research approach. The purposive sampling method was used as a judgement of the researcher to seek only low academic results students in order to furnish the research objectives. The scales were developed to measure the various concepts given in the form of hypothetic statements. The results show that the perceived teaching method was positively related to respondents' interest in the study. The low interest is further triggered by respondents' lack of intrinsic commitment to study. This study concludes that interest was lacking due to both motives intrinsic as well as extrinsic. It is recommended that teachers' pedagogical skills need to be improved, and teaching should be made more interactive so that the real purpose of education can be served. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Information Technology Center, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Social Work, University of Sindh, Jamshro, Sindh, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/lacking-interest-of-students-in-study-a-sociological-analysis-of-the-university-of-sindh-jamshoro https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-II).20 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Effectiveness of using EyeRIS to Improve English Communication Skills of Primary Students Fareeha Javed Saher Tariq Sana Baig Communicative Competence Instructional Strategies EyeRIS Sensor Technology English Language Teaching The arrival of technology has opened doors to different opportunities. A number of institutions have integrated technology effectively in their learning environments to improve teamwork as well as to reform education as a whole. The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of EyeRIS to improve English Communication skills at the Primary School level at one of the elite private schools in Lahore, Pakistan. The study employed a qualitative structured interview for data collection. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample. The sample comprised five primary English language teachers. The findings of the study revealed that EyeRIS has a significant impact on improving the Communicative Skills of primary students. It helps to improve the receptive as well as productive skills of the primary level English language learners. Moreover, it is a powerful engagement and motivational tool in educational institutions. Overall, EyeRIS holds the potential for improving students' English language learning, academic performance as well as classroom behaviour. Humanity Publications Head, Department of TESOL, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. MA, Department of TESOL, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of TESOL, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-effectiveness-of-using-eyeris-to-improve-english-communication-skills-of-primary-students https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-II).21 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Relationship between Work-Family Conflict and Job Satisfaction of Female Teachers of Universities Mahvish Fatima Kashif Sadia Rehman Work-Family Conflict Job Satisfaction Female University Teacheers The present correlation study was aimed to examine the relationship between work-family conflict and job satisfaction among female teachers in the universities of Lahore. The population of the study was female teachers of public and private universities in Lahore City. The total number of female university teachers was one thousand four hundred and ninetyseven. Four hundred and fifty female university teachers (30% of the total population) were selected as a sample of the study. The questionnaire developed by Carlson, Kacmar, & Wayne (2000) was used to measure work-family conflict, and the questionnaire developed by Hayat (1998) was used to measure job satisfaction. Multiple regression, independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data. Independent sample t-test was applied to compare the two groups, such as type of institution, and One-way ANOVA was used to compare the groups on the basis of designation of the teachers. Major findings revealed that there was a significant and negative relationship between work-family conflict and job satisfaction. It was recommended that training, seminars should be arranged for teachers to deal with their work and familyrelated problems. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Institute of Education, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/relationship-between-workfamily-conflict-and-job-satisfaction-of-female-teachers-of-universities https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-II).22 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Interplay of Rhetoric and Voting Behavior in Pakistan: The Perspective of Youth Shabnam Gul Zainab Asif Dar Kishwar Munir Political Communication Rhetoric Post-Truth Politics Voting Behavior Political communication is one of the major aspects of any political system. The speeches of politicians, especially the political party leaders, are an important source of political awareness regarding pertinent issues facing any country. However, politicians often rely on political rhetoric to appeal to the emotions of prospective voters. This paper explored the use of political rhetoric in political discourse in Pakistan. Political rhetoric pertains to exaggeration of reality and distortion of facts to change the views and perception of the public. Politicians actively use this as a tool to gain the support of their potential voters in their electoral campaigns. The researchers analyzed the statements of leaders of three major political parties in Pakistan. It has been concluded from this research that politicians focus on populist political rhetoric when they address their voters to garner support rather than educating them about real political, social, and economic challenges. Thus political rhetoric is a significant factor in voting behavior. Humanity Publications In-Charge, Department of IR, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, School of Integrated Social Science, University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, School of Integrated Social Science, University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-interplay-of-rhetoric-and-voting-behavior-in-pakistan-the-perspective-of-youth https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-II).23 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Islamic Scholars' Research Intends and Trends at University Level Muhammad Qasim Ali Muhammad Latif Muhammad Latif Javed Islamic Scholars Research intends Trends Universities In this era, research is considered a source of success and development in developed countries. The objectives of the study were to sort out the intends of research scholars in universities and to check the research trends in universities; to investigate the role of research facilities and research culture in promoting research attitude among university students; and to explore the relationship among research culture, research attitude and research facilities at universities. The sample of the study consisted of 341 Islamic research scholars from four distinguished universities of Punjab through a simple random sampling technique. It is empirically estimated the association among research facilities in universities (RFU), research culture in universities (RCU) and research attitude in universities (RAU) show that RFU and RCU have a positive and significant relationship with RAU. Therefore, improvement in research facilities and promotion of research culture in universities may promote research attitude among students. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Preston University, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Education, Islamic University Bahawalpur (Bahawalnagar Campus), Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/islamic-scholars-research-intends-and-trends-at-university-level https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-II).24 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Impact of International Trade of Higher Education on Universities' Performance Anfa Tabassum Abdul Hameed Qamar Uzma Shahzadi Mobility of Teacher/Students Internationalization of Higher Education GATS Brain Drain Global Trade Global Citizen University Ranking Quality Teaching The central theme of the research work was to examine the impact of International Trade of Higher Education (IToHE) on universities' performance. The nature of the article was descriptive; as a consequence, the data of the study was assembled by means of survey and interview. The targeted population was comprised of all BS, MS, PhD students, faculty and administration from all general public universities of Punjab, which were included in the HEC ranking in 2015. The purposive sampling technique and multiphase strategy were applied to specify the sample. Data was collected via two research instruments. To assemble quantitative data, a questionnaire was planned on six factors, i.e. Leadership role (LR), Quality Teaching (QT), Research (R), University Ranking (UR), Community Perception (CP) and International Trade of Higher Education (IToHE). According to the triangulation result, findings illustrated that Academia should do productive work instead of producing passive labor. The study recommended further researches in the field of cross border mobility and its role in university, society and country development. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/impact-of-international-trade-of-higher-education-on-universities-performance https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-II).25 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Research Attitude of Prospective Teachers: An Analysis of Universities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad Nazir Haider Shah Robina Kausar Sidra Younas Research Research Attitude Prospective Teachers The attitude of prospective teachers regarding educational research is one of the challenges that is linked with education.It's not commonly known that why teachers do not use research to solve instructional problems, but probably it is in connection with the attitude of teachers regarding educational research. A group of prospective teachers was administered by the updated scale. In the final scale, exploratory factor analysis had a significant relationship. The main factors that have an effect on the attitudes of teachers regarding educational research were; teachers' individual interest in conducting research, educational research's value, and benefits of research skills for teachers. The study concluded that teachers' attitude was connected to and in the influence with frequency and intensity of their experience to education research. Those teachers have a more positive attitude towards educational research and have just done a professional development course that has a focus on education research. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan PhD Scholar, Department of Education, Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic University Nerian Sharif, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakista PhD Scholar, Department of Education, Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic University Nerian Sharif, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/research-attitude-of-prospective-teachers-an-analysis-of-universities-of-rawalpindi-and-islamabad https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-II).26 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Performance Evaluation of Pakistan's Mutual Fund Industry: Validating Fama French 3 And 5 Factor Model Ayesha Iraj Brekhna Gul Muhammad Sohail Alam Khan Mutual Funds Performance Evaluation Fama French 3- Factor Model Fama French 5- Factor Model In order to evaluate the performance of the mutual fund industry in various financial markets, a wide variety of researches have been conducted, which lead to different results. As the Pakistani mutual fund industry is much younger as compared to the US and UK fund industries and thus limited work has been done to evaluate the Pakistani mutual fund industry.Over the past few years, the industry has shown a phenomenal growth and it makes it worthwhile to study the performance of mutual funds. The aim of this research study is to validate the Fama French 3-Factor Model and Fama French 5-Factor Model. Also, this research attempts to test that which one of the included model performs better than the other so as to check their preferred suitability in measuring and evaluating the mutual fund performance in Pakistan. The monthly data of 323 open ended mutual funds for the period of 2008 to 2018 is analyzed. The GRS model validation test was applied, the results of the test found that the Fama French 5-Factor Model performed much better than the Fama French 3-Factor Model.This research contributes to the body of knowledge by providing academicians and practitioners more knowledge regarding multifactor asset pricing model so as to make better investment decisions. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Institute of Business and Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Economics, Faculty of Business and Economics, Adul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Economics, Faculty of Business and Economics, Adul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/performance-evaluation-of-pakistans-mutual-fund-industry-validating-fama-french-3-and-5-factor-model https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-II).27 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Interplay of COVID-19 induced Stress and Psychological Effects on Students' Language Learning: A Mixed Approach Mamona Yasmin Khan Fariha Chaudhary Aqsa Choudhry COVID-19 Quarantine Psychological Stress Anxiety Digital Literacy Language Learning Environmental Stress Online Teaching in Pakistan The present research explores the interplay between COVID induced stress and its probable effects on students' language learning. It hopes to demonstrate to what extent students experienced stress owing to quarantine. How that stress affected their language learning and what probable strategies they devised in order to tackle that stress. Furthermore, it also tries to see whether female students experienced greater stress as compared to male students. The theoretical insights for this have been drawn from the 'Transactional Model of Stress' developed by Lazarus and Folkman in 1984. The method chosen for this paper was a mixed approach, including close-ended questionnaires using 'Google forms' and open-ended call interviews through WhatsApp. The results t found shows that above 90% of learners see COVID as a stimulus of stress and fear, disturbing them psychologically. Almost 66% of learners are of the view that females become more stressed than males. And round about 84% agreed to the fact that COVID is a cause of stress which can be coped and managed by adopting some effective strategies. In this study, it was found that the stress and language learning are dependent variables and COVID is an independent variable which has caused stress, leading to negatively affected language learning. The findings of this study can offer a larger scope in understanding the interplay of human stress and anxiety with the environmental stress other than COVID-19 as well. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, Women University Multan, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. M.Phil. Scholar, Department of English, Women University Multan, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/interplay-of-covid19-induced-stress-and-psychological-effects-on-students-language-learning-a-mixed-approach https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Issues and Problems in the Procedure of Quality Assurance Practices in Public and Private Universities of Punjab, Pakistan Muhammad Nisar Ul Haq Uzma Shahzadi Sadia Ayaz Quality Assurance Higher Education Commission Higher Education Institutes This study was undertaken to find issues and problems in quality assurance practices in public and private sector higher education institutes of Punjab Pakistan. There was a total of 156 faculty members (male & female) in the selected four departments of 10 selected universities (5 from public and five from private) which constitute an accessible population of this study. All the teachers and head of departments of those selected departments were the respondents of this study. The self-constructed instrument was validated by expert opinion and pilot testing. The responses of the faculty members were measured with the help of frequency and their percentages, mean and standard deviations. Each table is formed on the basis of the variables of the study. It was concluded that the biggest hurdle in quality assurance identified by this research is the unavailability of data for quality assurance. It was recommended by the researcher that the financing system by the HEC should be revised to even the playing field even more. This could be done by expanding the needs-based scholarship program for students attending private HEIs. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Development, Karakoram International University, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Education, The University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/issues-and-problems-in-the-procedure-of-quality-assurance-practices-in-public-and-private-universities-of-punjab-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Investigating the Role of the Text by which Religious Practices are Projected in the Local and Imported Textbooks Muhammad Ahsan Muhammad Naeem Noshaba Younus Ideology Foreign Language Education Inter-Cultural Speaker. The current study is an attempt to notice and compare the results of foreign and local religious practices present in selected Pakistani and imported English textbooks prescribed for students of Punjab (Pakistan). The content analysis was employed to find out the percentages of categories and subcategories of reading passages and exercises of the prescribed English textbooks in this research. For relevant data collection, an eclectic model was devised as some of the major categories with slight modification were taken from Stern, H.H. (1983) model in which he proposed six aspects of culture teaching. While in the formation of sub-categories the researcher has employed his own teaching experience. Religious performances are separated into five subcategories equally in the two textbooks such as religious beliefs and rewards, politeness/courtesy/good manners, sacrifice, rituals/festivals and moral ethics. Results and findings of the study indicate that the Oxford textbook has not included a single text reference to a primary or secondary religious action occurring in contemporary target or native life and society. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Riphah International University Faisalabad Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/investigating-the-role-of-the-text-by-which-religious-practices-are-projected-in-the-local-and-imported-textbooks https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Relationship of Personality Characteristics with Organizational Commitment among Secondary School Teachers Faiza Nazir Khalid Rashid Uzma Shahzadi Personality Characteristics Organizational Commitment Relationship Training Refresher Course Secondary School Teachers. The study aimed to find out the relationship of personality characteristics with organizational commitment among secondary school teachers. The study was descriptive in nature, and survey approach was used. The study was delimited to Punjab province. All the secondary school teachers teaching secondary classes were the population. The sample comprised of 330 SSTs selected via random sampling technique. Two self-developed reliable questionnaires were appreciated and validated before data administration. The analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics through SPSS version 21. The findings of the study indicated that there is a positive and significant relationship was found between personality characteristics and organizational commitment among secondary school teachers. It was also concluded that personality characteristics effects on organizational commitment. The study recommends that training and refresher courses may be arranged for secondary school teachers for flourishing personality characteristics. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, The University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, The University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/relationship-of-personality-characteristics-with-organizational-commitment-among-secondary-school-teachers https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Effects of Circuit Training on Cardio-Respiratory Endurance Among College Students Irfan Ullah Khattak Syed Zia Ul Islam Mehwish Manzoor Circuit Training Cardio-Respiratory Endurance College Students The main purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of circuit training on cardiorespiratory endurance among college students. The thirty healthy and volunteered students were selected as subjects through Physical readiness questionnaire (PAR-Q) having an age of 18-22 years. Subjects were equally divided into two groups as Experimental and Control. The data on cardiorespiratory endurance was collected (before and after the treatment) of each subject of both groups through the Copper test. The treatment of circuit training was given to the experimental group three times a week on alternate days for 12 weeks. During the same period, the control group did not take part in any sort of special training except routine life activities. The data were analyzed by applying the paired sample t-test. The results show that circuit training of 12 weeks significantly improved cardio respiratory endurance in experimental group (p < 0.05) than control group. Humanity Publications Assistant professor, Department of Higher Education, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Head of Department Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakista. Visiting Lecturer, Department of Physical Education, University of Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/effects-of-circuit-training-on-cardiorespiratory-endurance-among-college-students https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Exploring the Socio-economic Factors of Career Decision-Making among Tertiary Education Students in South Punjab Ghulam Abbas Muhammad Farooq Babak Mehmood Enticing Factors Parental Cultural Capital Career Decision Tertiary Education The main objectives of this study were to find the enticing factors of career decision making process among tertiary level students in south Punjab, Pakistan. Data were collected through a survey, and quantitative methods were used for analysis to present evidence to verify the research hypothesis of this study. The many enticing factors were assessed through a structured questionnaire. Family background, family system, parental cultural capital, household income level, parental occupations, peer group influence on the career decision-making process, all these factors of career decision making the process of the students were observed through a structured questionnaire. In order to obtain an overall picture of the data, a descriptive analysis was applied to frequencies distribution; bivariate analysis was used for establishing the relationship between the independent and dependent variables of the current study. Pearson Chi-Square test was showed that there is an association between parental cultural capital and career decision-making among tertiary education students. Humanity Publications PhD. Scholar, Department of Sociology, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/exploring-the-enticing-factors-of-career-decisionmaking-among-tertiary-education-students-in-south-punjab https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Relationship Between the Family Roles and Attachment Styles Among Adult Children of Alcoholic Fathers in Pakistan Ivan Suneel Elizabeth Schwaiger Suneel Sarah Anthoney Alcoholism Children of Alcoholics Attachment Family Roles Pakistan. Studies suggest that alcoholism is on the rise around the world, with many individuals facing the damaging consequences of this affliction. Children of Alcoholics (COAs) deal with several psychosocial issues that manifest themselves in the forms of defense mechanisms, or roles which affect their attachment styles and personal relationships. Purposive sampling was used on 398 participants (201 males, 197 females). The first one was for the participants (18 to 25 age range, the minimum level of education: tenth grade). The second was the fathers of the adult children, admitted in rehabilitation for alcoholism. The third foundation for setting the criteria was the family (a nuclear family system and has at least three siblings). A chisquare test for independence was significant [x2 (8, N = 398) = 433.551, p < .001], indicating that adult COAs with specific attachment styles are prone to take on certain roles within the family. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor (Chair-Person), Forman Christian College (A Chartered University) Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor (Chair-Person), Forman Christian College (A Chartered University) Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Campus Counselor, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University) Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/relationship-between-the-family-roles-and-attachment-styles-among-adult-children-of-alcoholic-fathers-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Urban Women Household Experiences during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Turbat Kech Baluchistan Nooral Barkat Sadia Saeed Rahat Shah Covid-19 Pandemic Household Women Domestic Violence Lockdown Baluchistan The current study aims at exploring the experiences of working women in the domain of household responsibilities, along with their professional duties during COVID-19. The study was conducted in Turbat Kech, the southern part of Baluchistan, using a qualitative research method. Data for the study was collected through an interview guide from 30 working women, who were selected using a purposive sampling strategy. The study findings show that family conflicts and domestic issues were on the rise during the pandemic. Moreover, the burden of household and professional responsibilities was higher among females from middle-income households rather than lower-income households. The women were not only faced with performing their work responsibilities from home; they also had to carry out their domestic responsibilities. Our data also shows that incidents of domestic violence with women were on the rise during the pandemic. Humanity Publications M. Phil Scholar, Department of Sociology, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Sociology, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/urban-women-household-experiences-during-covid19-pandemic-a-case-study-of-turbat-kech-baluchistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Analysis of Knowledge Exchange Between Higher Education Institutions & Businesses for Establishing Entrepreneurial Universities in Quetta, Balochistan Muhammad Hanif Saubia Ramzan Muzammila Akram Entrepreneurial University Triple Helix Model Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) Research and Innovation. The term "Entrepreneurial University" has prominent attention in the western world after the "Triple Helix Model" presented by Leydesdorff and Etzkowitz where it shaped the research outcomes in the form of patents, marketable brands, products and services that paved the way for traditional universities to transform into entrepreneurial university and the higher education institutions became self-sufficient in monetary terms and contribute to the economic growth of the nations. Though there are remarkable acceptance for this concept and many western higher education institutions, developed Asian countries and their universities benefited from transforming their research into valued monetary research while less developed countries still struggling in this direction to transform their higher education institutions as "Entrepreneurial University". The current paper presents the concept of entrepreneurial university in the less developed world, i.e. Pakistan and especially the case of Balochistan province. The research is qualitative in nature using thematic analysis through a semi-structured interview method and questionnaires to corroborate the responses. Six main themes emerged from data that include i. perception of entrepreneurial university ii. human development to technology development iii. entrepreneurial skills for academia iv. SOPs to transform research into innovation. v. regionally developed brands. vi. collaboration & communication with the private sector. The research also contributed the efforts done by higher education commission of Pakistan, and the progress of imitative of "office of research and innovation center university of Balochistan". Humanity Publications MS Scholar, Institute of Management Sciences, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Professor, Faculty of Management Sciences, Business and Information Technology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/analysis-of-knowledge-exchange-between-higher-education-institutions-businesses-for-establishing-entrepreneurial-universities-in-quetta-balochistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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A Qualitative Study on Classroom Management of Undergraduate Students: A Case of Information Technologies Class Ghulam Ali Kerio Naimatullah Keeryo Anjum Bano Kazimi Qualitative Study; Classroom Management; Undergraduate Students and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) The purpose of the current study was to explore the classroom management problems faced by teachers of ICT. The study revealed the underlying problems and highlighted the reasons behind the issues. Moreover, the study suggested a possible solution for effective classroom management. A questionnaire comprising 10 open-ended questions was prepared to collect data from 3 teachers who were teaching at universities to undergraduate students. Interviews were conducted with the participants to know their responses. The responses were analyzed using thematic analysis/content analysis. The study concluded that students' disruptive behavior is a common classroom issue that teachers face in their instruction process. Teachers can deal with classroom management issues by developing a positive relationship, student-centred approaches and supportive attitude for learning. The study recommends that the administration must ensure the availability of all the essential ICT resources to assist teachers in effective classroom management. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Teachers Education, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan. MS Research Scholar, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Education, IQRA University, Gulshan Camps Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/a-qualitative-study-on-classroom-management-of-undergraduate-students-a-case-of-information-technologies-class https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Attitude, Knowledge and Practice of Self-Medication Among the Students of Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan Muzammila Akram Sania Moin Sabiha Iqbal Self-Medication Practice Medicine Over the Counter (OTC) Drug Attitude University Students Self-medication is the usage of medicines to resolve self-identified health issues, and it is common in third world nations. The current study aimed to measure the attitude, knowledge and use of self-medication among the students of Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab Pakistan. To achieve the objective of this study, a descriptive cross-sectional survey design was applied. Using simple random sampling technique, 330 students were selected for data collection from the target population. Keeping in view the objectives and reviewing some relevant literature, a questionnaire was developed. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were calculated through a pilot study. To analyze the data, the statistical package for social science (SPSS, version-22) was utilized. Overall, the majority of undergraduate students (87%) observed self-medication. It was found that the majority of students used medicines due to smooth accessibility of OTC drugs, prior prescriptions records, internet, publicity substances and advice from peers etc. The use of un-prescribed drugs by the students without consultation might cause severe side effects and produce lifelong health issues. Therefore, the study recommended that self-practice medication and availability of drugs without prescription should be discouraged. Moreover, Healthcare facilities should be provided to all the students, staff, and suppliers of the Islamia University of Bahawalpur. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/attitude-knowledge-and-practice-of-selfmedication-among-the-students-of-islamia-university-of-bahawalpur-punjab-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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The Impact of Administrators' Leadership Styles in Provision of Quality Education in Secondary Schools Level Zafar Hussain Muhammad Javed Akhtar Ali Leadership Styles Administration Autocratic Democratic Quality Education The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of administrators' leadership styles in the provision of quality in Punjab, Pakistan. In this study, a self-designed questionnaire was used as a tool. This study was used simple random sampling technique. A total of 573 teachers from 288 secondary schools were involved. Data were analyzed by using frequency, percentage, average value, standard deviation, correlation Pearson product-moment, and numerous regression step-by-step method. The findings show that there are two types of leadership, autocratic and democratic leadership styles that have a significant impact on the provision of quality education. In addition, both leadership styles are projected to provide quality education at a level of 56.80 percent, with an important level of 0.01. As a result, in order to increase the effectiveness of teachers' work, leadership must constantly promote, apply and develop these two leadership styles, namely, autocratic and democratic styles Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Dean, Faculty of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-impact-of-administrators-leadership-styles-in-provision-of-quality-education-in-secondary-schools-level https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Identification of Parents and Community Expectations from School and their Children at Primary Level: An Exploratory Research Tehrima Sundas Aisha Yasmeen Safura Fatima Parents Involvement and Community Expectations The purpose of the current study was to identify parents and community expectations from schools and their children at primary level. The objectives of the study were (a) to study what parents and community expect from the children; (b) to critically examine the problems and issues related to parents' expectations, and (c) to identify the present situation of parents and community expectations from school and children. The nature of this research was descriptive, and quantitative approaches were used to gather information. Total 300 participants, including teachers, parents and community members, were selected through convenient sampling technique. A questionnaire was used as a tool to gather information from the respondents. The collected data were analyzed with the help of software SPSS by using the relevant statistical formulas. The study explored that parents have unrealistic and very high expectations from their children they expect from children to follow and respect their opinion. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of Education, National College of Business Administration & Economics, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of Education, National College of Business Administration & Economics, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of Education, National College of Business Administration & Economics, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/identification-of-the-learning-choices-of-students-after-higher-secondary-school-education-an-exploratory-research https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Pakistani Diaspora Cultural Transformation Under Globalization in Shamsie's Home Fire Asma Zafar Ali Usman Saleem Asma Haseeb Qazi Culture Globalization Media Pakistani Anglophone Fiction Transformation. This research explores the cultural dimension of globalization that has transformed the lives of masses experiencing Pakistani diaspora in Kamila Shamsie's Home Fire that reflects the life and sensibilities of the diaspora community, especially after 9/11. Shamsie takes into account how the lives of the Pakistani diaspora Muslim community got into difficulties, especially after 9/11. Manfred B. Steger's theorization serves as a framework to evaluate cultural transformation under the ever increasing influence of globalization through media. This article examines the transformation in the life and identity of the Pakistanis residing in the West because of media and language. This study also reveals that Pakistani Anglophone fiction has a well-established place in the literary world and highlights the issues and challenges faced by the third world in the contemporary globalized world. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Faisalabad Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/pakistani-diaspora-cultural-transformation-under-globalization-in-shamsies-home-fire https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Attitude of Pakistani Muslims toward Banned Controversial Advertisements Abdul Rehman Madni Ali Hassan Arshad Ali Attitude Pakistani Muslims Controversial Advertisements Advertising is a complete process of communication, and it plays an essential role and develops the strongest link between advertisers and their target audience. But, some advertisements are considered controversial because of the content or product, and they may generate negative responses. Religious and social restrictions did not give enough leeway for creative freedom. The main objective of this study is to find out the attitude of Pakistani Muslims toward controversial advertisements. Data were collected from the 525 Pakistanis using a cross-sectional study design. The study adopted convenience sampling through the personally-administered method. Findings of the study show that the overall attitude of Pakistani Muslims toward controversial advertisements is negative, and respondents do not like controversial advertisements. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Communication and Media Studies, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Media Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Center for Media and Communication Studies, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/attitude-of-pakistani-muslims-toward-banned-controversial-advertisements https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Exposure to Social Media Advertisements and Youth's Response Ashraf Iqbal Tanveer Hussain Rashid Aslam Social Media Marketing Consumer Buying Behaviour Social Media Advertisement Buying Decision Process Youth Response The major purpose of this study is to examine the effects of social media advertising on the purchase behaviour of young university students. The study employed an exploratory research design and cross-sectional survey technique. On the basis of a comprehensive literature review, research hypotheses were formulated to investigate the relationship between study variables. The primary data were collected using questionnaires from students of public sector universities operating in the city of Faisalabad, Pakistan. Non-probability and convenience sampling were adopted in the selection of target respondents, which were 283 students, both day-scholars and boarding students. The findings reveal that social media advertising affects the purchasing behaviour of social media users. The recommendations of the study are that the companies should concentrate more on promotional activities using social networks as this is more effective, less costly and accessible to a large number of target audiences. Humanity Publications Incharge, Department of Mass Communication, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, School of Media and Communication Studies, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/exposure-to-social-media-advertisements-and-youths-response https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Effectiveness of Instructions in Academic Achievements: an Experimental Study using 7E's Instructional Model Faheemullah Khan Salahuddin Khan Zia Ul Islam Constructivist Approach 7E's Instructional Model Academic Achievements Physical Education Higher Secondary School Level The uneven temperament of the educational scheme has a subterranean impact on student's academics. Experts are determined to conceive alternatives to meet up with this confront. It necessitates the time that our education system must change the itinerary to prepare the new generation fully equipped with knowledge and skills. This is an experimental study and based on the constructivist approach of learning following 7E's instructional model. Key objectives, to assess the effectiveness of instructions based on 7E's instructional model in student's academic achievements, to compare experimental and controlled group at both pre and post-test phase. Hypotheses were analyzed using spss. It was concluded that 7E's instructional model based instructions are significantly effective in enhancing student's academic achievements in the subject of physical education. The experimental group treated with instructions based on 7E's instructional model made significant improvement as compared to the controlled group. Humanity Publications SS&PE, Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Professor, SS&PE, Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. SS&PE, Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/effectiveness-of-instructions-in-academic-achievements-an-experimental-study-using-7es-instructional-model https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Least-Square Models with Structural Breaks for Price-Demand Relationship of Prevention-Commodities to Covid-19 Disease: Evidence from Pooled Weekly Data of Hand Sanitizers, Face-Masks and Vitamin-C Su Aziz Ahmed Nagina Gul Muhammad Shakeel Price-Demand Relationship; Public Health Management; World Health Organization Pandemic Prevention-Pharmacy-Commodities; COVID-19 Structural Breaks; Weekly Pooled Data The present study employs log-log models and comparatively estimates the price-demand relationship of hand sanitizers, face-masks and vitamin-c supplements as COVID-19 prevention-commodities both before and after the exponential spread of the current pandemic. A novel weekly data is collected and generated by a two-stage stratified sampling technique in a field survey from five capital and most populous cities of Pakistan. The least-square methods with structural breaks are employed for city-wise assessment, while fully modified ordinary least square methods are employed for the pooled panel of Pakistan. The structural breaks are assessed using a priori information via graphical analysis as well as employing the global information criterion of structural breaks. The findings suggest demands and prices structurally surged exponentially after the spread of COVID-19 disease in Pakistan. Thus, implying; i) immediate policy check to stabilize the prices of COVID- 19 prevention-commodities for the poor and lower-income groups of people and ii) importing the commodities to fill the existing demand-supply gap to mitigate the spread of the current pandemic as per the World Health Organization benchmark for public prepared-ness to combat COVID-19 disease. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar/Lecturer, Department of Economics, Baluchistan University of Information Technology Engineering and Management Science (BUITMS), Quetta, Baluchistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Faculty of Management Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineering & Management Sciences, (BUITEMS), Quetta, Baluchistan, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology (FUUAST), Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/leastsquare-models-with-structural-breaks-for-pricedemand-relationship-of-preventioncommodities-to-covid19-disease-evidence-from-pooled-weekly-data-of- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Necessity of Discretionary Powers: A Critical Appreciation as a Necessary Evil Bakht Munir Ali Nawaz Khan Naveed Ahmad Discretion Delegation Quasi-Judicial Action Quasi-Legislative Action Welfare State With the evolution of the modern welfare state system, state functions have multiplied manifold that consequently necessitated delegation of wide-ranged discretionary powers in the hands of administrative authorities to address ever-growing complex issues with the help of framing rules and deciding matters accordingly, which otherwise came within the exclusive domain of legislative and judicial authorities. With qualitative research methodology, this research aimed to investigate how the idea of administration emerges and whether or not discretion is an unavoidable evil. The research at hand conceptualized administrative actions, various modes for conferring discretion, and explicated its pros and cons. This paper also examined how discretion is a need of modern administrative dispensation and how to control its potential exploitation. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Institute of Languages and Linguistics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, University Law College, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, University Law College, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/necessity-of-discretionary-powers-a-critical-appreciation-as-a-necessary-evil https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Exploring Perceived Barriers in Career Planning And Counseling Among Students Shuja ul Islam Shahida Noor Haider Ali Malik Career Planning Counselling Student's Perceptions Attitudes Career planning is an intensive process that is directed towards the achievement of career goals. One needs to have a career direction to move forward, along with a passion for that career. People desire to achieve professional goals through career planning and seeking counselling at various stages. This research explores the understanding of career planning and counselling among the students and identifies the factors playing a critical role in the career choice of an individual. It also focuses on hurdles faced during the process and the ways to address those issues. The results suggest that factors affecting career planning are environment-based. The hurdles that students come across are also aligned with that. Therefore to strengthen the ability of individuals to have better career planning, career counselling is required to tone up the thoughts of students and make them productive human resource for the country. The practical implications and prospects are discussed. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, FAST School of Management, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Governance and Public Policy, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, FAST School of Management, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/exploring-perceived-barriers-in-career-planning-and-counseling-among-students https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).20 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Evaluation of M. Sc Physical Education Program in Public Sector Institutions; Teachers' Perspective Zulfiqar Ali Asad Khan Farooq Hussain Physical Education Public Sector Institutions Teachers The present study aimed at the evaluation of the M.Sc physical education program in public sector institutions in the context of teacher educators. The objectives of the study were (a) to evaluate the M.Sc Physical Education Program in public sector universities and colleges on the basis of CIPP, (b) to explore the strengths and weaknesses of the M.Sc Physical Education Program in Pakistan and (c) to suggest measures for further improvement of the M.Sc Program in Pakistan. A validated 44 items questionnaire for teacher educators was used for the collection of data. A Chi-square test was applied to the collected data. It was recommended that regular seminars and sports workshops might be organized to improve the research and report writing skills. It was also recommended that proper provision of physical facilities and sports infrastructure might also be provided to improve deficient aspects of the program. Humanity Publications PET, Department Elementary & Secondary Education, KP, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Education, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. HOD, Department of Physical Education, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/evaluation-of-m-sc-physical-education-program-in-public-sector-institutions-teachers-perspective https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).21 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Emergence of Application Based Transportation and its Impacts on Travelling Trends: A Case Study of Lahore Hammna Jillani Hesan Zahid Nosheen Rasool App Based Transportation On-Demand Ride Service Online Taxi Ride Sharing RideHailing and Transportation Network Companies The urban transportation system impacts the sustainable development of a country. Ride sourcing is a transportation model that operates under the notion of sharing economy. This study attempts to identify the changes in travel patterns of the users, particularly female users and their access to space. Focusing on how for the women in Lahore, the mobility has changed? The data for this research has been collected from passengers and drivers of ride-sourcing in Lahore through structured questionnaires. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to do the econometric analysis of consumers and drivers. Main findings indicate that for females, there is a significant shift in travel patterns from conventional modes (family car, public transportation) towards ride-sourcing. The results indicate that Uber and Careem has improved mobility as women feel secure in ride-sourcing services compared to public transportation. The female population of Lahore have started taking more trips because of car availability. The paper also tries to calculate the carbon emissions of ride-sourcing. The increasing number of cars is contributing to the city's worsening air pollution as the concept of 'one person in one car' prevails. The social impacts are positive, where women have become more mobile and independent because of app-based transportation. Humanity Publications Teaching Associate, Department of Environmental Science & Policy (Lahore School of Economics), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Department of Commerce & Finance (G C University, Lahore), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. In-Charge, Department of Commerce & Finance (G C University, Lahore), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/emergence-of-application-based-transportation-and-its-impacts-on-travelling-trends-a-case-study-of-lahore https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).22 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Role of Diplomacy and Deterrence in Managing Pakistan-India Crisis: A Case Study of Post-Bombay Attacks Crisis Farooque Ahmed Leghari Hussain Abbas Ashfaque Ali Banbhan India Pakistan Nuclear Deterrence War Crisis Peace Diplomacy The menace of terrorism gives another blow to Indo-Pak relations in 2008 when the terrorists hit Mumbai, one of the major economic hubs of India killing hundreds of people and creating panic for almost four days. India alleged Pakistan for its involvement in the attack. India claimed that Pakistan's territory was used against India. Pakistan rejected Indian allegation, condemned the terrorist attacks and stated that it has no involvement in the terrorist attacks. The major objective of this article is to look at the role of nuclear deterrence in averting war between India and Pakistan during 2008 postMumbai Attacks crisis. The qualitative methodology is used in this research. Semi structured interviews give a rich data to better understand the crisis. The article gives three findings. First, it indicates that militant group involved in Mumbai terrorist attack wanted the nuclear weapon states to fight a war. Second, it indicates that the diplomacy plays a vital role along with nuclear deterrence in averting crisis between India and Pakistan. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Singh, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, School of Politics and International Relations, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Commerce, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/role-of-diplomacy-and-deterrence-in-managing-pakistanindia-crisis-a-case-study-of-postbombay-attacks-crisis https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).23 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Impact of Teacher Effectiveness on Students' Engagement at University Level Madeeha Murad Abdul Ghaffar Samreen Mehmood Teacher Effectiveness Students' Engagement Interest & Regularity This research work has focused on the investigation of The Impact of Teacher Effectiveness on Students' Engagement at the University Level. A quantitative research design was adopted to collect data from the respondents who included the teaching faculty of Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan. The major objectives of the study were to investigate the impact of teachers' qualification and experience on the students' engagement. It also investigated the gender-wise difference of teachers' effectiveness on students' engagement. Findings of the study show that teachers' qualification and experience has no direct impact on the students' engagement.. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Education, University of Chitral, KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Education, AWKUM, Mardan, PK, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, AWKUM, Mardan, PK, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/impact-of-teacher-effectiveness-on-students-engagement-at-university-level https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).24 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Supervision of Research at Higher Education: Perception and Practices of Supervisors in Karachi Pakistan Pervaiz Ali Mahesar Farzana Jabeen Mubina Pathan Supervisory Higher Education Perception Practices The purpose of this research study was to find the perceptions and practices of researchers who supervised the research scholars at the higher education level. It is the common complaint of the students that their supervisors do not cooperate and resultantly the research study does not complete quite well in time. A quality research approach was adopted for the purpose, and sixteen research supervisors were interviewed. Responses of the supervisors who were included in this research for finding problems the supervisors are facing in the process of research supervision at higher education level, data were collected through open-ended questions which were presented during personal interviews to supervisors from private and government universities, both from social sciences and from applied sciences. While the findings of this research show more than these problems which supervisors are facing. It is recommended that the supervisor's point of view should also take into consideration, and further researches should be conducted to analyses hidden areas of this process. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Teacher Education, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Information Technology Center, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/supervision-of-research-at-higher-education-perception-and-practices-of-supervisors-in-karachi-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).25 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Critical Thinking and Curriculum of English at Higher Secondary School Level in Pakistan Ms Bushra Afshan Huma 21st Century Skills Critical Thinking Curriculum of English Critical Analysis Professional Development International competitiveness, new technologies and changing markets resulted in a paradigm shift in education that demanded to enrich students with higher-order thinking skills, especially critical thinking. National Curriculum Pakistan was developed and launched in 2006. The curriculum of English (2006) has been devised to provide opportunities for language development of learners to equip them with the competencies that help to better adapt to knowledge advancement and ever-changing local and global society. To investigate if the intended curriculum of English has the goals of higher-order thinking and the planned curriculum in the form of textbooks, is designed keeping in view the current demands of competitive competencies for what the National curriculum of English was planned, and to assess the teachers' perspectives and perception about critical thinking, the researcher conducted a qualitative study. In one of the districts of Punjab Pakistan, based upon the highest enrollment, four male and four female colleges from each of its four subdivisions were selected. One male and one female teacher from each college volunteered to participate in the study. The three-stage study aimed to analyze the intended and planned curriculum of English at higher secondary school level and then analyze the teacher's perception regarding critical thinking, and the actual classroom practices were observed to review the enacted curriculum. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Educational Planning Policy Studies and Leadership, Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Planning Policy Studies and Leadership, Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/critical-thinking-and-curriculum-of-english-at-higher-secondary-school-level-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).26 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Status of ADR in Existing Laws of Pakistan: A Brief Study Abida Hassan Dil Muhammad Malik ADR Existing Laws Dispute Resolution Amicable Code of Civil Procedure This article highlights already working of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in existing laws of Pakistan and mentions the provisions in which Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) is already available in various federal as well as provincial laws of Pakistan, but unluckily has not been applied or followed properly and new legislations have been enacted. There is only a need to create awareness on the said topic. This article also points out the benefits of this system because it provides justice to people at their doorstep but also reduces the backlog of cases and lessens the burden on courts so that they can give genuine attention to matters serious in nature. There is a need to introduce this system at all levels, which will be beneficial not only for the legal system in particular but also for the social system in general. This article creates not only awareness but also identifies the weaknesses of the legal system in Pakistan and link them with the problems of this country; it makes some suggestions for making this system more effective. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Law, University of South Asia, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Dean, Department of Law, University of South Asia, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/status-of-adr-in-existing-laws-of-pakistan-a-brief-study https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).27 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Decline of Separatist Movement in Sindh (1971-77): An Outcome of PPP Rise to Power Sultan Mubariz Khan Asia Saif Alvi Farzana Zaheer Syed Sindhi Nationalism Regional Autonomy Separatism Economic Deprivations Sindhi-Mohajir Contradiction The decade of 1970 witnessed a landmark change in Sindh's political spectrum as the centripetal elements started to flourish while putting centrifugal politics into the background. Why did the political mosaic of Sindh alter? And how did it alter? These key questions are investigated in this study. Since this alteration owed the fundamental structural and ideological transformation of Pakistan's politics. Pakistan People's Party (PPP)) headed by a leader from rural Sindh formed a central government as well as the provincial government of Sindh. Various measures taken by the PPP government got appreciations of Sindhi masses and became a cause to promote greater attachment with the Pakistani state, which appeared estranged erstwhile. Hence, the hypothesis gets approved that the popularity of a mainstream political party in a peripheral region can strengthen the process of national integration and evaporate sub-nationalist separatist tendencies. This study is based on deductive reasoning as it makes a profound analysis of the phenomenon in perspective of scholarly insights of Alexis Heraclides, Ramon Maize and Susan J. Henders. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science & IR, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science & IR, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Government College for Women University Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/decline-of-separatist-movement-in-sindh-197177-an-outcome-of-ppp-rise-to-power https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).28 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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American Indian Identity in The Heirs of Columbus Mehwish Ali Khan Fahmida Manzoor Shumaila Mazhar American Indian Identity Eurocentric Discourse of Power The present study aims to explore the identity construction in The Heirs of Columbus. The Heirs of Columbus exhibits the chronic representations of primitive inferior Indian constructed by the Euro Americans through the exercise of colonialism. These representations have been spread on both conscious and unconscious levels to maintain power and colonial hegemony. Gerald Vizenor deconstructs the stereotype Indian through his writings hence refute the eurocentric notion of stereotype native. He unveils the Eurocentric ideology by rewriting history in a subversive ironical way, records the construction of Indian thus reconstructs him in his narration. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/american-indian-identity-in-the-heirs-of-columbus https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).29 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Integration of Mobile Learning in Education: Perceptions of Prospective Teachers Rizwan Ahmad Fareeha Javed Safia Naveed Perceptions Mobile Learning Handheld IT Devices Information and Communication Technology Classroom Environment M-Learning Culture M-Learning is the use of mobile and handheld IT devices for learning. It became a cheaper source of information and communication, which is now in the access of anyone, anytime and anywhere using mobile devices. This qualitative research was conducted on 21 prospective teachers from the University of Education selected through stratified and random sampling techniques to explore the awareness and perception regarding M-Learning. The semi-structured interview protocol was used to collect the data. It was got validated by experts. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The study concluded that prospective teachers used mobile devices for communication, academics, recreation and social networking. M-Learning created ease in learning and improved it. It made learning flexible, gave better understanding and saved time. Lack of facilities, unethical use and traditional classroom environment were the hurdles in its implementation. Facilities needed to be provided; parents and teachers should protect the youngsters from unethical use. Humanity Publications University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Head of TESOL Department, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. School of Education Department, Government of Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/integration-of-mobile-learning-in-education-perceptions-of-prospective-teachers https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).30 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Social Change Model through Teaching of Islamiat for Secondary School Teachers: A Systematic Literature Review Huma Naz Najam Ul Kashif Social Change Islamiat Subject Secondary School Teachers Man is known as a social animal, and his journey from uncivilized to civilized human is only due to education. Means teachers are the main stakeholders to change society. Subject Islmiat in the education system of Pakistan from Primary to secondary school level and even at the higher education have a unique place. Islamiat has two major domains; ethics and virtues. Teachers have the duty to fulfil the needs of the nation, being a model or a subject of social change agent. Social change model based on the four basic elements, i.e. values and beliefs; physical environment; Technology, and diffusion. Teachers, especially the teachers of Islamiat with their pedagogy and course content, infuse and practice the ethics and virtues among their students with the help of creative and critical thinking technique as this technique abled the students to think on the existing things but in a new and critical way. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Education, The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/social-change-model-through-teaching-of-islamiat-for-secondary-school-teachers-a-systematic-literature-review https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).31 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Appraisal of Public Diplomacy Strategies of Major States: Lessons for Pakistan Azka Gull Shabnam Gul Shujat Ali Public Diplomacy Soft Power Culture Student Exchange Programs Foreign Policy The objective of diplomacy is to advance a country's national interests; Public Diplomacy(PD) achieves this aim by communicating directly with the foreign publics and ultimately influencing their governments. Major global actors including the US, UK, China, South Korea, and India, utilize public diplomacy as a foreign policy instrument. All these countries have developed cohesive policies and strategies to conduct public diplomacy. Pakistan can also utilize public diplomacy to fulfil its foreign policy objectives. This research article analyzes the public diplomacy strategy of Pakistan along with the UK, US, China, South Korea and India in order to identify the various strategies and tools adopted by these states. This research only investigates public diplomacy policy and strategy; the outcome of these efforts are not discussed. Distinctive aspects and instruments of PD strategies of all six countries are recognized, along with drawing lessons for an effective PD strategy in Pakistan. This research concludes that Pakistan can adopt certain effective elements from public diplomacy practices of other states and develop a cohesive and sound PD strategy of its own. Humanity Publications Research Scholar, Department of International Relations, COMSATS, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Ministry of Defence, Pakistan 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/appraisal-of-public-diplomacy-strategies-of-major-states-lessons-for-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).32 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Positionality and Normative Geographies in Native American Women's Writings Fasih ur Rehman Atta-ul-Mustafa Mahjabeen Marginalization Native American Fiction Native American Patriarchy Native American Woman Normative Geography The present study aims to revisit Louise Erdrich's Tracks, Polingaysi Qoyawayma's No Turning Back, and Diane Glancy's The Reason for Crows to understand the portrayal of normative geographies in these works. The study considers Tim Cresswell's theoretical formulations of normative geography to explore the constitution and Native American women's positionality within these normative geographic structures. The study maintains that Native American normative geographies are structured to maintain Native American patriarchal socio-cultural supremacy. The study also asserts that Native American woman is located at the margin of these biased normative geographic structures. Humanity Publications Lecturer in English, Khushal Khan Khattak University Karak, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor (English), Department of Humanities & Linguistics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer in English, Department of English, Lahore College for Women University, Jhang Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/positionality-and-normative-geographies-in-native-american-womens-writings https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).33 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Balance of Power between Pakistan and India: China's Role Uroosa Ishfaq Kashif Ashfaq Saima Gul China Pakistan India Rivalry Convergence of Interests Balance of Power China's rapid strategic elevation has been accompanied by its conscious efforts to have a dominant position in South Asia.China, a growing world power, is on the verge of having access to warm water and Euro-Asia. This has resulted in China's cordial relations with Pakistan. The convergence of interests regarding India is yet another factor shaping China-Pakistan friendship. Chinese initiatives in the South Asian region have expanded sharply in recent years. The paper explores China's position in South Asian politics and its role in balancing power between Pakistan and India. China's strategic interest in South Asia and its relation with India and Pakistan are discussed as the sole factors responsible for China's involvement in BOP between Pakistan and India. Secondary data has been collected from books, articles, and newspapers. The study's findings suggest that China's growing interest in Pakistan has enabled it to ensure strategic deterrence. Humanity Publications Visiting Lecturer, Department of Political Science, Women University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan MPhil Scholar, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University Of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of International Relations, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/balance-of-power-between-pakistan-india-chinas-role https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).34 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Research Intends and Trends in Universities of Punjab Province Muhammad Qasim Ali Najam Ul Kashif Muhammad Irfan Chani Research Intends Trends Universities Globalization has many advantages and disadvantages, and technology, advancements, and societal shifts have all influenced education. In today's world, research is a source of success and development. The study's objective was; to find out scholars' research intends and trends at the tertiary level. The study included all MS/M.Phil. Scholars in public and private universities of Punjab province. The study sample includes 341 researchers from four prestigious universities in Punjab. The researchers developed a questionnaire to gauge research scholars' intends and current research trends at the tertiary level. The study concluded that the libraries in universities do not have up-to-date material for research scholars.University teachers inspire and motivate their students to do research. It is suggested that Universities may hire curriculum developers to design an inspiring and motivating curriculum that will instill a research-oriented attitude and culture among university students. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, COMSATS, Vehari Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/research-intends-and-trends-in-universities-of-punjab-province https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).35 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Economic Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment: Empirical Evidence from South Asian Economies Shams ul Haq Muhammad Sohail Alam Khan Brekhana Gul FDI GDP Energy Consumption Debt PMG panel ARD This study aims to explore the economic factors of foreign direct investment in five South Asian economies, including India,Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. Data period is ranging from 1996 to 2020. PMG panel ARDL model is used for estimating the coefficients of the investment demand function. I'm, Pesaran and Shin W-test and Levin, Lin, and Chu t-testsare used for finding stationary of the data. Panel Kao residuals co integration technique is applied for detecting the long-run co integration among the variables. This study finds that, first, economic growth, energy consumption, and education are positively contributing towards the inflow of FDI; second, gross capital formation, government debt, inflation, and debt servicing are negatively affecting the inflow of FDI in these economies. Based on the empirical findings, it is recommended that government should play an effective role in improving the economic growth, bringing stability in prices, and investing in the education sector to make the inflow of FDI more attractive. Implementation of effective debt-management policies also stands radical for the inflows of foreign direct investment. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Alfalah University Nangarhar, Afghanistan Lecturer, Department of Economics, Faculty of Business and Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan Lecturer, Department of Economics, Faculty of Business and Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/economic-determinants-of-foreign-direct-investment-empirical-evidence-from-south-asian-economies https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).36 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Indian Armed Intervention in East Pakistan and Creation of Bangladesh: A Critical Analysis under International Law Adnan Rahman Tehmina Aslam Saqib Shahbaz Armed Intervention East Pakistan Bangladesh International Law and Territorial Integrity This paper aims at analyzing the nature of the Indian armed intervention in East Pakistan under International law. The unilateral armed intervention of the India led to the creation of Bangladesh without any resolution of the UN. Moreover,the controversial unilateral intervention of the India inside the territorial jurisdiction of the Pakistan was also not expressly supported by other significant number of states. There is a need to have a critical analysis of the Indian armed intervention in Eastern Pakistan under UN Charter and other relevant provisions of the International Law. The findings of this research paper will be based upon the critical review of existing literature on the insurgency in Eastern Pakistan, Indian intervention in Eastern Pakistan and the creation of Bangladesh. This study can be very useful and relevant in the future to analyze the role of India in the creation of Bangladesh under International Law. Humanity Publications Faculty Member, Department of Law, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan Director, Sundar STEM School and College, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/indian-armed-intervention-in-east-pakistan-and-creation-of-bangladesh-a-critical-analysis-under-international-law https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).37 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Comparative Analysis of the US and Chinese Foreign Policy Towards South Asia; Implications for Pakistan Waseem Ishaque Rizwana Karim Abbasi Usha Rehman Strategic Partnership Balance of Power Peaceful Co-Existence. South Asia has its geopolitical significance due to its proximity with the oil-rich Middle Eastern States, natural resourcerich Central Asia and economically developed states of South-East Asian States. South Asia has two nuclear states; Pakistan and India. Since the end of 2nd World War, the USA has been present which has provided stability to this region. The USA had extended its investment and aid to Pakistan in during cold war which had maintained a Balance of Power between India and Pakistan. U.S. articulated response against Soviet invasion in 1979 and later entered in Afghanistan in 2001 on the pretext of WoT. Chinese foreign policy has fostered stability in South Asian region. Through its "Win-Win" policy, China has very firm economic relations with all South Asian states. Through BRI, China wants economic prosperity in the South Asian region. In such environments, Pakistan must have to act pragmatically, avoiding zero-sum policy. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, National University of Modern Languages (NUML) Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor/HOD, Department of International Relations, National University of Modern Languages (NUML) Islamabad, Pakistan. LLM Scholar, Department of Law, AWKUM Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/comparative-analysis-of-the-us-and-chinese-foreign-policy-towards-south-asia-implications-for-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-IV).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Role of Media in Minimizing Religious Extremism and Ethnic Instability in Balochistan, Pakistan Babrak Niaz Ali Hassan Sadaf Irtaza Media Ethnicity Extremism Instability. This paper attempts to search out different conflicting issues that caused unrest in Balochistan from almost two decades. The incident of twin towers 9/11 has changed global order, and its impact and repercussion were felt in the barren mountains of Balochistan. The is the fifth insurgency in Balochistan, and from over 50 years the issue remained unresolved, beside nationalists movement in Balochistan extremist religious factor also played a pivotal role in the escalation of unrest. This paper shed light on to the historical perspective of both the Religious and ethnic conflicting issue, and it will also look into the media status that how it can play its role in minimizing both these conflicting issues. The study is descriptive in nature, and this study will find out some possible solution in the form of suggestions and commendations. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Media Studies, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Media Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Media Studies, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/role-of-media-in-minimizing-religious-extremism-and-ethnic-instability-in-balochistan-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-IV).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Investigating the Drivers and Future Paradigms of Social Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries: Empirical Study of Pakistan Sana Shuja Ahmad Khan Syed Arslan Haider Anita Shuja Intentions Institutions Social entrepreneurship. The purpose of this study is to determine the drivers of social entrepreneurship in a developing country. Institutional theory is applied to check the impact of different institutions on social entrepreneurship intentions in Pakistan. For this purpose, three independent variables: coercive environment, normative environment, and cognitive environment have been used, and the dependent variable is social entrepreneurship intention. Perceived feasibility has been taken as a mediating variable. A sample of 357 is selected, and data has been collected through questionnaires surveys from different university students of Pakistan. Data analysis is done through descriptive analysis. Nvivo 20 is used to explore the future paradigms of social entrepreneurship in Pakistan. The results of his study indicated that cognitive environment and perceived feasibility have direct and significant relation with social entrepreneurship intentions, perceived feasibility doesn't mediate the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Business School, University of Central Punjab, Punjab, Pakistan MPhil Scholar, Business School, University of Central Punjab, Punjab, Pakistan Visiting Lecturer, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/investigating-the-drivers-and-future-paradigms-of-social-entrepreneurship-in-developing-countries-empirical-study-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-IV).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Alternative Frameworks in Learning the Speaking Skills of English Language Among Prospective Teachers: Looking for best Possible Reasons Muzammila Akram Hafeez Ullah Nasreen Akhter Alternative Frameworks Speaking Skill Prospective Teachers English Language Reasons Behind Alternative Frameworks The present study was conducted to diagnose alternative frameworks and to explore its best possible reasons in English speaking of prospective teachers. The present study was a case study. Diagnostic oral test and interviews were used as research tools. The three hundred (300) prospective teachers of B.Ed. (1.5 years) and BS (Hons) classes were selected purposively as a sample for an oral diagnostic test. The fifteen (15) prospective teachers who possessed more alternative frameworks were selected purposively for a semi-structured interview. Data were analyzed qualitatively using a thematic approach. Moreover, data triangulation was used to compile the results of the test and interview. The study explored the pronunciation, grammar, article, and alternative prepositional frameworks in learning the speaking skills of the English language among prospective teachers. Poor listening, traditional teaching methodology and interference of mother language were the major reasons for these alternative frameworks. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/alternative-frameworks-in-learning-the-speaking-skills-of-english-language-among-prospective-teachers-looking-for-best-possible-reasons https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-IV).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Influence of Westernized Culture on Women Via Television Drama and Films: A Survey of Lahore District Tanveer Hussain Ashraf Iqbal Muhammad Asif Yaseen Western Culture Eastern Women Drama Film The study is conducted to investigate the "Influence of westernized culture on eastern women via tv drama and films." Tv drama and films play an important role in women and youth life as it influences their lifestyle, dressing sense and language as well. In this research, the researcher wants to know the influence of western culture on eastern women. The data was collected from a sample of 130 women in Lahore via an online questionnaire survey. Five research questions were developed in this research which focuses on the influence of western culture on eastern women, their lifestyle, dressing sense, their speaking style and for how long the influence remains on them. The researcher analyzed that there are choices to women whether to influenced or not but the western culture replacing eastern culture and playing an important role in people's life through drama and film content. It's also the fact that only a small number of women are in favor to ban the western content. Humanity Publications Assistant Professors, School of Media and Communication Studies, University of Management and Technology Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Incahrge/Assistant Professor, Department of Mass Communication, GC University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Officer Incharge, Livestock Experiment Station, Chak Katora, Hasil Pur, District Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/influence-of-westernized-culture-on-women-via-television-drama-and-films-a-survey-of-lahore-district https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-IV).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Identification of the Learning Choices of Undergraduate Students in District Bahawalpur Safura Fatima Sidra Rasheed Tehrima Sundas Learning Choices Academic Achievement Interest Socioeconomic Status. Aim of the study was to identify the learning choices of undergraduate students. The key objectives of the study were (a) to examine the Impact of learning choices on academic achievement, (b) to find out the factors that influence the learning choices of undergraduate students. Nature of the study was descriptive, and the survey was used to explore the reasons from the students about their learning choices. Total 240 BS Students from Higher Education Institutions of District Bahawalpur were selected randomly. The questionnaire was the main source of collecting information from undergraduate students. Results of the study identified that majority of the undergraduate students face difficulty in choosing the right learning course while less than half of the students were satisfied with their learning choices. Humanity Publications M Phil Scholar, Department of Education, National College of Business Administration & Economics, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. M Phil Scholar, Department of Education, National College of Business Administration & Economics, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/identification-of-the-learning-choices-of-undergraduate-students-in-district-bahawalpur https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-IV).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Effect of Multi-Channeled Cable TV and Varying Demographics on Political Enlightenment of Youth Muhammad Khalique Kamboh Imran Muslim Hafiz Muhammad Muddser Political Maturity Youth Demographic Variables Cable Television. Mass media is considered to be one of the important agents for the enlightenment of the audience towards better living. Media consumption has taken new trends due to availability of multi-channelled cable television on a large scale. It was hypothesized that the increase in media consumption might have enhanced the political maturity of viewers and make them more productive for society. For data collection through a survey questionnaire, multistage cluster sampling technique was used. Results of the study confirmed the fact that cable TV played a positive role in enhancing the political knowledge of youth. Moreover, the youth of cable TV areas was found to be more mature politically as compared to the youth of noncable TV areas. The study concluded that if more number of options is available in terms of different forms of media or as numerous TV channels, selective exposure becomes very hard and "enhancement in knowledge" is the ultimate result of this phenomenon, hence bringing up the betterment in political maturity of the people. Humanity Publications Department of Geography, Government Postgraduate College Samanabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Mass Communication, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Department of Mass Communication, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/effect-of-multichanneled-cable-tv-and-varying-demographics-on-political-enlightenment-of-youth https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-IV).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Workaholism, Burnout and Career Stagnation: An Analysis of Barriers to Motivation among Faculty of Public Sector Universities in Quetta Hira Shabbir Saubia Ramzan Jameel Ahmad Burnout Workaholism Career Stagnation Self-Efficacy Motivation Teacher and Barriers This paper aims to recognize the factors that hamper the motivation among teaching staff of public sector universities in Quetta. The study was conducted by surveying 303 people who were a part of the teaching sector. The questionnaire was administered to all the participants and respondents recognized three main factors that are barriers to motivation such as burnout, workaholism, career stagnation and with the inclusion of mediating variable (self-efficacy). Two major tests were applied, such as; multiple regression to compute the effect of one variable on other variable and bootstrapping was applied to compute mediation indirect effect. The results indicated a significant negative effect of burnout, workaholism and career stagnation on motivation. The results also stated the significant indirect effect of mediating variable; however, educational institutions handling with motivational factors should pay particularly close attention to variables that hamper one's motivation. Deciding to aid, an educational institution should be preceded by an in-depth analysis of what the teaching faculty perceive to be the barriers to their motivation. Humanity Publications MS Scholar, Institute to Management Sciences, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Professor, Faculty of Management Sciences, Business and Information Technology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/workaholism-burnout-and-career-stagnation-an-analysis-of-barriers-to-motivation-among-faculty-of-public-sector-universities-in-quetta https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-IV).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

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A Study of Motivational Factors for Pre-service Teachers' Choice of Teaching as a Career Kamal Ud Din Fasiha Altaf Raima Mubashar Teacher Education Teacher Attitude Teacher Motivation Teaching Career This study explored 270 student-teachers' attitudes towards teaching profession in two public sector universities in Pakistan. A self-developed questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire included 5-point Likert scaled items. The results of an initial descriptive analysis showed that 'teaching as a source of lifelong learning received the highest positive response. While 'I chose a teaching career because I had no other choice' was the lowest. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that there were three major motivational factors in choosing teaching career: (1) Relatively easy availability (2) being more respected job, and (3) teaching being a relaxing job. Comparisons on demographics showed no significant difference between universities, as t (268) = 3.476, p Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Educational Development, Karakoram International University, Gilgit Balitstan, Pakistan. Ph.D. Scholar, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/a-study-of-motivational-factors-for-preservice-teachers-choice-of-teaching-as-a-career https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-IV).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Natural Disaster Reporting: A Content Analysis of Locust Infestation Coverage in Pakistani Newspaper Amir Bajwa Ifra Iftikhar Irem Sultana Locust Infestation Locust Control Disaster Reporting Media Coverage Disaster Management Cycle PPRR Prevention Preparedness Response Recovery This study analyzed the quality of disaster reporting by the daily Dawn on the locust attack of 2019-20 in Pakistan through the prevention, preparedness, response and recovery (PPRR) phases of disaster management. The findings showed that; (1) the amount of coverage given to the disaster was insufficient in face of the severity of the crisis. (2) The crisis was covered in the current affairs lens inadequate for disaster coverage which requires a comprehensive approach and sustained focus. (3) Due to the absence of maps and charts the coverage was unable to establish a clear timeline of the disaster and the response, orientation of the scale and course of the locust attack in the minds of the public thus failed to merit the due attention of the donors and volunteerism in the people. It is concluded that discrepancies in the disaster reporting are due to the lack of training and knowledge that disaster reporting demands. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Mass Communication, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Mass Communication, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Mass Communication, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/natural-disaster-reporting-a-content-analysis-of-locust-infestation-coverage-in-pakistani-newspaper https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-IV).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Exploring Personal Deixis in Western Music: A Corpus-Based Study Arshad Ali Athar Rashid Ameer Sultan Pragmatics Deixis Song Lyrics Western Music Corpus-Based Study Pragmatics informs us about the relationship between the use of language and its context. This relationship is identified through person deixis. This research interprets the reference meaning of personal deixis and looks at the most frequent personal deixis used in the lyrics of male and female English singers. This research uses a corpus method for the analysis. The data was collected from online sources to compile corpora of songs sung by male and female singers. The research has adopted both qualitative and quantitative approaches for the analysis of corpora. The corpus was tagged using parts-of-speech tagger (POS Tagger) and analyzed using AntConc software. The findings suggest that personal deixis are frequently used by both male and female singers. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Governance & Public Policy, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/exploring-personal-deixis-in-western-music-a-corpusbased-study https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-IV).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

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On-Campus Drug Consumption: Exploring the Trends and Patterns in Metropolitan Cities of Pakistan Saba Aslam Khan Imran Sabir Rahat Shah Drug Abuse Educational Institutions Trends Patterns Teenage Pakistan This study is aimed at inquiring trends and patterns of illicit drug consumption in educational institutions of metropolitan cities of Pakistan. The quantitative research design was employed, where data was collected from 4997 students (3940 boys and 1057 girls) of public and private schools, colleges and universities of Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore and Peshawar through self-administered questionnaires. The study sample was selected through multistage cluster sampling. The study found that overall (19.6%) students used any sort of drug at least once in lifetime whereas, (3.7%) were found to be daily consumers. Worrisomely, about half of the students (49.5%) had exposure to drugs in their teenage and further (7%) even under age 10. The ratio of female student's drug exposure prior to age 10 was more startling and twice higher than male. Strikingly (36%) students take drugs on campus. Findings suggest the need for taking measures to prevent the prevalence of drug use in educational institutions. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Sociology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Sociology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/oncampus-drug-consumption-exploring-the-trends-and-patterns-in-metropolitan-cities-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-IV).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Re-Inscription of Black History/Body in Morrison's Beloved and Paradise Mumtaz Ahmad Asim Aqeel Sahar Javaid Black Feminism Black History Body Morrison Pahllogocentric Discourse This article contends how Toni Morrison has used her black fiction to reject the dominant conceptions of reality and truth constructed by the white pahllogocentric discourses that tended to perpetuate white power interests. The poststructuralist assumption that knowledge and reality are socially constructed phenomenon provides useful insight into Morrison's narrative strategies and helps understand how, on one hand, she represents the ways the history of the black Africans had been badly disfigured in the white discourse resulting in the construction of the negative stereotypes of the black people as barbarians, savages, and uncivilized people whose mythical history and social values were invalidated as inauthentic and savage that needed the enlightening intervention of the white Europeans and, on the other hand, apart from revealing the discursive facts that control reality formation, she disrupts and displaces dominant and oppressive white knowledges. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government Guru Nanak Postgraduate College, Nankana Sahib, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities & Linguistics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/reinscription-of-black-historybody-in-morrisons-beloved-and-paradise https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-IV).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Trade Competitiveness of Pakistan's Fruits and Vegetables in World Market Hira Manzoor Muhammad Safyan Fabia Manzoor Trade competitiveness Comparative advantage Vegetable crops Fruits crops Pakistan Fruit and vegetable crops are a priority in agriculture by virtue of their vast potential in improving the socio-economic conditions of the country. To investigate the international competitiveness by analyzing the comparative and competitive advantage of vegetables and fruits from Pakistan, Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Relative Export Advantage (RXA), Relative Import Advantage( RMA), Relative Trade Advantage (RTA) and Laffey Index used as analytical tools. For this purpose, time-series data set from the International Trade Center from 2011-2019. Findings revealed that Pakistan maintained a comparative advantage and competitiveness in imports of fruits while disadvantaging vegetables. Even though Pakistan has export competitiveness over its rivals but is still importing a huge amount of fruits and vegetables. To gain better competitiveness in exports of horticultural products and to reduce imports, it is important to rethink the trade policies of Pakistan and invest in the research and development sector. Humanity Publications Department of Commerce, Govt. College of Woman University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/trade-competitiveness-of-pakistans-fruits-and-vegetables-in-world-market https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-IV).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Monitoring Process and Performance of Teachers: A Quantitative Study of Primary Schools in Punjab Syed Kamran Ali Shah Muqaddas Butt Mubashar Nadeem Monitoring Performance Quantitative Primary Schools Academic Results Monitoring is such an organized way of data collection and analysis regarding any program that executes during the phase of implementation. This study aimed at studying the process of monitoring and exploring its correlation with the performance of primary school teachers. The objectives of the study involved exploring different aspects of the monitoring process and its relationship with the performance of primary school teachers. A quantitative research design was employed. The study was descriptive in nature. The sample consisted of 400 teachers, including 200 male teachers and 200 female teachers, using a convenient sampling technique. A research instrument was developed by the researchers and validated through a pilot study. Data were analyzed and interpreted by using (SPSS 21.0). The study concluded that the monitoring process in schools improves the performance of teachers and the academic results of students. It was recommended that policymakers should focus on enhancing the professional skills of the monitoring team. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/monitoring-process-and-performance-of-teachers-a-quantitative-study-of-primary-schools-in-punjab https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-IV).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Determining the Custody of a Child in Pakistan Zaheer Iqbal Cheema Jawwad Riaz Ali Nawaz Khan Child Custody in Pakistan Custodial Rights on Custody of the Child Law on Child Custody Determining the Custody of the Ward The primary law on the custody of the child in Pakistan is contained in the Guardian and Wards Act, 1890. It has been in existence since aeon without substantial amendments over the period. Each parent goes to every extent to interpret the legal provisions to establish his/ her custody of the ward/ child. The lacunas in the legal provisions have resulted in far-reaching consequences for the ward. This article tends to focus on the deficiencies existing in the prevailing laws and traces the development in the legal framework on the subject. It highlights the pertinent factors concerning the custody of the ward that has been established by the judicial interpretation of the legal provisions on custody. The article concludes that the deficiencies need to be addressed within the legal boundaries while focusing on the welfare of the child. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, University Law College, New Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, University Law College, New Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, University Law College, New Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/determining-the-custody-of-a-child-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-IV).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Anthropometrics Characteristics and Physical Fitness of Private and Government School Boys of Lodhran, Punjab, Pakistan Muhammad Imran Muhammad Zia ul Haq Muhammad Badar Habib Anthropometry Physical Fitness Schoolboys Lodhran Physical Activities This study is the comparison of the anthropometric and physical fitness of schoolboys. Data was collected from government (n = 125) and private (n = 125), ten -to- years old. An independent t-test was applied to compare stature, body mass, girths, lengths, push-ups, standing broad jump, agility and 30-meter dash. Results showed the private schoolboys were significantly superior to the government schoolboys in body mass, girths and inferior in 30-meter dash and agility. It is concluded the private school boys have a better option of food intake and transportation to reach school than the government schoolboys. Therefore, private school boys were higher in body mass and girths than the government schoolboys. It also concluded physical activity like walking play a vital role in the growth and fitness of schoolboys. Thus, it is suggested parents should focus on the growth and fitness of schoolboys by giving proper exercise time and a balanced diet. Humanity Publications Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Physical Education & Sports Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/anthropometrics-characteristics-and-physical-fitness-of-private-and-government-school-boys-of-lodhran-punjab-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-IV).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Promoting Student's Awareness about Peace Education at University Level through Active Citizenship Program Sayeda Tatheer Zainab Ishrat Siddiqa Lodhi Safura Fatima Peace Education Active Citizenship Students Awareness This current paper investigated the perceptions and views of university students of the Active Citizenship Program at the BS level. Public sector universities that were offering a course of active citizenship program according to purposive sampling and were five in number. By using the Purposive sampling technique, 150 students of the 4th semesters, 75 participants and 75 non-participants of the Active Citizenship Program and were made part of the study. SPSS was used to analyze the quantitative data, and for the purpose of finding different independent t-test was applied between the responses of the participants and non-participants of the program. The result indicated that awareness programs/ courses related to peace education helped students to get awareness. The present program and course have contributed towards developing awareness with respect to knowledge and in fostering peace education skills but did not have a huge impact on the attitudes of participants about peace. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of Education, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of Education, National College of Business Administration & Economics Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/promoting-students-awareness-about-peace-education-at-university-level-through-active-citizenship-program https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Exploring the Interconnection between Native American Land/Environment and Women Mumtaz Ahmad Amara Javed Asim Aqeel Ecocriticism Ecofeminism Land Environment Subjectivity This article explores the relationship between Native American lands/environment and the women from ecocritical /ecofeminist perspectives. It has been postulated that while the Euro- American accounts of the history, culture, indigenous women and their relation with nature/land project stereotypical, negative images, Louise Erdrich, through the employment of hybrid narrative techniques combining Eurocentric and Native American modes of narration, has reconfigured the Native American women's environmental identity/subjectivity. This study conducts discourse analysis of the two richly thematic environmental narratives of Louise Erdrich to establish the interconnectivity between women and lands within the realm of ecofeminism. The primary texts explored include Tracks and Love Medicine. The study's contribution is it's highlighting the significance of the Native American Ecofeminist narratives that consider environmental issues to be human issues and thus positively affect the human attitude towards nature. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor/Principal, Government Guru Nanak Postgraduate College, Nankana Sahib, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government College Woman University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities & Linguistics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/exploring-the-interconnection-between-native-american-landenvironment-and-women https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Socio-Cultural Causes of Kala Kali (Honour Killing): A Case of Tehsil Jam Pur Saima Afzal Hammad Raza Adeela Manzoor Honor Killing Role of Sardar Fake Honor Killings Disrespecting the Respect Pakistani rural people have to face many problems under the umbrella of tribal laws and customs. These cultural norms and tribal laws compel the people to kill their wives, sisters, mothers and daughters in the name of so-called "honour". The major objectives of the study were to explore the socio-cultural causes of kali kali (honor killing) and to see the impacts of kala kali on victim's family. The cases of fourteen victims were studied where the members of victim's family were informants as victims themselves were not available. The result of the present study shows that the lust for money, feudalism, illiteracy and lack of awareness about human rights are the causes of kala kali. It can be reduced by increasing awareness and education. Government should launch some policies like a comprehensive legal awareness program to make people aware of their legal rights. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer (Visiting), Institute of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Rural Sociology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/socio-cultural-causes-of-kala-kali-honour-killing-a-case-of-tehsil-jam-pur https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Evaluating Unemployment through Grey Incidence Analysis Model: A Study of One Hundred Thirteen Selected Countries Abdul Aziz Khan Niazi Tehmina Fiaz Qazi Abdul Basit Unemployment Grey Incidence Analysis Model GRA Pakistan The purpose of the study is to gauge the unemployment level of selected one hundred and thirteen countries. The design of the study includes a survey of the literature, extraction of relevant data and analysis. The study follows a quantitative paradigm of research that uses secondary data set taken from the website of World Development Indicators (WDI). The analysis encompasses selected countries based on the availability of data. The data has been analyzed using Grey Incidence Analysis Model, commonly known as GRA. For interpretation of the results, the methodology has been augmented with the scheme of ensigns (i.e. classification of countries into Extremely Low, Very Low, Low, Moderate, High, Very High, Extremely High) of the level of unemployment. Results show that J&APR have an extremely low level of unemployment and member countries of SADC have an extremely high level of unemployment. Pakistan fall under the ensign of very low, therefore have a low level of unemployment. It is valuable to study equally useful for governments, academia and the international community. This study provides critical new information on the phenomenon. Humanity Publications Institute of Business & Management, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Hailey College of Banking and Finance, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lahore Institute of Science & Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/evaluating-unemployment-through-grey-incidence-analysis-model-a-study-of-one-hundred-thirteen-selected-countries https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Democracy and Federalism in Pakistan: An Analysis of PPP Government (2008-2013) Iltaf Khan Farman Ullah Bakhtiar Khan Democracy Federalism Provincial Autonomy Women Empowerment 18th Amendment Pakistan adopted a federal democratic system with a parliamentary type of governance. However, the political history of Pakistan reflects a deviation from parliamentary democracy and the least concern towards the institutionalization of its political system. The centralization of power, authoritarianism, the power thirst of political parties and the imbalance of civil-military relations always affected the democratic course of Pakistan. As a result of the 2008 elections, a power transition occurred from the military to the civilians. Pakistan People Party, after assuming power, restored the 1973 constitution to its original shape under the landmark 18th constitutional amendment. It reinforced parliamentary democracy and revisited federalism with complete autonomy for provinces abolishing the concurrent list. Steps were taken to ensure the independence of the judiciary and transparency of the election commission of Pakistan. This paper analyses the political and constitutional development during the PPP led government (2008-2013) and its role in establishing a viable federal democratic system based on participatory governance. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Pakistan Study Center, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Study Center, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Buner, KP, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/democracy-and-federalism-in-pakistan-an-analysis-of-ppp-government-20082013 https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Moral Stability of the Religious Education Students Ali Hussain Arif Muhammad Majid Mahmood Bagram Haider Ali Emotional Intelligence (EI) Moral Stability (MS) Religious Education (RE) Students This research was undertaken to assess the relationship between EI and MS of RE students. The researchers attempted to find out the differences in EI and MS due to different demographic variables such as age groups, marital status, and class. A purposive sampling technique was used for data collection from 200 RE students. The findings revealed that RE students had a moderate level of EI and high MS. The findings indicated that there was no significant relationship between EI and MS. Significant differences were not found in EI and MS among different age groups and different worldly academic degree holder students. This research also revealed that there was no significant difference between senior and junior students regarding EI. On the basis of research findings, it is recommended that RE authorities may inculcate subjects and activities related to EI in curricular and co-curricular activities in order to enhance the EI of their students. Humanity Publications National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan Associate Professor, Department of Business Administration, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-relationship-between-emotional-intelligence-and-moral-stability-of-the-religious-education-students https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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From Deconstruction to Reconstruction: Indian and Nigerian Nationalism and Colonial Encounter in Comparative Perspective Amara Khan Badal Sircar Biculturalism Culture Dramaturgy Imperialism Rabindranath Tagore Wole Soyinka The article converses how the culture and history of the Indians and Nigerians were mutilated by the colonists by creating the adverse stereotypes of the indigenous people as uncivilized whose history and societal ideals were annulled as mock and vicious that required the instructive mediation of the Europeans and, correspondingly how the dramatists of the two said countries interrupt and oust overriding and tyrannical European data. I have explored in the article through which technique the biculturalism in Rabindranath Tagore and Wole Soyinka's temperament and background enabled them both to develop a style of syncretic dramaturgy for the cultural relations that imperialism created in their nations. Primarily expert in abilities that empowered them to accomplish noteworthy functions in the lives of their countries, together Tagore and Soyinka was particularly ingrained in their specific cultures. Though the authors did not discard the past, they did not urge a return to it. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/from-deconstruction-to-reconstruction-indian-and-nigerian-nationalism-and-colonial-encounter-in-comparative-perspective https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Humanizing Women in Children Fiction: A Deconstructionist Reading of Girard's Girl Mans Up Sana Sajjad Asma Aftab Nafees Parvez Children Fiction Deconstruction Episteme(s) Essentialization The Eternal Feminine Feminism The present study explores how children fiction nuances the socialization of girls and boys in phallogocentric writings and societies. The teen-protagonists in children fiction highlight the prescribed socialization vis-a-vis the gender binary and contest against the overemphasized concept of girlhood and boyhood. The social prescription of how a girl and boy would behave essentializes their role in traditional patriarchal societies. They grow up as cultural beings and not as individuals. Simone de Beauvoir, a French Feminist Existentialist, jargonizes this socialization as 'the eternal feminine' in order to highlight the nature of gender binary in traditional patriarchal societies. Following this notion of de Beauvoir, this study deconstructs the socialization of children vis-a-vis their relationship with the discursive and non-discursive practices of a given culture. In this regard, this study delimited M-E Girard's Girl Mans Up to deconstruct the concept of 'the eternal feminine' by foregrounding the challenges of a teenage girl that she faces in order to subvert the prescribed gender binary of girlhood and boyhood vis-a-vis a prescribed social hierarchy. Humanity Publications MPhil English, Department of English, Government, College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government, College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of English, Government, College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/humanizing-women-in-children-fiction-a-deconstructionist-reading-of-girards-girl-mans-up https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Role of Backward Design in Improving Writing skills of Pakistani Undergraduate Students Farheen Saeed Fareeha Javed English as a Second Language (ESL) Backward Design (BD) Writing Skills Undergraduate Students Pakistan This study aimed to investigate the role of the backward design approach to improve undergraduate students' writing skills. A limited number of studies have been conducted on this issue internationally; however, this was the first study undertaken in the Pakistani context. The study employed a quantitative approach and quasi-experimental design. The data was collected through a quantitative pre and post questionnaire dispensed to 175 undergraduate students enrolled in the first year of the Bachelor of Studies program in a university in Pakistan. The findings offered a broad picture of the positive role of the intervention on undergraduate students writing skills. The difference proved that the backward design approach has a substantial effect on improving students' writing skills in this study. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Faculty of Education, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Head of TESOL Department, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-role-of-backward-design-in-improving-writing-skills-of-pakistani-undergraduate-students https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Relationship between Mindfulness and Enabling School Structure in Secondary School Teachers of Punjab Rizwan Ahmad Abid Hussain Chaudhry Enabling Structures Coercive Structures Enabling School Structure Faculty Mindfulness Principal Mindfulness Mindfulness This quantitative research was undertaken with the purpose to explore the relationship between enabling school structure (ESS) and mindfulness in secondary school teachers of Punjab. The population for this research study was comprised of 48652 SSTs working in 662 government high schools spread across the province of Punjab. Using a two-stage random sampling technique, 1266 secondary SSTs were selected from 216 government high schools out of 18 districts. The response rate was 74.47%. Form-ESS and M-Scale were adapted with prior permission. A pilot study was conducted to confirm the validity as well as reliability of the instrument. Necessary changes were made in the light of pilot testing. It was correlational research, and data were collected through a cross-sectional survey. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze the data. Perceptions of teachers were also aggregated at the school level. A positive relationship was observed between enabling school structure and mindfulness Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Education, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor and Dean, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/relationship-between-mindfulness-and-enabling-school-structure-in-secondary-school-teachers-of-punjab https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Investigating Matriarchal Mimicry of Patriarchy in a Pakistani Novel Zainab Akram Saima Yousaf Khan Amara Khan Mimicry The Other Sexism Patriarchy Matriarchy In an Eastern society, the institution of matrimony is influenced by social, cultural, psychological, emotional, religious and familial influences. Using concepts of "mimicry" and "the Other" under theoretical stances of mimicry by Bhaba (1994) and "the Other" by Simone De Beauvoir (1956), How it Happened (2013) is investigated in this study. These frameworks explicate the violation and suppression of women in terms of matrimonial affairs in the novel. The findings revealed that the elderly female characters mimic the patriarchal norms by extending them to the next level through matriarchy. It is found that the matriarchy by the elder female characters is authoritative, unchallenged and influential that even the male characters in the novel cannot interfere in the female jurisdiction in matrimonial decisions and verdicts. However, the analysis also revealed that there was sexism in terms of matrimonial choices in which male had the freedom to choose while the female had none. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women University, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Lecturer, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/investigating-matriarchal-mimicry-of-patriarchy-in-a-pakistani-novel https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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A Study of Awareness and Knowledge about Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis-A Genetic Disorder Tania Naveel Sidra Afzal Mahira Afzal Tree Man Syndrome Lewandowsky-Lutz Awareness Tree man syndrome is a rare inherited skin disorder, including persistent infection caused by human papillomavirus, as a result of which a defect in cell-mediated immunity takes place. This infection results in the growth of scaly macules and papules, mostly on the feet and hands. It is a lifelong disorder that can be treated in surgical and nonsurgical ways. A questionnaire or awareness-based study was conducted among the population of Karachi, Pakistan (both medical and non-medical). It was attended by 506 individuals. To raise the consciousness of this illness. The questions evaluated their knowledge of tree man illness, the possible consequences of the condition and the latest therapies. More than 80% of people were totally unaware of tree man disorder. Only 10% of people were aware or just heard about this disease. The awareness of Tree man syndrome was very low among the people. Steps should be taken to increase awareness about this rare but life-threatening disease. Humanity Publications MPHIL Scholar, Department of Pharmacology, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. PHD Scholar, HITEC-IMS Medical College, Taxila Cantonment, Punjab, Pakistan. Communication Officer, United Nations World (WFP), Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/a-study-of-awareness-and-knowledge-about-epidermodysplasia-verruciformisa-genetic-disorder https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Investigating Learners' Perceptions about the Role of English Language Curriculum Set in Boosting Communicative Competence of the Students: The South Punjab Scenario Muhammad Ahsan Syed Waseem Azhar Seemab Shahid Nawaz Learners English Curriculum Boosting Communicative Competence EFL The purpose of this work was to investigate learners' perceptions about the role of the English language curriculum set in boosting the communicative competence of the students of South Punjab. The present research was planned to use a mixed method. Most of the students showed that the curriculum designed for L2 learners causes negative effects in the process of L2 learning as it does not satisfy the communicative needs of the students. To make sure the effective use of textbooks or curriculum for L2 learning, there are certain steps that English teachers and learners can take to make better use of the English curriculum to improve learners' communicative competence. To make sure better language learning through textbooks and other teaching materials, teachers must play a vital role in the selection of textbooks and helping material. English textbooks with good teaching/learning materials can encourage L2 learning, improve communicative competence and can persuade learners so that they can achieve understandable feedback from their teachers and feel attentiveness towards the target language through textbooks or curriculum. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Rahimyar Khan Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/investigating-learners-perceptions-about-the-role-of-english-language-curriculum-set-in-boosting-communicative-competence-of-the-students-the-south-pun https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Evolving Migration Trends from Afghanistan: Management and Honourable Repatriation of Afghan Refugees in Pakistan Waseem Ishaque Shabnam Gul Muhammad Faizan Asghar Social Media Afghan Refugees Management of Afghan Refugees Repatriation of Afghan Refugees Protracted Migration Crises Since 1979, Pakistan has been a key player in the management of Afghan refugees despite challenging economic and security conditions. The repatriation efforts in the past could not bring conclusive results as a significant population still live in Pakistan. The outbreak of COVID 19 has increased their vulnerability due to inadequate quarantine and health facilities. The positive political developments by way of new elections and a political settlement with the Taliban provide an opportunity for honourable repatriation of Afghan refugees. This article investigates the dilemma in the management of Afghan refugees in Pakistan and suggests a viable course of action for their honourable repatriation to Afghanistan. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, National University of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil, Peace & Counter Terrorism Studies, Minhaj University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/evolving-migration-trends-from-afghanistan-management-and-honourable-repatriation-of-afghan-refugees-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Modi's Strategic Concerns and China's Belt & Road Imitative (BRI): A Realist Perspective Shabnam Gul Muhammad Faizan Asghar Iram Naseer Ahmed India China. Strategic BRI Security This article provides a conceptual and theoretical framework to analyze motivations of China in BRI, which is conceived as a project of the 21st century for the revival of erstwhile Asian values, this paper is not a critique on BRI, but it securitizes India's concern whose policymakers consider that it can harm the strategic interest of India. This paper investigates why Indian policymakers have demonstrated reluctance to join BRI. Moreover, the study also explores the major reasons behind India's belligerent policy against BRI because they conceive it as a danger for their national sovereignty. Besides, this research has applied realist theory as an investigative tool to prove Indian concerns. As a whole, the paper analyses that how far the rivalry between both states can harm regional peace if they fail to find any suitable solution considering the BRI project. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Political Science, Department of International Relations, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Terrorism Analyst Course from RSIS, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, United Nations Protection of Civilians and Critical Infrastructures Course, CIPS, NUST Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of History, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Visiting Scholar, Arizona State University, USA. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/modis-strategic-concerns-and-chinas-belt-road-imitative-bri-a-realist-perspective https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Energy Crisis in Pakistan (2008-2018): Impact on Industrial Sector Muqarrab Akbar Anum Riaz Muhammad Tahir Hassan Pakistan; Energy Crisis Industrial Sector Economy Energy is considered the backbone of the economy of any state. Similarly, the economy of Pakistan is heavily dependent on energy. Pakistan is an agricultural country, and it earns foreign exchange by exporting agricultural commodities. However, Pakistan is facing an energy crisis due to multiple factors. This research will provide a historical analysis of the energy crisis in Pakistan. This energy crisis has affected the industrial sector and economic growth of Pakistan. This paper will highlight the different factors that have contributed to the rise of energy demand in the country. The dynamics that have caused the failure of successive governments in Pakistan to anticipate the constantly increasing demand for energy are also discussed in this research. The long hour's load shedding across the country has affected the lives of the common man in general and the industrial production in particular. This paper will also highlight the impact of the energy crisis on the economy and industrial sector of Pakistan. Humanity Publications Chairman, Department of Political Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Research Scholar, Department of Political Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/energy-crisis-in-pakistan-20082018-impact-on-industrial-sector https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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A Genre Based Study of Selected Dental Brochures in Pakistan Maryam Dua e Fatima Mamona Yasmin Khan Masroor Sibtain Brochures Dental Brochures Genre Analysis Bhatia's Model This research aims to find out how dental brochures in Pakistan are designed to advertise and sell dental products. Bhatia's (1993) model of sales promotion letters is used to analyze the structure of the selected dental brochures. This study is qualitative that focuses on the structure of the dental brochures in Pakistan. The purpose of this research was to find out if the dental brochure designers in Pakistan are following the defined moves of sales promotion letter. Hence, by applying Bhatia's (1993) model of sales promotion, the results showed that dental brochure designers in Pakistan focus on the communicative purposes defined by Bhatia. Moreover, after analyzing the structure, it is revealed that the dental brochures follow move 5 and move 2 more than other moves as move 5 is followed by almost all of the brochures while move 2 is followed by 83% of the brochures. However, move 3, Move 6, and Move 7 cannot be found in any brochure. This reveals the structural pattern of the dental brochures. Humanity Publications Research Scholar, Department of English, The Women University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, The Women University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor Department of English, Government Graduate College of Science, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/a-genre-based-study-of-selected-dental-brochures-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Science Curriculum Implementation in Educational Settings: A Case of Public Secondary Schools of Sukkur, Sindh Shazma Nandwani Amjad Ali Rind Masood Ahmed Dool Curriculum Implementation National Science Curriculum Curriculum Upgradation Pakistan Many reforms have been taking place in the development and implementation of education curriculum across the globe to uplift the standard of education. In 2006, the Government of Pakistan had revised the science curriculum of secondary grades after few decades to meet the challenges of modern times. The current study has adopted a quantitative approach it the descriptive research design was used. The data was collected through a questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was found to Cronbach alpha =0.723 which is reliable. The percentages, mean and standard deviation was calculated. The findings of the study revealed that the science curriculum could not be implemented properly due to the inclusion of extra topics in the science curriculum of secondary grade, time constraints and availability of laboratory equipment. This study recommends the syllabus should be condensed and extra topics from the syllabus must be removed. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, Iqra University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. MPhil Research Scholar, Department of Education, Sukkur IBA University, Sindh, Pakistan. MPhil Research Scholar, Department of Education, Sukkur IBA University, Sindh, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/science-curriculum-implementation-in-educational-settings-a-case-of-public-secondary-schools-of-sukkur-sindh https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Ethnic Fault Lines and the Case for The Creation of New Provinces in Pakistan: An Appraisal Azhar Mahmood Abbasi Muhammad Shoaib Malik Syed Hamid Mahmood Bukhari Ethnic Faultline Re-Demarcation Sub-Nationalism Re-Organization Pakistani Constitution Political Parties Ethnic Group New Provinces Politics of Identity Multiculturalism This article seeks to analyze the discourse around the creation of new provinces in Pakistan. The demand for carving out new federating units is a popular and long-standing proposal in some areas of the country with a long history of ethnic sub-nationalism fuelled by the real and imagined sense of political alienation and economic deprivation. This demand has been raised from time to time based on the distribution of national resources, and on ethnic grounds, and sometimes on the basis of socio-economic backwardness of the relevant areas. The demand for a 'Saraiki Province', 'Bahawalpur Province', 'Hazara Province are some major cases. This case study will focus on the different factors, including, most importantly, the constitutional setup and role of different political parties of Pakistan in the making of new provinces. The Following three basic questions are the major concerns of the rigorous academic endeavour taken up in the paper. First, what has been the basis of demands for the creation of new provinces in Pakistan? Second, what are the main hurdles in making new provinces in Pakistan and what urged the re-demarcation of state in Pakistan? Third, what has been the stance of various political Parties about the creation of new provinces in Pakistan? Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages, (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages, (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages, (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/ethnic-fault-lines-and-the-case-for-the-creation-of-new-provinces-in-pakistan-an-appraisal https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Prominence of Social Stigmas and Hierarchies in Folk Theatre Artists' Conscience Amna Aziz Iqra Khadam Social Stigmas Hierarchies Hegemonic Supremacy Psychoanalysis Artists Conscience This article probes into an exploration of Social stigmas and hierarchies in Saeed's Forgotten Faces that result in the detachment of an artist in society. The colonial rule of society proposed a new value to this research which mainly focuses on discrimination which leads towards the demise of folk theatre and its artists. Demise is the outcome of psychological discrepancies that come their way. This hegemonic supremacy of societal rules compels them to not have their own discourse and their desired way of spending life. They cannot keep their personal lives private. Being in this profession, artists sacrifice many things that a person from another profession can't dare to think so. In the finale, the present study contextualizes within the boarder of Freud's theory of personality and social-cognitive approaches to unravel reality. The article results that you lose your soul first and lose your mind at last, which is the final destruction of the artist life: social hierarchies and the stigma of being bad to prove turmoil for artists by destroying their mental peace. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/prominence-of-social-stigmas-and-hierarchies-in-folk-theatre-artists-conscience https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).20 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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An Analytical Study on HR Practices in the Public Sector Universities of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Faheem Ghaznafar Ghulam Nabi Quratul Ain HR Practices Employee Commitment Employee Perceived Performance AMO Theory Social Exchange Theory The primary focus of this paper was to analyze the impact of performance evaluation, compensation and promotion on perceived employee performance. Primary data collection was collected from 214 employees serving in various universities of AJK. Data were analyzed through correlation and regression by running SPSS software. Results revealed that all selected HR practices were positively related to employee perceived performance and employee commitment. Employee commitment has also been tested as the mediator between HR practices and employee perceived performance. As per reference (Barren and Kenney, 1986), partial mediation of employee commitment was found between the HR practices and employee perceived performance. The study indicates that if an organization wishes its workforce to be committed to it and wants to enhance its performance, it needs to address its HR practices. Investment in HR practices is undoubtedly the right investment to enhance the commitment and to boost the performance of the employees. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of Public Administration, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJ&K), Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJ&K), Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Public Administration, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJ&K), Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/an-analytical-study-on-hr-practices-in-the-public-sector-universities-of-azad-jammu-and-kashmir https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).21 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Sexual and Self-Objectification: A Feminist Analysis of Selected Pakistani Short Stories in English Sajid Ali Shabana Iqbal Maleeha Akhtar Mulghani Feminism Pakistani Literature Patriarchy Self-Objectification Sexual-Objectification This study aims to explore the problems of sexual and self-objectification in selected short stories of Pakistani female writers writing in English. The study focuses on Talat Abbasi's Simple Questions, Bina Shah's The Wedding of Sundari, Shaila Abdullah's Moment of Reckoning, Qaisara Shahraz's A Pair of Jeans, Zaib-un-Nissa Hamidullah's The Bull and the She-Devil. The study uses the theoretical framework of Fredrickson and Roberts' sexual objectification. Sexual and self-objectification is very significant and a different issue faced by the women in the patriarchal society. This study argues that women are not only sexually abused in society and treated like useless objects, but also they internalize this attitude of society and behave as the patriarchal society expects from them. This behaviour of women helps the patriarchal society to further marginalize and victimize them. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor of English, Higher Education Department, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of English, Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of English, Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/sexual-and-selfobjectification-a-feminist-analysis-of-selected-pakistani-short-stories-in-english https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).22 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Bureaucratic Leadership Style and Teachers' Professionalism: A Case Study of Public Sector Universities Umair Arshad Obaid Ullah Uzma Malik Bureaucratic Leadership Professionalism Legal-Rational Interrelated Ordinal Regression This research aims at examining the role of bureaucratic leadership style on teachers' professionalism in public sector universities and the difference between bureaucracy and professionalism, with a special reference to legal-rational authority. A validated self-structured closed-ended questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale was designed for data collection from a sample of 40 teachers of Public Sector Universities. An Ordinal Regression Analysis (ORA) was used to analyze the data. The findings of the study show no significant difference between the role of bureaucratic leadership and teachers' professionalism in university as they are interrelated, having a direct link of professionalism with individuals' approaches, behaviors and performance. The results also revealed that the Bureaucratic Leadership style is a more suitable style that enables individuals to work with more dedication and honesty. Bureaucratic leadership is more effective than many others styles of leadership. Hence, the study recommends that it is practised that every style of leadership is not suitable for every organization or institution so, leaders must be competent enough to use the best style according to the situation. Humanity Publications Former Research Scholar, Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/bureaucratic-leadership-style-and-teachers-professionalism-a-case-study-of-public-sector-universities https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).23 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Louise Erdrich's Portrayal of Spatial Predicament of Pregnant Bodies in Tracks Fasih ur Rehman Gohar Munir Mukhi Qamar Sumaira Erdrich Native American Body Out of Placeness Place Pregnancy Space The present study aims to revisit Native American woman's experience of out of placeness due to her pregnancy in Louise Erdrich's Tracks. The study argues that the protagonist experiences spatial identity crisis within the socio-spatial paradigms. The present work reread the novel through the theoretical formulations of Tim Cresswell and Iris Marian Young. The notion of out of placeness is constituted upon the premise that an individual's failure to develop belongingness to a particular space and place is caused by multiple factors. Pregnancy, as Young asserts, destabilizes an individual's idea of a 'subject'. With these theoretical underpinnings, that study maintains that the protagonist of the novel experiences out of placeness and develops a fractured spatial identity in the novel. Humanity Publications Lecturer in English, Khushal Khan Khattak University Karak, KP, Pakistan. MS in English, Department of English, The National College of Business Administration and Economics, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer in English, Department of English, Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/louise-erdrichs-portrayal-of-spatial-predicament-of-pregnant-bodies-in-tracks https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).24 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Current Situation and Administrative Measures taken by Principals of Special Education Centers in Punjab Sumaira Munawar Khadija Sittar Waqas Qamar Current Situations Administrative Practices It is consenting fact up to believe the magnitude regarding instruction for each man or woman then nation cannot keep denied and its charge will increase salvo, particularly there is a count number about impairments yet disabilities. This study was aimed to find out the current situation and administrative measures by special school principals. The study was quantitative in nature, and a survey method was used for data collection. A self-compiled questionnaire was used for data collection. The sample of the study consisted of 31 principals in special education centers in Punjab. Descriptive statistics Mean and Standard Deviation was used to analyze the data. The findings of the study revealed that most principals were strongly agreed to adopted different strategies in special education centers. So the study was recommended that administering requisite check moment off energy for gain the guarantee of accessory Principals look over the growth of their further such as lodgings or unnoticed advance. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Lahore Leads University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Lahore Leads University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lahore Leads University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/current-situation-and-administrative-measures-taken-by-principals-of-special-education-centers-in-punjab https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).26 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Teachers' Perceptions about the Implementation of Activity Based Teaching at Primary School Level in Punjab, Pakistan Fozia Parveen Irem Mushtaq Implementation Activity-Based Teaching Efficient Learning Experiences Pedagogical Approaches to Teaching The activity-based teaching method is a technique adopted by a teacher to emphasize his/her method of teaching through activity. The key purpose of this study was to explore the teachers' perceptions about the implementation of activity-based teaching at the primary school level in Punjab, Pakistan. This study was quantitative and descriptive in nature. The sample consisted of 800 teachers from 200 schools through a multi-stage random sampling technique. The questionnaire was used on a five-point Likert scale for data collection. Inferential statistical analysis techniques such as frequency, percentage, mean scores, standard deviation and independentsample t-test were used for data analysis. The results of the study illustrated that activity-based teaching had a positive effect on students' achievement. It is concluded that female teachers were more agreed about the implementation of teaching-learning strategies in activitybased teaching as compared to male teachers. It was recommended that workshops and seminars should be organized for the training and re-training of teachers on using activity-based teaching methods in primary classes. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/teachers-perceptions-about-the-implementation-of-activity-based-teaching-at-primary-school-level-in-punjab-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).27 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Analysis of Urban Transport in Peshawar for User-Friendliness Shahid Mansoor Khan Adnan Anwar Hamid Zulfiqar Urban Transport Peshawar BRT This survey-based study was aimed to examine and evaluate the level of accessibility and security at the BRT stations in Peshawar. The study focused on female passengers of all ages. Only three stations were selected for the study, and the number of respondents at each station was kept up to 50. A questionnaire comprised of only eight questions was designed for this purpose. Respondents had three choices in their responses. Data obtained through the questionnaire revealed that a majority of the respondents were satisfied with the arrangements made at all three stations, although there was a clear difference between the figures obtained at different stations. The study suggests additional provisions at elevated and underground stations for disabled women. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, University of Engineering and Technology, Abbottabad Campus, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of Conservation Studies, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/analysis-of-urban-transport-in-peshawar-for-userfriendliness https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).28 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Problems and Prospects of Decentralization in Pakistan: A Study of Musharraf Devolution Plan Sanaullah Tasneem Sarwat Hina Rehman Local Government Musharraf Devolution Plan Representatives Pakistan has had a long history devolution plan since independence. However, every local government has been masterminded and implemented by the military dictator. Musharraf, after taking over the affairs of the government, introduced a system of local selfgovernment whose elections were to be held on a non-party basis. Although this was one good initiative as the system transferred powers to the gross root level by empowering the local population, tried to ensure the financial autonomy of the local government institutions, and provided for the civilian supremacy of the elected representatives over the more powerful bureaucracy. However, despite all these good points, the system came under hot criticism for many of the loopholes that the authorities filed to address. Perhaps, the most important was the election on a non-party basis. Furthermore, a continuous tussle between the elected representative and district administration hampered the smooth running of the affairs of the district. What this paper concludes is that there is plenty of room for improvement in the system. Humanity Publications Demonstrator, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Visiting Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Lecture in Pakistan Studies, Government Girls Degree College, TimerGara, Lower Dir, KP, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/problems-and-prospects-of-decentralization-in-pakistan-a-study-of-musharraf-devolution-plan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).29 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Factors Affecting the Intentions to use Islamic Banking among Christian Community in Pakistan Muhammad Ishtiaq Muhammad Ali Asif Muhammad Haris Aziz Islamic Banking Christian Community Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior Islamic banking is not only a worldwide evolving phenomenon but also it is booming day by day in Pakistan. Slight research is directed to study the intentions from the perspectives of Christian personnel for the usage of Islamic banks' products and services in Pakistan. The current paper intends to address the research gap in the literature by discovering the perceptions of Christian clients to gain insights so that Islamic banks may target them also. Consequently, the focus of this research is to assess various influencing on the intentions of the Christian community in Pakistan towards Islamic banking. Primary data has been collected through 400 questionnaires distributed amongst Christian community residents of Punjab, Pakistan. The research is limited to only one religion Christianity, while bank employees and management is not touched. Decomposed theory of planned behavior is applied in our study and contributes that all independent variables have a significant impact on intention except religious norms, relative advantage, and self-efficacy Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Lyallpur Business School, Government College University, Faisalabad. Punjab, Pakistan MS Scholar, Lyallpur Business School, Government College University, Faisalabad. Punjab, Pakistan MS Scholar, Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad. Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/factors-affecting-the-intentions-to-use-islamic-banking-among-christian-community-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).30 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Female Employment and Reduction in Family Size in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Muhammad Jawad Saima Sarir Syed Zuhaib Aziz Women Employment Family Size Fertility Family Responsibility Marriage Age This study examines the association between female employment and small family size trends. This study based on primary data follows a cross-sectional study design. The study's data were collected from 384 respondents of District Peshawar's six communities through a comprehensive per-tested questionnaire/interview schedule, the association between the study variables was obtained through the application of chi-square test statistics. The association between the variables depicted that women are moving towards the labor force due to inflation, which has empowered them to decide the family size, marry late and adopt a small female size. Furthermore, the labor force participation has pushed females to concentrate more on careers than the large family size, which gives them little time to take care of family, especially the larger one; consequently, they opt for small family size. The study provides a sociological insight to those concerned with the field of demography Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Rural Sociology, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Rural Sociology, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan Ph. D. Department of Sociology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/female-employment-and-reduction-in-family-size-in-khyber-pakhtunkhwa https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).31 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Editorial Treatment of Arab-Israeli Relations in American Press Sumaira Yasmeen Ashraf Iqbal Noshaba Nargis Arab- Israel Relations Newspapers Content Analysis Arab- Israel Conflicts Israel Recognition This descriptive research examined how attention paid to Arab- Israel relations news editorials in newspapers. To explore the state of Arab- Israel relations, editorials in newspapers content analysis has been conducted. Two theories were utilized: agenda-setting theory and framing theory in mixed-method research. By selecting three newspapers, 320 editorials related to Arab- Israel relations were obtained in six months from 15 Nov, 2020 to 15 May 2021 through purpose sampling. The findings of the study concluded that mostly editorials discussed the topics of Arab- Israel conflict/crisis and Israel's recent recognition by Arab states, which are highly reported in this time period. Most editorials were in positive/favorable, negative/unfavorable, and neutral directions, respectively. Two-thirds of the editorials discussed the nonscientific evidence. USA press (The Washington Post) have more tendency to present and focus the Arab-Israel relations-related editorials in positive/favorable direction content as compared to other newspapers. Humanity Publications M.Phil Scholar, Department of Mass Communication, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan In charge/Assistant Professor, Department of Mass Communication, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan Lecturer, Department of Mass Communication, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/editorial-treatment-of-arabisraeli-relations-in-american-press https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).32 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Rights of Accused at Trial Stage: An Analytical Study of Intentional Rules and Legal System of Pakistan Amjad Hussain Muhammad Naeem Khadim Latiba Khanam Rights Rights of Accused Human Rights Trial Fair Trial International Legal Rules Legal System of Pakistan The effectiveness of decisions is based on the quality of trials. In this respect, the role of courts, prosecution, and lawyers is very important to make the fair trial a reality, and there is also a need for a society that respects the governance of law. Each individual has the right to a fair trial in all kinds of cases. A fair trial is not a mere right rather;, it is a bundle of rights. A free, independent,capable, unprejudiced judiciary is important for safeguarding rights available to any accused on trial stage. This study opens a discussion about the rights of the accused, provided by the international legal rules and legal system by Pakistan, at the trial stage. The study explains the fair trial and related rights in the light of different International documents. It also highlights any gap with respect to the rights of the accused that has to be filled in the legal system of Pakistan. A theoretical and comparative approach has been adopted to conclude the study. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan LLM, Advocate High Court, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Visiting Lecturer, Department of Law, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/rights-of-accused-at-trial-stage-an-analytical-study-of-intentional-rules-and-legal-system-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).33 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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'Becoming' and 'Belonging': The Ambivalent Space of Hybrid Identity in Qurratulain Hyder's River of Fire Kalsoom Saddique Arshad Nawaz Farwa Zahoor Postcolonialism Hybridity Ambivalence Homi k. Bhabha This research paper explores the role of ambivalent space of hybrid identity and the 'longing' and 'belonging' in the lives of major characters of River of Fire by Qurratulain Hyder to attain a positive vision towards life. In addition, the research tends to perceive the ways by which major characters in the different eras get insight to bridge the 'longing' and 'belonging' by standing in a liminal place.Thus, the study explores the role of subjective liminality in a person's life that induces a new perceptive socio cultural vision in the lives of Hyder's characters. This research uses postcolonial theory as a lens to examine the circumstances that compel the characters towards slip page without regarding their social status and hierarchy. Furthermore, according to Homi k. Bhabha, the term ‘belonging’ represents the cultural history of a nation that always remains in flux because of the ‘longing’ or desires of its individuals of sharing their objectives with other nations in new places to make harmony with new people and circumstances. River of Fire tends to combine a syn chronic and diachronic approach to show that cultural hybridity always orientates the social, economic, and cultural tenets of the characters idiosyncratic ambivalence Humanity Publications Mphil English Literature University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Government College University Faisalabad, Sub-Campus Hafizabad, Punjab, Pakistan Master Trainer in Punjab Education Foundation Punjab, Pakistan 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/becoming-and-belonging-the-ambivalent-space-of-hybrid-identity-in-qurratulain-hyders-river-of-fire https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).34 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Attitude of Media Study Students towards Suicide Attacks Irem Sultana Ifra Iftikhar Rao Shahid Mahmood Media Study Students Suicide Attacks Pakistan Islam Jihad This study attempts to investigate the attitudes towards suicide bombings among undergraduate university students in Pakistan. It is a descriptive and exploratory study based on surveys and in-depth interviews. The sample of the study was 52 respondents from a middle class, and upper-middle-class backgrounds enrolled inexpensive private institutes in Lahore. The study found that most undergraduate university students in Pakistan do not condone suicide bombings under any circumstances. The in-depth interviews revealed that young students understand and accept that it is impermissible (haram) in Islam. However, it is found that the use of appealing Islamic terminology of "martyrdom" and "jihad" by the militant organizations and the misrepresentation of "suicide attacks" as "martyrdom operations" has to some extent been effective in influencing even the young minds who are not by any means in their orbit. Moreover, this also demonstrates the inability of the Muslim world in countering the misuse of emotional Islamic appeals of jihad and martyrdom there by allowing such acts to be portrayed as legitimate and sanctioned by Islamic law and, in doing so, damaging the overall image and understanding of Islam in the eyes of Muslims and non-Muslims alike. It is, therefore, recommended that the Muslim world actively challenge the misrepresentation of suicide attacks as a permissible exercise of jihad and prevent the distortion and confusion of religious teachings Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan Associate Professor, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Media Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-attitude-of-media-study-students-towards-suicide-attacks https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).35 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Effects of Working Conditions of Media Organizations on Health of Their Employees Saadia Anwar Pasha Humaira Sharif Media Employees ILO Working Conditions Job Satisfaction Health Issues This study explores the work environment of media organizations in Pakistan compared to international standards under the set rules of the International Labor Organization and its implementation level in large- and small-scale media organizations. The study explored the relationship of job satisfaction of media employees with facilities provided to them at their workplace, their health issues,and awareness level of ILO safety standards at work environment considering their gender, age, education, experience, job status, and job position. Two hundred fifty-four respondents submitted their responses. The results showed that most media employees were not aware of their rights, and there was no concept of occupational safety in a third-world country like Pakistan, where the unemployment rate is high.Salary and perks are a prime concern to fulfill the requirements of their families and ignore their health. The media industry's work environment standards in Pakistan are far behind the international world, especially in developed countries. This study finds out that the majority of employees were not aware of their rights, and ILO safety standards were not followed. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Mass Communication, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Sub Editor, Associated Press of Pakistan 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/effects-of-working-conditions-of-media-organizations-on-health-of-their-employees https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).36 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Role of Bacha Khan in Educating the Pakhtoon Society Brekhna Gul Younas Khan Sana Pervez Pakhtoon's Bacha Khan Madrassa Struggle Education Charsadda History has rarely recorded such leaders who raised their nation from the darkness of ignorance to the light of glory. BachaKhan (Abdul Ghaffar Khan) was one of them. When the society was under the powers of lords, he gave the lesson of equality, blowing new life in the dead society.It was his struggle, his tiresome efforts, his tolerance, the devotion that he uplifted his people from serving their lords to become a respectable, educated nation. He dedicated his entire life to the service of the Pashtun nation and strongly believed that if any change had to come, it would come only through education. For this purpose, he established in various parts of the province where teachers used to teach on voluntary bases. This study highlights the hardships faced by Bacha Khan in promoting education among the pakhtoons and his struggle for the awakening of pakhtoon society. Humanity Publications Lecturer in Political Science, University College for Women, AWKUM, KP, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, Islamia College University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan Lecturer in Pakistan Studies, University College for Women, AWKUM, KP, Pakistan 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/role-of-bacha-khan-in-educating-the-pakhtoon-society https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).37 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Image of Islam and Pakistan after 9/11: Critical Discourse Analysis of Pakistani Urdu and English Newspapers Muhammad Ahsan Zahoor Hussain Mohammad Arshad Ideology Islam Pakistan Newspapers Nawa-i-Waqat Dawn The study examines the image of Islam and Pakistan post 9/11 scenario documented in Pakistani Urdu and English newspapers. Results are deduced by analyzing headlines while applying the CDA model projected by Fairclough (1989, 1995) with respect to vocabulary items, viewpoints, and newspapers' ideologies. The results from the study indicated that these two newspapers heavily rely on some selected lexical items to manipulate and control the belief system of the masses. It was shown from the data that Nawa-i Waqat, an Urdu newspaper, fervently utilized figurative language to influence the perception of its readers. It is seen from the analyzed data that the selection of words made by Urdu newspaper is mainly based on prejudice toward certain prominent social figures, politicians, and even toward world-renowned political figures and events. The collected data from the two newspapers and their critical discourse analysis indicated that daily 'Nawa-i-Waqt' gave abundant, sentimental coverage to the issues concerned. On the other hand, the daily 'Dawn' newspaper gave little but positive coverage to the issues of that time. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Bahaudin Zakariya University, Layya Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. Daanish School, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/image-of-islam-and-pakistan-after-911-critical-discourse-analysis-of-pakistani-urdu-and-english-newspapers https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Social Media and Family Integration: Perception of College Students of Faisalabad Ashraf Iqbal Raheela Firdous Tanveer Hussain Family Relationships Unity Social Media Communication Cohesion This study explores to what extent social media play's role in family relationships, Results indicate that "Social media is positively predicting communication between family members with a coefficient of .320 and the dependent variables. "People prefer spending more time on social media than with family", as (55.5%) agreed and (18.5%) are strongly agreed. This study suggests social media can prove to be a useful source of family integration. Family members who do not have enough time to communicate due to their hectic schedule or not present at home, Social media can be a medium of communication for them as (62.5%) respondents agreed and (13%) strongly agreed that Social media play a vital role for a stay in touch with each other. People post wishes on Social media; it can show good gesture and love for each other. Humanity Publications In-charge, Department of Mass Communication, GCU Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of Mass Communication, GCU Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, School of Media and Communication Studies, UMT Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/social-media-and-family-integration-perception-of-college-students-of-faisalabad https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Transgressing Hopi Gender Roles: A Spatial Study of Polingaysi Qoyawayma's No Turning Back Fasih ur Rehman Kanza Umer Khan Ali Usman Saleem Economic Space Gender Roles Hopi Culture Native American Woman Spatiality Transgression Native American cultures are constituted upon the gendered division of labor. The economic spaces are constructed upon gender roles that allocate specific roles to Native American men and women. The subsequent socio-economic patterns allocate spatially marginalized positions to the Native American woman in comparison with men. The present study explores Native American woman's transgression of traditional economic spaces of Native Americans in Polingaysi Qoyawayma's No Turning Back. This study employs Doreen Massey's theoretical formulation of economic space to understand the protagonist's transgression of Hopi gender roles. This study maintains that the protagonist of the novel subverts conventional Hopi division of labor by adopting subversive gender roles. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, Khushal Khan Khattak University, Karak, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/transgressing-hopi-gender-roles-a-spatial-study-of-polingaysi-qoyawaymas-no-turning-back https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Child Labor in Karachi: Situation and Realities Behind Increased Number of Working Children Stephen John Sadaf Khan Pervaiz Ali Mahesar Child-Labour Karachi Predicators & Increased numbers The number of working children in Karachi is increasing day by day, and the objective of this research study was to highlight the situation and explore the reasons behind it. For this purpose, using sequential exploratory research design, data was collected from working children and parents of some of the children and was analyzed using SPSS. It is concluded that parents and their children have a wish for education but because of the cost of education and other reasons are unable. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of Education, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Department of Business Administration, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Political Science, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/child-labor-in-karachi-situation-and-realities-behind-increased-number-of-working-children https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Assessing the Relationship between Perceived Social Support and Depression in Elderly: A Predictive Study Umara Rauf Uzma Sarwar Rafit Saheed Perceived Social Support Depression Middle and Older Adults The purpose of this research is to investigate the association of perceived social support (PSS) and depression in middle and older aged people. A random sample of 126 elderly persons, age between 40 years to 75 years, were selected from different areas of Karachi. A demographic data sheet was administered along with study scales. To explore the relationship, correlation coefficient and linear regression were applied. Findings revealed a significant negative relationship between perceived social support and depression (p<.000) in middle and older-aged adults and in male and female middle and older-aged adults, respectively. Further, the analysis revealed that PSS has the potential to bring .09%, .10%, and .06% change in depression among the whole sample and among elderly males and females. Provision and utilization of adequate support systems for the elderly can be beneficial in treating emotional problems and enhance the well-being of this population. Humanity Publications Department of Psychology, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. Department of Psychology, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. School of Public Policy, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/assessing-the-relationship-between-perceived-social-support-and-depression-in-elderly-a-predictive-study https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Kashmiri Crafts - A Fascination for Tourists Junaid Bashir Anas Mahmud Arif Owais Khan Art & Craft Kashmiri Craftsmanship Prevailing Culture Ruling Kashmir Tradition Intangible Heritage Traditional Crafts Sustainable Development Kashmir has different brightening prestigious expressions and specialities which have been famous for quite a long time for their fine work and magnificence. To be sure, Kashmiri speciality items are unbelievable. Artwork is the primary wellspring of pay for the Kashmiris. Speciality work or essentially make is a kind of embellished work hand made utilizing just basic apparatuses. Things made by large-scale manufacturing or using machines are not handiwork items. The Kashmiri specialists are consistently alive to the beautiful encompassing. It communicates a reaction to the excellence around the formation of an enormous assortment of pursuing or decorating flower themes interlaced into multifaceted examples. The art items are promoted in Asia as well as in European countries. This article is to portray the significance of Kashmiri craftsmanship and artworks from hundreds of years. It additionally portrays how Kashmiris are imaginatively and customarily associated with their conventional artwork. The center on the traditional heritage is built on neighborhood uniqueness on the one hand and social tourism on the other. Kashmir could be a visitor range and can win significant income from yearly visits, although the majority of tourists head for the greatly attractive coast during the summer and winter. In Kashmir, with its freezing winter when atmospheric conditions are semi-arctic, the artisans use their time at home as inventive knowledge in making art crafts of stunning excellence. Regal support empowered these painstaking works from early occasions till these items, light in weight and wealthy in workmanship, found attraction and magnetism for tourists, locals, and abroad. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Tourism & Hospitality, Foundation University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Tourism & Hospitality, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Graduate, Department of Archaeology, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/kashmiri-crafts-a-fascination-for-tourists https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Commercial Activity: Intera-Regional Trade & Commerce between Sind and Multan in Colonial period (1849-1901) Abida Kausar Chuadhary Intera-Regional Trade Sindh Multan Colonial Period Commerce This research deals with the trade relations between two major towns of Karachi and Multan in the colonial period. The aim of this article is to develop a general narrative of the commercialization of crops that led to the growth of intra-regional trade and economy-addressing the issues of how these two centers contributed to the new economic development of South Asia as well as marinating their historical trade relations? Tracing the journey of agricultural production from the village mandis to the international markets, we examine the commercial network and the nature of the interaction. It will also saw the increasing and decreasing trends of trade in the following years. The research aims to draw a conclusion by using qualitative and quantitative methods for assessing its historical importance and analyze these towns as case studies. Karachi and Multan have been the two most populous and largest economies in South Asia. Being the prominent constituents of colonial India, both have a great potential for intra-regional commerce through three channels of rail, road and ports. This research is based on original, unpublished official administrative reports of British Indian Library London and Punjab Civil Secretariat Lahore. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies & History, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/commercial-activity-interaregional-trade-commerce-between-sind-and-multan-in-colonial-period-18491901 https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Mass Media as a Source of Agricultural Information: An Overview of Literature Pervaiz Akhter Tanveer Hussain Hafiz Bilal Ahsan Mass Media Agricultural Information Adoption of Innovation Farmers This research paper provides a systematic review of published research work by different research scholars regarding the role of communication channels in disseminating agricultural information and the diffusion of agricultural innovations among agriculturists. Findings of review are summarized with the help of reviewing methodology, major findings and implications of earlier published researches. The review depicts that there are significant variations in findings of the relevant researches some certain reasons like geographical, methodological and theoretical perspectives. It is hard to draw any specific conclusion about the role of a different communication channel in the agriculture sector. However, the review has revealed that the different channels of communication have a different role regarding the dissemination of agricultural information and diffusion of innovations amongst farmers. Humanity Publications Faculty of Media and Communication Studies, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, School of Media and Communication Studies, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Program Producer, School of Media and Communication Studies, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/mass-media-as-a-source-of-agricultural-information-an-overview-of-literature https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Hybrid Warfare Strategy of India: Impacts on Pakistan Nasreen Akhtar Inamullah Jan Sumaira Akram Hybrid Warfare Strategy Global Security Environment Pakistan India's Hybrid Warfare Regional and Extional Actorsra-Reg Hybrid warfare is a multi-faceted military strategy, an amalgam of conventional, irregular, and cyber warfare where technology adds exuberant intensification in the methods of hybridity to achieve political goals. The objective of this study is to conceptualize hybrid warfare, analyze India's hybrid warfare against Pakistan and suggest a counter-response to neutralize the hybrid forces working against Pakistan's stability and sovereignty. This study endeavors to develop a vantage point to understand the concept of hybrid warfare and its projection on Pakistan at internal and external fronts. This research analyzes data through qualitative methods and finds the related concepts and methods through content analysis and interpretative methodology. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Politics and IR, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Politics and IR, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. Independent Researcher 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/hybrid-warfare-strategy-of-india-impacts-on-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Situating Women in Trauma of War: An Analysis of Baghdad Burning: A Blog from an Iraqi Woman Qurat ul Ain Saima Anwar Shumaila Rafiq Fundamentalism Unlashed Media Traumatic Experiences The paper deals with situating women in war trauma in Baghdad Burning Volume 2, a girl's blog from Iraq. In the current study, the researcher attempts to reveal the rising of fundamentalism in Iraq after the war. The objective of this study is to safeguard the rights and honour of women after traumatic experiences. The study explores whether the unlashed media is doing its duties truthfully or it dishonestly manipulates the facts about the Iraqi women's traumatic experiences. The paper exposes the reason behind the hiding of the true identity of the author, pseudo-named Riverbend. The framework for the study has been taken from an article "A Conceptual Framework for the Impact of Traumatic Experiences", written by Eve B Carlson and the co-author Constance Dalenberg. The study unfolds the reality that a traumatic event becomes a nightmare, especially for a woman, and a series of flashbacks to the same traumatic experience becomes recurrent. The paper concludes the living standards, disparities and situation of women in contemporary war-stricken Iraq. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of History and Pakistan Studies, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Political Science & International Relations, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/situating-women-in-trauma-of-war-an-analysis-of-baghdad-burning-a-blog-from-an-iraqi-woman https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Ethno-Nationalism: Theories and the Dynamics of the Demand for the New Federating Units Muhammad Shoaib Malik Azhar Mahmood Abbasi Umair Arshad Ethno-Nationalism Sub-Nationalism Primordialism Language Constructivism Religion Instrumentalism Re-demarcation and Re-organization Ethnicity has been not only the source of diversity but also social and political tensions across the globe. The socio-economic and political alienation and sense of deprivation trigger ethnonationalism that manifests itself into different forms and manifestations ranging from armed struggles to political movements. The failure to establish a vibrant and pluralist society with social and economic justice at its heart paves the way for ethnic strife that attracts different responses and reactions from the states faced with the ethnic conflict. Based on the qualitative research methods, this scholarly endeavor seeks to dissect the dynamics and drivers of ethnic-nationalism and how the countries like India, Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Switzerland, the Philippines and South Africa have tried to address the problem. Further, it analyses the different theoretical approaches, notably primordialism, constructivism, instrumentalist, language and power, religion, race and culture have been employed by the countries to tackle the non-traditional threat posed by ethnonationalism. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Language (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Language (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan. MPhil. Scholar, Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/ethnonationalism-theories-and-the-dynamics-of-the-demand-for-the-new-federating-units https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Comparative Study of Students' Perceptions about Career Options in Art & Design Gouhar Pirzada Fariha Gul Muhammad Abdullah Mahmood Career Choices Employment Opportunities Art & Design Students Pakistan Art & Design Study This research aims to examine secondary and higher secondary students' perceptions about career options related to Art & Design studies. A comparative study approach is conducted between the secondary and higher secondary students who opted for Art & Design and the prospective students of Art & Design. Each data set includes 200 respondents from both types of students, making a data set of 400 respondents. Based on constructionism and symbolic, philosophical assumptions, quantitative research methodology has been induced to complete this research. The data is gathered through structured telephonic interviews to analyze the responses. For this research, a checklist was designed that included the same type of questions from both types of students. The results show that the students, specifically in the context of Pakistan, look forward to being employed in a lavish environment through seeking professional degrees apart from whether the field they are choosing would win their interest. This study recommends researching the institutes where Art & design is not a part of the educational programs to transmit the attention of authorities towards it. Humanity Publications CEO, STEP Institute of Arts, Design and Management, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Institute of Administrative Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/a-comparative-study-of-students-perceptions-about-career-options-in-art-design https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Socio-Economic Dimensions of China Pakistan Economic Corridor and Indian Reservations Muhammad Shoaib Noor Jehan Qamar uz Zaman CPEC South Asia Socio-Economic Development Regional Integration China Pakistan Economic Corridor is a receptacle of territorial connectivity focusing on the significance of the geo strategic location of Pakistan. Pakistan and China have embarked on their best to implement the project to be triumphant in the concatenation of South Asia. The main bureaus that it encompasses are an integrated conveyance and I.T. network entailing Rail, Road, and data transmission channels, energy complicity, agrarian enhancement, social and economic progress, tourism alliance, financial and human resource integration. The corridor had some complications while implementation, but it has substantiated to be a game-changer program.This study assists in assessing the momentum amassed by Pakistan and China in South Asia while elaborating the beneficiaries of the CPEC and the potential threats faced by the political adversaries of Pakistan, especially India, on the triumphant facets bestowed by CPEC. The research will entangle the analysis of the short and long-term prospects of CPEC. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Shandong University, China. Visiting faculty member, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan College of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/socioeconomic-dimensions-of-china-pakistan-economic-corridor-and-indian-reservations https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Ruling Elites and Rational Democracy: An Analysis of Political System of Pakistan (1947-1993) Muhammad Ikramullah Khan Muhammad Shafiq Alia Tasleem Politics Ruling Elites Inclusive Ideology Civilians Military Regimes This descriptive and analytical study aims to explore the ideology of ruling elites in Pakistan. Throughout the political and constitutional history of Pakistan, the governments, whether civilian or military, seem reluctant to politically mobilize the masses. The evolution of rational-democratic development in the country was tempered with undemocratic forces. Governing elite's lofty claims for the democratic and stable state are not fully materialized. This article highlights the reasons behind the reluctance of ruling elites to promote a rational democratic culture. The apparent reason is the lack of parliamentary culture in Pakistan. The representatives are elected by the people to present their demands in parliament. All policies, whether internal or external, should be originated within the parliament.Thus, the role of parliament is very important to introduce and promote the culture of rational, inclusive ideology. The governing elites,particularly the military regimes, introduced democratic reforms just to get political support for seemingly democratic legitimacy. The article investigates the causes of political instability and the patronage of political culture. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (IUB), Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (IUB), Punjab, Pakistan PhD Scholar, Department of Pakistan Studies, Bahauddin Zakariya University (BZU) Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/ruling-elites-and-rational-democracy-an-analysis-of-political-system-of-pakistan-19471993 https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Exploring the Influence of Anxiety on the Use of Language Learning Strategies: A Study at Intermediate Level in Bahawalpur Abdul Khaliq Rasheed Ahmad Noor ul Ain Cognitive Metacognitive Compensation Test Anxiety and Fear of Negative Evaluation The objectives of the current study were to examine the overall language learning strategies used by Pakistani intermediate level students, to discover the difference of anxiety level, difference of LLS use of the participants and to find out the interaction of anxiety on the use of LLS. 391 students of intermediate level belonging to Bahawalpur (Pakistan) were the participants of the study. The data collection instruments included Strategy Inventory for language learning (SILL) (Oxford, 1990) and Foreign Language Class Room Anxiety scale (FLCAS) (Horwitz et al. 1986). The reliability of the two instruments was measured via Chronbach's Alpha. Collected data were analyzed through SPSS by applying concerned tests to manage results. Findings reveal a significant influence of anxiety on the use of language learning strategies by intermediate level students of Bahawalpur. Test anxiety, Communication anxiety, and fear of negative evaluation interact with the use of English language learning strategies Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Social and Allied Sciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan Visiting Lecturer, Department of English Literature, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan Lecturer, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/exploring-the-influence-of-anxiety-on-the-use-of-language-learning-strategies-a-study-at-intermediate-level-in-bahawalpur https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Role of University-Industry Linkages and Its Impact on Innovation: Evidence from Pakistan Tahira Waryyam Bilal Mirza Abdul Waheed Absorptive Capacity; University-industry Linkages; Innovation Players This paper analyses the barriers to University-Industry linkages in Pakistan and the significance of these linkages towards innovation outcomes of the firms. We used primary data collected by a questionnaire survey named "innovation survey 2013- 2014"from 200 firms (manufacturing/services) of Pakistan. Inspiration of the study has been taken from the theoretical grounds of the national innovation system and its major innovation players, i.e. universities, firms, govt. And research institutions. Two out of four institution shave been studied in this research work, i.e., universities and industries, to address the first research objective examining the significance of University-Industry linkages towards innovation. The second research objective focuses upon the barriers to University-Industry Linkages and their impact on creating these linkages. Another contribution to the innovation literature has been made by studying the barriers towards this collaboration is a major focus of our analyses. Research methodology is based upon the Pr-obit regression function to study the effect of barriers to U-I linkages on the university-industry relationship and the role of these linkages for a firm's innovative performance.Our findings conclude that top manager reluctance is the most significant barrier towards the U-I linkages. Moreover, our analysis reveals that firms, which are engaged in collaborative arrangements with academia, are more innovative Humanity Publications PhD Scholar/Faculty Member, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Associate Professor, Faculty of Business Administration, Iqra University Islamabad, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Business School, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/role-of-universityindustry-linkages-and-its-impact-on-innovation-evidence-from-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Parental Involvement in Behavior Formation of Children: A Study on Primary Schools of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Nazir Haider Shah Muhammad Naqeeb ul Khalil Shaheen Neelofer Sitara Behavior Behavior Formation Development Parental Involvement This study was conducted to explore the parental involvement in behavior formation of children in Azad Jammu and Kashmir.The study was descriptive in nature, and survey method was used to collect the data. The population of the study consisted of 241 teachers working at Government primary schools of Tehsil Nakyal AJ And K. universal sampling technique was applied because the population was quite manageable, so the researcher selected the whole population as a sample of the study. A questionnaire was used to find out the parental involvement in behavior formation of children. The data were collected through a google form. The collected data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The researcher applied frequency, percentage, and mean for the analysis of data. It was found that parents develop cultural values in their children by showing positive emotions, parents have proper control of children's unauthorized access to media content, and also educate their children about the negative effects of mass media. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan Lecturer, Department of Education, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. M.Phil Scholar, Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/parental-involvement-in-behavior-formation-of-children-a-study-on-primary-schools-of-azad-jammu-and-kashmir https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Impact of Reading Habits of Students on the Self- regulated Learning at University Level Muhammad Naveed Khalid Shahbaz Ahmad Anees-ul-Hasnain Shah Self-regulated Learning Reading Habits Students' Achievement The ability to read is the key to gaining knowledge. Reading in today's world is dependent on a person's ability to properly and effectively perceive an electronic or printed material. The constructive features and self-motivating talents of self-regulated pupils help to set them apart from other peers. The aim of the study was to explore the impact of reading habits of students on the self-regulated learning at university level. All the public sector higher educational institutions were the population of the study. The data were collected using a random sampling technique from three hundred and fifty students from the University of Lahore, Sargodha Campus. The self-developed questionnaire, "Reading Habits and Self-regulated Learning Survey," was used. The data were analyzed using Pearson r analysis. The findings revealed a strong positive correlation between self-regulated learning and students’ study habits. The findings examined that self-regulated learning strategies promote reading skills among students. The researchers recommended that self-regulated learning may be promoted among students for better reading comprehension. There were mixed results of the relationship of different indicators of students' reading habits with self-regulated learning. Humanity Publications Resource Person, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Lahore, Sargodha Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Education, University of Lahore, DG Khan Campus, Punjab, Pakistan 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/impact-of-reading-habits-of-students-on-the-self-regulated-learning-at-university-level https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Digitalization of Politics; Deconstructing the Role of (Social) Media in Democratic Strengthening: A Situational Analysis of Pakistan Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad Siddiqui Muhammad Imran Pasha Kanwar Muhammad Yasir Furqan Pakistan Democracy Governance Digital Media Society This paper attempts to investigate how the media has constructed, deconstructed, and influenced fundamental questions about democracy in Pakistan-considering how democratic ideals might provide a framework for understanding and shaping modern digital media transformation. The study of the digitalization of politics looks into how modern societies make sense of and shape the digital transformation. This paper examines and evaluates the strategies, competencies, and practices that contribute to the governance,democracy, and regulation of digitalization, as well as its societal consequences. The role of the media in either supporting or opposing democracy promotion activities that have an impact on the region's democratization in Pakistan. An exploratory and descriptive research method was used in the study. Attempts have been made to incorporate all relevant and significant dimensions and characteristics of the media, society, and their impacts. Humanity Publications Chairman, Department of International Relations, Emerson University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Political Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Ph. D Scholar, Department of Political Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/digitalization-of-politics-deconstructing-the-role-of-social-media-in-democratic-strengthening-a-situational-analysis-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).20 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Teachers' Perceptions about the Use of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) in Second Language Learning at Higher Secondary Level Rehan Muhammad Shahid Nawaz Muhammad Hammad Hussain Shah Land Reforms Goals Land Reforms Measures Land Distribution South Africa and Zimbabwe This research is aimed at investigating the perceptions of English language teachers pertaining to the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in second language learning. The availability of ICT resources in institutions and their application by the teachers in English Language Teaching (ELT) class was also kept in focus in this study. The use of technology has undoubtedly brought favorable results in our life. It speeds up the transfer of information and permits faster processes as well as provides a pleasant learning atmosphere. This study was carried out at a higher secondary level comprising 60 respondents from public and private institutions in the city of Multan (Punjab), Pakistan. The measurement tool questionnaire was employed for the collection of data. The development of the questionnaire was done by the researchers according to the teaching level and background of the respondents. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS. The results showed that ICT and its use in L2 learning are beneficial and may prove to be an aid in the results.It was also explored that a fully dedicated ICT apparatus is required for English language teaching and learning in educational institutions. Moreover, the training of teaching faculty in educational institutions is needed for the better application of ICTs in language teaching. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, Emerson University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English Linguistics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan PhD Scholar in English Linguistics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/teachers-perceptions-about-the-use-of-information-communication-technologies-icts-in-second-language-learning-at-higher-secondary-level https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).21 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Contractual Stipulations Under Classic Islamic Law and Current Marriage Contracts in USA Sardar M.A. Waqar Khan Arif Syed Mudasser Fida Gardazi Nafees Ahmed Khan Marriage Contract Stipulations Classical Jurists Additional Conditions Women Empowerment This article focuses on stipulations in a Muslim marriage contract with reference to the case of the United States of America(USA). Under classical Islamic work, the majority of Jurists (Jamhur) classify those stipulations as valid or invalid. Valid stipulations are permissible because those promote the objectives of the marriage contract. Invalid stipulations are prohibited for their inconsistency with the principles of Shari'ah. Yet another category of stipulations benefiting the women could be found in a marriage contract. Interestingly,this category is neither prohibited in clear terms nor is expressly allowed. After the conclusion of a marriage contract, Jamhur restrict the insertion of subsequent stipulations, while Hanbali School allows the addition of such stipulations provided it would be of extrinsic nature.In this context, this paper attempts to determine the role and status of stipulations in marriage contracts on the criterion of its beneficial nature for wives. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor of Law, Department of Law, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan Assistant Professor of Law, Department of Law, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan Lecturer in Law, Department of Law, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/contractual-stipulations-under-classic-islamic-law-and-current-marriage-contracts-in-usa https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).22 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Effects of Job Market Demand on Higher Education in Pakistan Nilo Far Akhtar Ali Anita Shuja Job Market Demand Higher Education Punjab Pakistan The research report also includes officials' recommendations, such as universities taking the lead in engaging with industry to reconcile education and training in a mutually beneficial manner in order to avoid the grim prospect of unemployment. This would also serve as a two-way information channel, with students learning about possible employers and their needs and companies learning about their future employees' attributes. It's also possible that the value of social and political connections in acquiring work will be reduced. Across all age groups, the father's educational level is favorably and significantly related to the children's educational success.Except in the case of students, where the low educational group showed the predicted sign, the mother's educational level was less essential.Employees and self-employed people are surprised by the indicators in the medium educational category. The research report also offers policymakers options to avoid the grim future of unemployment, such as colleges taking the lead in collaborating with industry to reconcile education and training in a mutually beneficial manner. This would also serve as a two-way information channel, with students learning about potential employers and their requirements and employers learning about the characteristics of their future employees. It's also possible that the value of social and political connections in acquiring work will decline. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar in Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan Dean, Faculty of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/effects-of-job-market-demand-on-higher-education-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).23 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Instagram Usage and Watching What Others are Doing:A Case Study of Lahore City Saadia Anwar Pasha Social Media Satisfaction Self-Comparison Beauty Ideals Instagram usage and its effects on the self-perception of university students in Lahore were investigated. The effects of its use on the self-perception of university students have been found through quantitative research design using survey method. Multistage sampling was utilized for the selection of the sample. In the first stage, the sample was selected from three universities. In the second stage,departments were selected for each university. In the third stage, the sample was further selected from the education, mass communication,psychology, and computer science departments. The results showed that users visit Instagram more than a few times a day and look at the lives of others through their photos. After comparison, Instagram users become unhappy about their lifestyle and dissatisfied with their bodies. The users do not get relaxed rather frustrated. Users are interested in presenting themselves like celebrities; they use filters and crop their photos to present them beautifully. They also look for the products and procedures to look beautiful and lose weight. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Mass Communication, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/instagram-usage-and-watching-what-others-are-doinga-case-study-of-lahore-city https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).24 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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China's Policy in Afghanistan: Internal Factors Shaping Developments Muhammad Nauman Akhter Afghanistan China BRI Xi Jinping New Neighborhood Polic Since Xi Jinping assumed the presidency, his ambitions for China to be at aa prominent place in the world have accelerated China's diplomatic engagement with the neighboring countries. Before Afghanistan came on the Chinese radar, it was the low priority area as far as China's economic, political, social, and cultural relations were concerned. Now, China's emerging economic profile requires it to re-calibrate its engagement policy with Afghanistan. The paper opines that some internal policy changes in China have been the main factors in the Chinese policy shift towards Afghanistan. Now, China's vision about Afghanistan internally rests on three pillars: XiJinping's arrival, the New Neighborhood policy and BRI. Consequently, Afghanistan holds a substantial amount of attention in Chinese foreign policy. Humanity Publications PhD International Politics, Shandong University, China. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/chinas-policy-in-afghanistan-internal-factors-shaping-developments https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).25 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Redefining Greece in 2021: An Overview of the New Government's Plan to Revive Greece Ali Rafi Kaneez Fatima Jabbar Ali Greece 2021 Greece 2.0 Window of Opportunity Greek Legacy Modern Greek State War of Independence 1821 Two hundred (200) Years Modern Greece Digital Transition Green Transition This article aims to provide an overview of the two programs designed by the current Greek government to revive the country and prepare it for the 21st Century. Both plans, "Greece 2021" and "Greece 2.0" comprise four pillars outlining a wide range of programs to be implemented between 2021 and 2026. The first pillar of "Greece 2021" aims to highlight the significance of the events that led to the War of Independence in 1821. This will define how these events had impacted the world of politics and eventually the revolt of 1821. The purpose of "Greece 2021" is to remind the world, particularly the Greek youth, of the country's glorious past,specifically, the previous 200 years of modern Greece. The young generation is also provided with the opportunity to envision the future status of Greece and play an active role in achieving the desired status. For this, a wide range of projects and events such as scientific conventions, cultural events, exhibitions are going to be held across the globe. However, at the same time, the EU has approved Greece's proposed Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) worth over €30 billion. It contains massive plans to transform the Greek economy by means of investments in digitization, infrastructure development, and modernizing business processes. RRF is expected to generate around180,000 jobs and secure 7Percent GDP growth in a sustainable manner by reducing the impact of human activities on the environment Humanity Publications PhD Candidate, Area Study Center for Europe, University of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan PhD Candidate, Area Study Center for Europe, University of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/redefining-greece-in-2021-an-overview-of-the-new-governments-plan-to-revive-greece https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).26 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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An Overview of Geographical Status of Kashmir under Shamiri Dynasty (1339-1554) Amar Jahangir Unsa Jamshad Anbrin Khawaja Kashmir Shahmiri Dynasty Geographical Status Shahb-ud-Din Zainul Abidin The foundation of the Sultanate in Kashmir was laid by Shah Mir in 1339 AD, and for 216 years this family ruled over Kashmir, which is known as the imperial period in the history of Kashmir. This period was a blessing for Kashmirs, as they were victims of oppressive rule and political instability in the last period of Hindu rule. Shahmir abolished arbitrary taxes as soon as he took over the government. During this period, Kashmiris have been fortunate to see strong rulers like Shahab-ud-Din and Zain-ul-Abidin who, with their intelligence and broader perspective, elevate their status from a mere region to the developed states of the country. They protected the people of Kashmir from external invaders. The focus of this study is on the geographical location of Kashmir under the Shahmeri dynasty. This article examines the geographical location of Kashmir during the Shahmeri dynasty. Humanity Publications Junior Lecturer Kashmir Studies, Institute of Kashmir Studies, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor Pakitan Studies, Department of History and Pakistan Studies, Women University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Bagh, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Kashmir Studies, Institute of Kashmir Studies, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/an-overview-of-geographical-status-of-kashmir-under-shamiri-dynasty-13391554 https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).27 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Critical Analysis of the Role of Economic Corridors in the Rise of China in Asia Ali Raza Mahesar Pervaiz Ali Mahesar Sajida Parveen Rise of China Interpretivist Approach Corridors and Critical Analysis The purpose of this research study was to critically analyze the plans of China to develop its economy by connecting itself with the rest of the world through roads network. For this purpose, qualitative research was adopted in which secondary sources were taken. The literature available was thoroughly reviewed, and an interpretive analysis technique was used to analyze and reach a conclusion. The study has concluded that the economic corridor of Central and West Asia has to face a multitude of problems, but these regions are also replete with natural resources. The challenges like infrastructure development and lack of funds could hamper local growth. The study observes that the CCWAEC will promote economic and commercial collaboration and capital flows to these regions and improve regional economic and social development. Humanity Publications M.Phil Scholar, Department of Political Science, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan Professor, College of Management, PAF KIET, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/a-critical-analysis-of-the-role-of-economic-corridors-in-the-rise-of-china-in-asia https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).28 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Hybridity for Survivance: A Postcolonial Reading of Sherman Alexie's Flight Fauzia Amin Ain Fatima Maliha Sarfraz Hybridity Identity Self Assimilation Survivance Native Americans This study looks into the assimilation and hybridization of Natives in Euro-American culture in Sherman Alexie’s Flight (2007). The study reveals that the hybridization of Native Americans is the ultimate consequence of innate resistance against abuse and marginalization in the post-contact world. The study endorses survival/endurance proximity, as suggested by Gerald Vizenor. The selected work, a magical realist text, narrates the quest of a Native American teenage boy Zits who, in search of his true identity, ultimately has reached his self-illumination. The study positions hybridity as an antidote to the essentialist position of purity and ethnicity. Zits' Native self is a victim of forced kidnapping and forged an identity in a post-contact multi-cultural society, hence 'mutual and mutable.'Employing Bhabha’s notion of hybridity as a lens, the study magnifies the survivance of the protagonist in the contemporary world and analyzes the text through Greg Sarris' "integrative approach ."The study illustrates that Alexie's text paves the way to a bridging position that helps the native-self rise from trauma and crisis of lacking intrinsicality in the contemporary western world. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of English, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer in English, the University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Government Graduate College (W), Sahiwal, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/hybridity-for-survivance-a-postcolonial-reading-of-sherman-alexies-flight https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).29 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Islamic Headscarf: A threat to Secularity, Modernity, and Integration Tayyaba Batool Tahir Rafida Nawaz Muqarrab Akbar Islamic Headscarf Europe Secularism Modernity Integration No other piece of cloth has ever caused this much debate as the headscarf. This paper examines the headscarf debate in three European countries i.e., France, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Firstly, the headscarf affair depicts different state policies developed and implemented by three countries, to integrate the Muslim immigrants. Secondly, an analysis of different approaches used by these countries regarding the headscarf issue highlights the place of Muslims and Islam in the European countries. Lastly, this paper contends that the headscarf controversy in France, Germany and the United Kingdom revolves around the issues of secularity vs. Islamic fundamentalism, gender equality vs. religious rights, modernity vs. backwardness and integration vs. assimilation. In this paper, we argue that contrary to the common perception that Muslims are intolerant, backward, and theocratic; the act of banning the headscarf by some of the European countries, in fact, proved these countries to be intolerant and authoritarian towards Muslims. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor of Anthropology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant professor, Department of Political Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan Chairman, Department of Political Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-islamic-headscarf-a-threat-to-secularity-modernity-and-integration https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).30 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Impact of Socio Religious Programs on Viewers: A Case Study of Qutab Online Rao Shahid Mahmood Arsha Saleem Meer Irem Sultana Mass Media Television Channels Religious Programs Impact Viewers The media has a significant impact and influence on society, as well as on its thinking and behavioral elements, among other things. Around the globe, television has long served as a primary means of receiving and disseminating information. Television program shave a direct influence on our behavior, perceptions, and perspectives. Over the years in Pakistan, religious programs have grown in popularity and their impact on the people is undeniable. The purpose of the study was to analyze the impact socio religious programs on viewer. The researcher explored the impact of religious program 'Qutab online' on viewer's perceptions and attitudes towards religion.The objective of the study was to analyze the level of awareness among the viewers about the religion after watching Qutab Online. To reach the objectives, quantitative methodology was applied. 200 respondents from Lahore participated in the survey from age 15-64. the findings of the study indicated that Qutab online is influencing the mindset of the people regarding religious beliefs and also creating awareness regarding religion. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Media Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Mass Communication, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan/PhD Scholar, CMCS, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Mass Communication, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/impact-of-socio-religious-programs-on-viewers-a-case-study-of-qutab-online https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Effects of Harassment on Academic Performance: A Case of University Students of Lahore Zaheer Ud Din Babar Noshina Saleem Traditional Harassment Cyber Harassment Academic Performance Substance Usage Drug Abuse University Students This research study attempted to explore the effects of cyber harassment and traditional harassment on the academic performance of university students. Likewise, investigating the influence of this harassment on substance usage was another prime objective of the study. For this purpose, students of four Lahore based universities (2 public, 2 private) were taken as population. Similarly, using convenience sampling, 150 respondents from each university were selected to meet a total sample of 600 students. For data collection, a cross-sectional survey method was used; however, for data analysis, a one-way analysis of variance was done so that demographics differences could be checked. Whereas Pearson product-moment correlation was applied to tests the relationships between IVs and DVs. Results evidently found that the majority of the students faced one or both types of harassment, i.e. traditional and cyber, which resulted in their indulgence in substance usage practices. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, School of Communication Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, School of Communication Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/effects-of-harassment-on-academic-performance-a-case-of-university-students-of-lahore https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-III).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Revival Of Civil-Military Nexus On Drafting New National Security Policy: Critical Discourse Analysis of Pakistan's Two English Newspapers Amna Zulfiqar Faiza Khalid Maria Khalid Civil-Military Coordination NAP (National Action Plan) PACs (Provincial Apex Committees) CDA (Critical Discourse Analysis) IDP's (Internally Displaced People) Over the past few years, Pakistan carried out various publicized battles against militancy and terrorism led primarily by the Pakistan military. Due to the changed geostrategic context, civil-military coordination is necessary for developing a new national securitypolicy. Therefore the objective of the present study is to examine civil-military coordination portrayed in the English press of Pakistanfollowed by the most significant event, i.e., the formation of Provincial Apex committees. These committees were formed for strengtheningcollaboration between civil-military institutions to execute NAP in different provinces, consequently the study analyzed news stories of twoEnglish newspapers, i.e., Dawn and The News, by employing the CDA model proposed by Fairclough. Results indicate that Dawn coveredthe image of the Pakistan military by highlighting actions of then COAS for empowering committees in different provinces for fasterexecution on NAP and restoration of IDP's whereas, The News covered lack of coordination between civil-military leadership on executionof NAP. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Mass Communication, NUML, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Mass Communication, NUML, Islamabad, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Media and Communication Studies, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2021-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Revival-Of-Civil-Military-Nexus-On-Drafting-New-National-Security-Policy-Critical-Discourse-Analysis-of-Pakistans-Two-English-Newspapers https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-III).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Evaluation of Government Programs & Policies to Eradicate Gender Disparities in Pakistan Minahil Nawaz Atif Bilal Aslam Fariha Tariq Women Economy Gender Gaps Gender Disparities Women disability Participation Like many other developing nations, Pakistan is also facing a gender gap in its socio-cultural spheres. Since independence, many programs and policies have been made in public and private sector domains to eradicate these gender disparities. This paper aims to evaluate these programs and policies by encountering their salient features and how far these programs and policies proved to be fruitful in bridging this gap. The evaluation is done majorly through a desk review of the secondary data drawn from reports published by different government and local organizations. Mainly, the qualitative methods of content and thematic analyses were employed for exploring the gender-based disparities, and how these are affecting the pace of development in Pakistan. Moreover, an assessment of strategies and policies addressing the problem of the gender gap has also been done. Based on the study findings, this paper presents some policy recommendations to reduce gender base disparities which is one of the many prerequisites for the promotion of sustainable development agenda as gender equality is the 5th goal of the United Nations sustainable development agenda. Humanity Publications Department of City and Regional Planning, School of Architecture & Planning, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Department of City and Regional Planning, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Department of City and Regional Planning, School of Architecture & Planning, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/evaluation-of-government-programs-policies-to-eradicate-gender-disparities-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-III).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Pakistan Turkey Cordial Entente (1947-2013): A Diachronic Review Muhammad Almas Gulzar Ahmad Muhammad Khurshid Political Relations Economic Relations Project Trial Chapter Bilateral Relations Relations between Turkey and Pakistan always remained decent and friendly. The mutual sympathies between both countries cannot be described in any other way except the cultural heritage. Both countries have helped each other whenever they needed it in the field of foreign policy. It has cooperated between Ankara and Islamabad that they may raise a hand of cooperation in different affairs like foreign policy and security. They have supported each other as well as defended each others interests, most specifically in the international arena. Since the time of the cold war, both countries, Pakistan and Turkey, have shared their approach, especially on Cypress and Kashmir issues. In this document, an attempt was made to discuss the political and economic relations between Turkey and Pakistan and the nature of relations from 1947 to 2013. Suggestions for improving relations between the two Islamic republics were also made. Humanity Publications Department of Pakistan Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Government Model High School Thingi, Vehari, Education Department Punjab, Pakistan. Department of Pakistan Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/pakistan-turkey-cordial-entente-19472013-a-diachronic-review https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-III).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Teaching in a Polarized Islamic Society: A Phenomenological Study of the Christian School Teachers in the Gujrat City Maimoona Anjum Yaar Muhammad Arjumand Rauf Minorities Christian Teachers Muslims Discrimination Pakistan Rights The Islamic Republic of Pakistan is also home to other religious minorities. Since Independence, these minorities have played a significant role in serving the nation through different professions, and teaching is one of them. Yet, there is a growing concern regarding how well and respectfully they are accommodated in a Muslim majority society. This phenomenological research study explores the perspectives of Christian teachers concerning their difficulties in dealing with students and parents of different religions and their support needs. Ten teachers were purposively selected for semi-structured interviews. Content analysis revealed that although most teachers were satisfied with working conditions and the behaviors of students and parents with them, few of them highlighted the issues of forced conversion to Islam and usage of derogatory language. Teachers also suggested that there is a need to change the mindset of the people through education, and the government should provide more opportunities to minorities. Humanity Publications District Education Officer, Literacy & Non-Formal Basic Education Department, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD. Scholar, Department of Education, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/teaching-in-a-polarized-islamic-society-a-phenomenological-study-of-the-christian-school-teachers-in-the-gujrat-city https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-III).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Effect of Activity Based Teaching on Public Sector College Students' Academic Achievement in the Subject of English Khalida Batool Muhammad Saeed Academic Achievement Activity-Based English Language Experimental Research The study was aimed to find out the effect of activity-based teaching on students' academic achievement in the subject of English at grade XII. It carried a quasi-experimental Pre-test Post-test design. A public sector girls' college of district Lahore was selected as a cluster. Two intact groups were selected randomly. The experimental group was taught with the help of self-designed activities, and the control group was taught the same subject through the lecture method. Data was collected through an achievement test of English. Data were collected on a pre-test and post-test basis. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and an independent sample t-test. The effect size was calculated through Cohen's d value of significance. It revealed that instructional activities had a significant effect on students' academic achievement in the subject of English at grade XII. English teachers are recommended to teach the subject of English with the help of activities to improve students' academic achievement. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Institute of Education and Research (IER), University of Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Institute of Education and Research (IER), University of Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/effect-of-activity-based-teaching-on-public-sector-college-students-academic-achievement-in-the-subject-of-english https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-III).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 3 Pakistan

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War on Terror and Pak-Afghan Borderland Fazal Rabbi Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad Munib Ahmed War on Terror Pak-Afghan Borderland Osama bin Laden The US-led war on terror against Osama bin Laden and the Al-Qaeda network has brought gigantic socio-political and economic impacts on the overall population of Pashtuns of FATA and KP. The US drone strikes largely targeted the Pashtuns population in the tribal belt of Pakistan while the Pakistani security forces particularly conducted various operations in the Pashtuns areas, being a partner/ally of the get praise. In the war, thousands of innocent civilians, including children and women of the Pashtuns population,have been killed, injured and millions remained displaced. Infrastructure, including roads, public and private buildings, bridges,educational institutions, tourism, etc, in the Pashtuns' land, has been destroyed. This paper is an attempt to analyze the so-called war on terror and how it turned against the Pashtuns of FATA and KP. The suffering of the Pashtuns population as targeted by the US drone strikes, Pakistan security forces, and terrorists attacks have been examined in this paper. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Centre for Policy Studies, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Chinese Language and Literature, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2021-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/war-on-terror-and-pakafghan-borderland https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-III).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Factors Influencing Teaching Quality of English Language at High School Level in Southern Punjab, Pakistan Abdul Khaliq Asma Asif Rasheed Ahmad English Language Quality Professional Training Secondary Education The purpose of the study is to explore the factors influencing the quality of English LL as a foreign language in secondary education. A questionnaire was constructed and applied to cover the main objectives of the current research. A survey method using a five-point Likert-type questionnaire was applied to collect the data from 67 teachers teaching the English language at the school level in the schools of southern Punjab, Pakistan. Collected data were entered in SPSS (Statistical Package for social science). The data was analyzed by using related statistical Testes i.e. descriptive statistics, T-test ANOVA, etc. Findings of the study support appointment of non-qualified teachers, teaching English through science teachers, lack of proper teaching aids through proper and effective English language teaching methodology, lack of proper teachers' professional training, and overcrowded classrooms. On the basis of findings, proper English teachers with appropriate use of teaching methodology to the apt size of the class is recommended. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Social and Allied Sciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan Visiting Lecturer, Department of Social and Allied Sciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Visiting Lecturer, Department of English Literature, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/factors-influencing-teaching-quality-of-english-language-at-high-school-level-in-southern-punjab-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-III).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Analytical Study of the Role of Justice of Peace in Registration of Fir in Pakistan Kashif Mahmood Saqib Hamid Mukhtar Malik Zia-ud-Din Justice of Peace Registration of FIR Police Criminal Justice System Cognizable Offence No legislation is beneficial unless it is helpful for the masses in general and downtrodden people in particular. Legislators usually focus on the deprived segments of society so that weaker ones may take advantage of the said legislation. Any legislation that does not benefit the weaker sections of society is meaningless. Registration of the First information report is the right of the citizen in case of cognizable nature of the offence. Lodgement of FIR is the responsibility of the police in such a scenario. Needless to mention that ours is not a utopian state, and because of dissatisfaction of people due to incompetence and high handedness of police officials in the lodgement of FIR, Section 22-A(6) was added in Criminal Procedure Code in 2002. Justices of Peace had performed their duties u/s 22-A(6) Cr.P.C.since then. . In a country like ours, the advent of the Justice of the Peace has changed the structure of our society. Common people of the state are quite satisfied with the emergence of Justices of Peace as voiceless and marginalized sections of society have been given an opportunity against the tyranny of powerful segments of society. This paper discusses powers of Justice of Peace to give directions to police for registration of FIR in the light of decisions of superior courts of Pakistan. The impact of the said power of Justice of Peace in our criminal justice system is also observed. Humanity Publications School of Law, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. School of Law, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. Department of Law, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/analytical-study-of-the-role-of-justice-of-peace-in-registration-of-fir-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-III).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Contemporary Discourse of Constitutionalism in Pakistan: A Critical Study in the light of Iqbal's Perception of Constitutionalism Adnan Rahman Syed Mudasser Fida Gardazi Nafees Ahmed Khan Constitutionalism Allama Iqbal Political Constitutionalism Legal Constitutionalism Concept of Tawhid Theocracy and Spiritual Democracy The analysis of the contemporary discourse of constitutionalism in Pakistan as per the understanding of constitutionalism by Allama Muhammad Iqbal is very important. There has been a longstanding debate in Pakistan between Liberals and Conservatives regarding the nature of the constitution. The vision of Iqbal, as reflected in his lectures and poetry, can be critically analyzed and applied on the existing constitutional challenges of Pakistan. This paper will critically analyze the salient points enunciated by the intellectual work of Iqbal and will also analyze its applicability and relevance with the constitutional framework of Pakistan. The findings of this research work are based on the review of the existing intellectual work of Iqbal. This study suggests concrete reforms in the constitutional structure of Pakistan. This study can be very useful in future deliberations aiming at constitutional reforms in Pakistan in the backdrop political vision of Iqbal and how he understands constitutionalism Humanity Publications Faculty Member of Law, Department of Law, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan. Lecturer in Law, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. 2021-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/contemporary-discourse-of-constitutionalism-in-pakistan-a-critical-study-in-the-light-of-iqbals-perception-of-constitutionalism https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-III).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Women Objectification and Gender Roles: Discourse Analysis of Billboard Advertisements in Pakistan Rukhshanda Mushtaq Naveed Ahmad Taseer Shabir Ullah Billboard Advertisements Description Interpretation Explanation Fairclough Gender Exploitation Feminine Depiction Patriarchal Notions 3-Dimensional Model Gender advertisement is the depiction of stereotypical gender roles presented in billboard advertisements. Advertisers frequently employ gendered presentations to emphasize women's sexual orientation in the advertisements. The present qualitative descriptive research tried to examine the multi-layered significance of billboards advertisements by extension, investigation and explication of intentions, motives and societal practices displayed in billboard advertisements. For this reason, the text of two (2) billboard advertisements were systematically examined employing Fair clough's Three-Dimensional Framework. These three aspects are description,interpretation, and explanation. The acquired findings demonstrated that both these billboards have underneath connotations regarding gender roles, feminine depiction, and patriarchal notions as significant aspects. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Wah (UW), Wah Cantonment, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil English, Department of English, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. & MPhil Education, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan MPhil Scholar, Department of English, Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology, D. I. Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2021-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/women-objectification-and-gender-roles-discourse-analysis-of-billboard-advertisements-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-III).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Perception Based Evaluation of Pedestrianization at Liberty Market Lahore Hamza Yasin Fariha Tariq Farrukh Najeeb Pedestrianization Liberty Market Landscape Design Walkability Mobility Plan Numerous individuals believe that non-motorized modes normally, walking, cycling, and biking, are less privileged to utilize public roads than motor vehicles. More often, pedestrians and cyclists are not facilitated to use the public road to avoid traffic delays. This highlights the biasness of transportation planning practices towards motorized travel and constant negligence in the planning of pedestrian infrastructure. Pedestrianization is adopted as a distinctive practice around the globe; it implies the expulsion of vehicular traffic from the avenues of urban regions as it holds significant social, affordable, and ecological advantages. But in Pakistan, there are no such instances of pedestrianization, especially in Lahore there are three models Liberty Market, Anarkali and Fortress Stadium. In Anarkali Market pedestrianization venture was a disappointment, while in Liberty Market pedestrianization task is a triumph. This study explores the factors contributing to the success of pedestrianization through literature review and detailed survey from shopkeepers and pedestrians of Liberty Market. It was gleaned out that landscaping, street furniture and overall ambience are not the only factors for the success of a pedestrianization, but security, parking facilities, adherence to law and maintenance of order plays a vital role as well. Humanity Publications School of Architecture and Planning, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, School of Architecture and Planning, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Department of City and Regional Planning, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/perception-based-evaluation-of-pedestrianization-at-liberty-market-lahore https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-IV).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 4 Pakistan

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The Effects of Massive Classes in the English Language Andragogy: A study at Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CUVAS) Bahawalpur Abdul Khaliq Farzana Iqbal Rasheed Ahmad Classroom Space Teaching English Seating Arrangements Large Class Overcrowded Classes The research investigates the impact of class size on English as second dialect andragogy in proper setup. The exploration was conducted at CUVAS Bahawalpur. For English language instructing, several BS classes are merged, which came about into an expansion in class size. It has impacted the nature of educating by virtue of a few issues looked at by instructors just as learners. A survey technique was applied to gather the information from 312 students (196 female and 116 male) on the educational, societal, and psychological factors that huge classes have on the English dialectal andragogy. Data were examined through SPSS. The findings of the study plainly show that enormous class sizes unfavorably affect the nature of teaching and learning. The study will be beneficial for teachers, students, and policymakers Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Social and Allied Sciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, The Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Visiting Lecturer, Department of English Literature, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-effects-of-massive-classes-in-the-english-language-andragogy-a-study-at-cholistan-university-of-veterinary-and-animal-sciences-cuvas-bahawalpur https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-IV).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Relationship between University Students' Emotional Intelligence and their Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Punjab Shahnaz Perveen Masood Ahmad Saba Ashiq Emotional Intelligence Industrial Psychology Organizational Citizenship Behavior University Students Youth enters universities to engage in reasonable occupations in the future. Different organizations demand employees who have high emotional intelligence (EI) as well as good organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Universities struggle to nurture these skills among the students . The present study explored the association between students' EI and their OCB . The study was descriptive and 650 students from two universities of Punjab were selected as a sample through simple random sampling. A questionnaire-based on two self-reporting scales was developed as a survey instrument to measure students' EI and OCB . The collected data were examined employing descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation. Results demonstrated that university students possessed a high level of EI and OCB. Moreover, students' EI was directly correlated with their OCB. The study exhibits that expressions of emotions intelligently together with the expressions of OCB eventually enhance students' academic performance that is subsequently improving the performance of the universities. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, The Government Sadiq College Women University Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Education, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/relationship-between-university-students-emotional-intelligence-and-their-organizational-citizenship-behavior-in-punjab https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-IV).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 4 Pakistan

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The Mediating - Moderating Model of Interpersonal Conflict and Knowledge Hiding: Evidence from Advertising Agencies Muhammad Arsalan Khan Omer Farooq Malik Knowledge Hiding Interpersonal Conflict Interpersonal Distrust Organizational-Based Psychological Ownership Advertising Agencies This research paper aimed to develop a framework to test the mediation of interpersonal distrust between interpersonal conflict and knowledge hiding. This study also intended to test the moderation of organizational-based psychological ownership between interpersonal distrust and knowledge hiding linkage. A two-wave design was utilized in this study for data collection with a one-month time interval between both waves. Using purposive sampling, 341 employees were drawn from advertising agencies located in Pakistan. Aself-reported survey was used for the collection of data. Results from variance-based structural equation modeling demonstrated that interpersonal conflict is directly as well as indirectly related to knowledge hiding through interpersonal distrust. Moreover, moderation analysis revealed that organizational-based psychological ownership buffers the influence of interpersonal distrust on knowledge hiding behavior. The present study uncovered the mediation of interpersonal distrust and examined the moderation of organizational-based psychological ownership between interpersonal distrust and knowledge hiding. Humanity Publications Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan. 2021-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-mediating-moderating-model-of-interpersonal-conflict-and-knowledge-hiding-evidence-from-advertising-agencies https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-IV).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 4 Pakistan

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The Impact of Globalization and China's Foreign Direct Investment in South Asian Countries on Carbon Dioxide Emission Zubair Jawad khan Hassan Ara Magsi Globalization China's FDI Carbon emission The world is currently confronted with a growing challenge in the form of CO2 and climate change, which pose grave risks to human lives worldwide. This article attempts to investigate the nexus between CO2 emission, FDI, and Globalization for the period of2003 to 2018 in south Asian countries. This study enables policymakers to devise and execute policies to decrease CO2 emissions in the future. We use panel data techniques to investigate the determinants of CO2 emissions over the world. Our finding shows Globalization,GDP, CO2 emissions are influenced positively and significantly by financial development and energy consumption. Trade openness and FDI have a positive relationship with CO2 emission, While social Globalization has a negative impact on carbon emission. This articlehas key policy implications. Policymakers should formulate policies to provide incentives to their citizen to decline CO2 emissions in the world. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of Economics, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of Economics, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Baluchistan, Quetta, Baluchistan, Pakistan. 2021-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-impact-of-globalization-and-chinas-foreign-direct-investment-in-south-asian-countries-on-carbon-dioxide-emission https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-IV).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Management Practices and Academic Achievement of Students: An Evidence from the Colleges of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Nazir Haider Shah Allah Nawaz Aks E Noor Management Management Practices Academic Achievement Azad Jammu and Kashmir The primary purpose of the study was to identify management practices currently being implemented at AJ and K College to understand the impact of management practices on student academic performance. The study was descriptive in nature, and the cross-sectional survey was used to collect the data. Sixty-six principals and 152 teachers in Kotli district were the populations of this study.Using the method of stratified random sampling, 50 principals and 100 teachers were selected as research samples. A five-point Likertquestionnaire was developed to collect data from principals and teachers. Data were analyzed with mean, standard deviation, and regression. It was found that management practices are being practiced by principals and teachers. The study also found that management practices had a positive impact on students' academic performance. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan Education Officer, District Education Authority Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Lecturer, Department of Special Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan 2021-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/management-practices-and-academic-achievement-of-students-an-evidence-from-the-colleges-of-azad-jammu-and-kashmir https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-IV).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 4 Pakistan

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The Autonomy and Efficiency in Local Governance: A Legislative Appraisal of the Azad Jammu and Kashmir Local Government Act, 1990 Nafees Ahmed Khan Adnan Rahman Syed Mudasser Fida Gardazi Reforms Historical Autonomy Local Government AJK Local governments are not similar to independent nation-states in terms of their sovereignty. However, the superior government, by framing relevant enactments, provides power and existence to such subordinate governments. The degree of autonomy maybe determined by the interactions or structure and nature of transactions between the two or three tiers of government from case to case.Local Government Act, 1990 in Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) seems not an ideal piece of legislation yet entrenched from historical antecedents of reforms. Recently, certain provincial legislation promulgated in Pakistan as the regional reflection may inspire some new avenues of development in the legislative perspective. This study analyses the absurdities in the prevailing legal instrument of local government in AJK and suggests that transparency and accountability in governance, political stability, and improved revenue-based adherence to constitutional provisions can anchor the autonomy and sustainability of the local government. Humanity Publications Lecturer in Law, Department of Law, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Member Law Faculty, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu, and Kashmir, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Law, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan 2021-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-autonomy-and-efficiency-in-local-governance-a-legislative-appraisal-of-the-azad-jammu-and-kashmir-local-government-act-1990 https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-IV).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Influence of Social Media Chat on English Writing Skills of the Students Ejaz Mirza Muhammad Haseeb Nasir Muhammad Abdullah Impact Social Media Smart Phones WhatsApp Writing Skills The advancements in technology have cast a shadow on people belonging to all walks of life.The life of youth is incomplete without the use of technology. Mobile phones have become a necessity in their lives. Invent of internet gifted mobile phones with many new applications e.g. WhatsApp,Twitter, Snapchat, etc. WhatsApp is the easiest and the most user-friendly application among all has gained tremendous importance in the lives of youth. WhatsApp users are rising each day as every new invention comes up with many advantages as well as disadvantages. The present study attempts to study the effects of WhatsApp messenger on formal writing of students by using a mixed research design i.e. two research tools have been used for the collection of data, one is quantitative in the form of a questionnaire whereas the other one is qualitative like the assessment of students essays.Resultantly, it was found that the language they use in texting while using WhatsApp messenger often deviates from the spelling and grammar rules of a standard language. It was observed that the informal style of writing developed due to excessive use of WhatsApp is reflected even in the formal writing of the students. The linguistic expressions used over WhatsApp by most of the students affect their writing skills negatively Humanity Publications Assistant Professor/HOD, Department of English, NUML, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, NUML, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, NUML, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/influence-of-social-media-chat-on-english-writing-skills-of-the-students https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-I).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Islamic Doctrine of Economics and Capitalism: Comparative Analysis, Assessment and Future Policy Recommendations for Pakistan Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad Siddiqui Kanwar Muhammad Yasir Furqan Muhammad Imran Pasha Economy Pakistan Islamic Economics Islamization Capitalism The research investigates the prospect of the financial system of Islam and the viability of its growth alongside traditional financial services within another capitalist system schema, and it proposes modified native stock investments as a pragmatic groundwork for Sharia principles constructed on principles of Islamic teachings. This research work will contrast the theories of integrity and socio-economic justice in the two rhetoric. A conceptual analysis that follows serves as the foundation for policy recommendations. The research is exclusively normative, and discussing it from a logical standpoint is outside the scope of this research. The said investigation would also have implications and recommendations for policymakers and professionals while adjusting Contemporary Western constructions, power structures, regulations, paradigms, etc. To some extent, in order to be compatible with the advancement of the Islamic Economic System. Finally, the study examines the efforts and measures that have been taken to Islamize Pakistan's economy. Humanity Publications International Relations, Emerson University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan Political Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Political Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-islamic-doctrine-of-economics-and-capitalism-comparative-analysis-assessment-and-future-policy-recommendations-for-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-I).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Oiko-Poetics versus Andro-Poetics: An Account of the Deep-Ecological Perspective of Ice Age in Contrast to the Naturalistic Perspective of Exploration Age Amna Farooq Muhammad Ammar Aqdas Khanam Oiko-Poetics Deep Ecology Biocentrism Red Americans Naturalism Deterministic Anthropocentricism White Americans This article provides an interpretation of the two worldviews of nature. The first one is the Euro-American orientation, which is naturalistic in its outlook towards the environment. This outlook provides the roots for Andro-Poetic epistemology; which is inclusive and exploitative in its ontology.The second one is the Native American orientation, which is bio-centric in its outlook on the environment. This outlook nourishes the ideology of deep ecology and provides the perspective of Oiko-Poetics; which has inclusive epistemology and a collective environmental ontology. Hence, this article reflects to provide a comparative analytical and critical approach to scrutinize the two selected fictions side by side. Which proves that the Native American Approach is inclusive towards the nature in comparison to the Euro-American approach which is exclusive towards the nature in its outlook. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Department of English Literature, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan Ph.D. Scholar, Department of English Linguistics, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Government College Women University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/oikopoetics-versus-andropoetics-an-account-of-the-deepecological-perspective-of-ice-age-in-contrast-to-the-naturalistic-perspective-of-exploration-age https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-I).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Usage and Gratification Aspects of Social Media Reliance among Pakistani Youth Ammara Iqbal Noshina Saleem Gratification Pakistani Reliance Social Media Usage Youth This research endeavored to discover the reasons behind widespread social media reliance among Pakistani youth. The major focus of research was to understand how the social media reliance results into such behaviors and patterns that reinforce the extensive adoption of this medium throughout society. The researcher has taken two most important aspects usage and gratification regarding the youth's reliance on social media. Students both male and female aged 18-30 from public and private universities of metropolitan cities (Lahore, Karachi, Peshawar, Quetta, Islamabad ) Pakistan were taken. By using purposive sampling, 1000 university students were taken as sample for this study.Survey method was used for data collection and for data analysis Pearson product-moment correlation was applied to test the relationships between independent and dependent variables. Findings of the study disclosed that usage aspect was the most important for youth to had extensive social media reliance as compared to other aspects. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, School of Communication Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Director School of Communication Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/usage-and-gratification-aspects-of-social-media-reliance-among-pakistani-youth https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-I).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Exploring the Effects of the Policy "Maar Nahi Piyar" On Students' Behavior and their Academic Performance in Public Schools Huseena Rashid Shagufta Akhtar Allah Baksh Malik Effects Corporal Punishment Academic Performance Behavior Initiative The policy “MAAR NAHI PIYAR” (Not to beat but Love) is the initiative taken by the government of Punjab education department, which intends to enhance children's academic performance and improve their behavior. This study aimed at exploring the effects of the policy “MAARNAHI PIYAR” on students’ behavior and their academic performance in public schools of Pakistan through the lens of teachers and students. The study sample consisted of two groups of respondents i.e. teachers and students. The study surveyed opinions of a randomly sampled 100 teachers, 100 students, and ten public schools in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The quantitative method approach was adopted. Data were collected through self-developed questionnaires. Five Point Likert scale was used.Findings illustrated a need for continued research of the policy “MAAR NAHI PIYAR” and its impact to a district-by-district and a school-by-school basis. The findings of the study have indicated that the behavior of a teacher profoundly influences students’ behavior and their academic performance. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Psychology and Education, Foundation University Islamabad, Pakistan Director ORIC, Foundation University Islamabad, Pakistan. Ex-Head, Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/exploring-the-effects-of-the-policy-maar-nahi-piyar-on-students-behavior-and-their-academic-performance-in-public-schools https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-I).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Uses and Gratification Theory and Social Media Interactivity: A Demographic study in Lahore, Pakistan Safa Ilyas Ahmed Anjum Zia Uses and Gratifications Social Media Interactivity Digital Natives Digital Immigrants. This study looked at the usages and gratifications of social media interactivity between digital natives and digital immigrants. This study focuses to see if demographics such as age, education, and socioeconomic status have an impact on users also uncovering the possible reasons for social media usage among both generations based on their individual gratifications. The interview was conducted with a total of 16 participants in Lahore. They were picked based on their interest in social media and the consistency with which they interact with it. A semi-structured interview was conducted then analyzed using thematic analysis. Interaction of similar social media networks, apps, and platforms brings Digital Natives and Digital Immigrants closer together. Both generations choose to spend their time online and engage in social media interactions based on their own gratifications. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Mass Communication, Lahore College Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Professor, School of Media and Communication Studies, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/uses-and-gratification-theory-and-social-media-interactivity-a-demographic-study-in-lahore-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-I).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Evaluative Study of Teacher Training Workshop and Classroom Management Skills of Teachers Teaching at Federal Government Educational Institutions in Lahore Region Muhammad Akram Shakir Muhammad Naveed Khalid Farah Shafiq Classroom Management Teacher Effectiveness Teaching Models Standard of teacher training workshops in Pakistan has been exhibiting a span of accelerating and numerous reforms in a variety of disciplines incorporating classroom management skills. Present work was carried out to gauge the effectiveness of teacher training workshop o classroom management skills of teachers teaching at federal government educational institutions in Lahore.Classroom management was examined by subject matters and training methods. Effectiveness was described as the extent of standard through which classroom management skill was assessed. The survey method was utilized and sampling comprised of FGEI entity at Lahore Region. A comprehensive instrument consisting of relevant constructs was developed for generating research data. The retrieved data from 200 participants were processed through descriptive as well as inferential statistical tests.The hypothesis was accepted, which revealed a positive effect of teacher training workshop (IV) on classroom management skills (DV) of teachers at Lahore. The empirical work has suggested some implications such as revamping outlines of the workshop, motivation towards maximum participation in workshops, and close mentoring and monitoring by administrative authorities. It is assumed that findings and implications of this rigorous study will motivate development models for imminent irregularities and inadequacies in the preview of professional development programs. Humanity Publications Principal, FGEIs, Cantt Garrison, Kharian Cantt, Punjab, Pakistan Resource Person, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Division of Education, University of Education Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/evaluative-study-of-teacher-training-workshop-and-classroom-management-skills-of-teachers-teaching-at-federal-government-educational-institutions-in-la https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-I).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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A Theatrical Study of Ikram Azam's Short Peace Plays Muhammad Umer Azim Muhammad Saleem Umar -ud -Din Theatricality Barakat Ikram Azam Short Peace Plays This piece of research pursues the critical investigation of the distancing devices used in Ikram Azam’s Short Peace Plays: The Quaid at the Jinnah Road, The Two Voices, The Vicious Circle, and The Sepulture. Naïve characters with their simplistic but basic questions on the sociopolitical ailments confronting the nation alienate and orient the reader dynamically. The dialectical juxtaposition of characters, with multiple points of views, has always been a popular technique to produce the spectacular discourse. In addition to the unity of opposites, the role of the narratological analogies is well entrenched in these plays. Courts rooms and dead bodies play their role very tactfully in imparting staginess to the text. Wars and their impacts on each and every aspect of social life are not less important than other techniques of theatricality. Historical characters that remain an integral part of the unconsciousness and the conscience of the society. Memories, dreams, and histrionic words and actions also play their role to contribute to the theatrics of the data. The study is informed by Mohsen Mosilhi A. Barakat’s Theatricality of Edward Bond’s Plays (2021). The use of theatrical techniques produces a dynamic awareness of the burning issues of the Pakistani society. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor of English, Government Graduate College Township, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor of English, Government Graduate College Township, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Associate Professor of English, Government Graduate College Civil Lines, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/a-theatrical-study-of-ikram-azams-short-peace-plays https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-I).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Gender Differences in the Use of Lexical Features in Text Messaging of Pakistani Students Kiran Jahanzeb Humaira Irfan Jahanzeb Jahan Gender differences Lexical features SMS Text messaging This research intends to discover gender differences in the usage of linguistic features in text messages by Pakistani students. Herring's approach to Computer-Mediated Discourse Analysis is used as the backbone of this research. In this qualitative research, a sample of 100 university students was selected. The sample provided a corpus of 300 text messages. Content analysis was used for coding and classification of the data, whereas descriptive statistics were used to find out percentages and frequencies. The data was classified as the messages sent by the males and those by females. Lexical features are classified as contraction, letter and number homophones, and initialism. Male students use more contractions, initial-isms and clippings while female students use letter and number homophones more than the male students do. This study is important in terms of genderlects and their differences. Humanity Publications M.Phil Applied Linguistics, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Associate Professor of English, Department of English, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Lecturer in English, Department of English, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/gender-differences-in-the-use-of-lexical-features-in-text-messaging-of-pakistani-students https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-I).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Analysis of Available Lab Facilities at Secondary Level Muhammad Irfan Irshad Muhammad Aamir Hashmi Lab Facilities Secondary school Science Laboratory Science education plays an important role in the creation of creativity in the personality of students. There is a strong relationship between science education and practical work, due to which it is not possible for the students to have conceptual knowledge of science subjects without proper practical performance in the classroom. The purpose of this research study was to analyse the available lab facilities in secondary schools. The research was qualitative in nature. The population of this research study was all the high schools of district Narowal. There was a total of 157 high schools indistrict Narowal which were 75 boy high schools and 82 girls high schools. In the first stage,proportionate stratified sampling techniques were used to select male and female public sector high schools. In the second stage, 20 Percent of high schools from each stratum were taken by using a simple random sampling technique. Therefore, there was a total of 31 public sector high schools, 20 Percent of which 15 public sector high schools for boys and 16 public sector high schools for girls were selected. It is concluded that spring balance, pendulum, magnet, prism, screw gauge, glass slab and voltmeter facilities was highly observed in secondary schools which signifies their availability. Humanity Publications M.Phil Scholar, Superior University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/analysis-of-available-lab-facilities-at-secondary-level https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-I).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Identity Crisis among Migrants after Partition of 1947: A Case Study of Daultala Gujjar Khan Aniqa Zaheer Abid Ghafoor Chaudhry Shagufta Hamid Ali Muhajirs (Migrants) Identity Crisis Cultural Identity Daultala Immigration An examination of human history would reveal the critical role that migration and population mobility have played in shaping the fundamental nature of human civilization today. While this may appear to be a natural process, its power to alter the social, political, and economic dynamics of both the sending and host countries, as well as important notions like "citizenship," "identification,"and "belonging,”. Upon the establishment of Pakistan in 1947, millions of Indian refugees and migrants settled in Karachi and other regions of the country, coexisting with the local people. They identified as ‘mohajirs' (migrants) and have since been a part of Pakistan's lengthy process of assimilation into the multiethnic, multilingual Islamic republic. The topic of the research was "Identity Crisis among Migrants after Partition: A case study of Daultala, Gujjar Khan”. The main objective of the research was to find out how the local people consider themselves superior to migrants. The research was conducted in Daultalain the tehsil Gujjar Khan of district Rawalpindi. The methodology used in the research was descriptive.The current study was carried out using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods,including questionnaires and interviews with a sample of 45 local respondents selected using a convenient sampling technique living in Daultala, Gujjar Khan. Humanity Publications M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Anthropology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Anthropology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/identity-crisis-among-migrants-after-partition-of-1947-a-case-study-of-daultala-gujjar-khan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-I).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Pakistan- US Relations in Elite Press (2012-2013) Shahzad Qaisar Muhammad Zubair Iqbal Muhammad Shoaib Malik Elite press PPP government War on Terror Foreign policy Pak-US Editorials Pakistan-USA relations have witnessed many ups and downs throughout the history of their interaction. The elite press on both sides played an important role in shaping and re-shaping attitudes,policies, and public opinion over various bilateral and regional issues. Post 9/11 situation expanded the part of the press on both sides due to war on terror cooperation and subsequent developments. Regime changes in America or Pakistan are often perceived as a harbinger of new policy shifts with anticipations of a new era of bilateral relations. The last year of the PPP government in Pakistan witnessed re-election of Barack Obama for the second term, but Pakistan's upcoming elections were more speculative interms of office holder and the party. The scholar are divided about the role of the elite press in policy making and influencing the policy-making process through their content and issue projection.But the press on both sides published their approaches through editorials over a number of issues that could be major component of the upcoming government's policy-making process. War on terror,political discourse, religion, and politics remained choices for editorials for Daily Dawn and Washington Post during that period of time. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies and History, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/pakistan-us-relations-in-elite-press-20122013 https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-I).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Current Afghanistan Crisis: The Impact of External Factors on Internal Crisis Alamgir Khan Security Terrorism Extremism Humanitarian Crisis This paper attempts to address some of the fundamental questions concerning the current crisis in Afghanistan. After fighting for twenty years, the US and NATO forces announced their withdrawal and the Taliban again recaptured and took over Afghanistan on August 15, 2021. The US and NATO withdrawal and recapturing of Afghanistan by the Taliban was not the ending but the beginning of a new crisis. After the US withdrawal, the new Taliban are facing multiple threats from different militant groups and the worst humanitarian crisis. The article explores how the external factors influence the internal crisis. The study demonstrates that international support and regional pressure can persuade the Taliban government to ensure fundamental rights including girls’ education. If left alone, the governance and humanitarian crisis will create space for more extremist groups who will use Afghanistan for perpetrating terrorism and will pose serious security threats to the world.. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Political Science, University of Swabi, Swabi, KP, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/current-afghanistan-crisis-the-impact-of-external-factors-on-internal-crisis https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-I).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Disability and Employment; Quota System and Infrastructure Analysis LDA Lahore as a Paradigm Minahil Nawaz Zaira Tahir Asra Hafeez Disability Employment Infrastructure Accessibility Sustainability Disables Community Anin capacity is any condition of the body or mind that makes it more problematic for the individual with the state to do certain accomplishments and cooperate with the world around them.The main objectives of the study are to find the relationship between disability and employment,empower disabled people, provide them with better employment opportunities, make them financially stable and make them independent and incorporate the factors that make the building accessible and comfortable for the disabled. From the literature reviews which were of different ideologies and objectives, the result came is that there are different techniques by which the problems can be solved by involving sustainability, accessibility and adaptability in an infrastructure design. The sector of the LDA has been selected for the research analysis. The quotas for disabled people and the building infrastructure of LDA will be analyzed. For the research analysis, the different types of analysis will be performed on the data which are 3D analysis, Demographics Analysis, questionnaire and Correlation Analysis. The proposals which are given are based on the provision of parking, washrooms facilities,staircases, ramps, handrails, and office furniture and entrance gates. Humanity Publications University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/disability-and-employment-quota-system-and-infrastructure-analysis-lda-lahore-as-a-paradigm https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-I).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Economics of Race and Blame: News Frame Analysis of Cross- Border Economic Consequences by Indian and Pakistani Media Abul Hassan Tanveer Hussain Muhammad Farrukh Economics Framing India Pakistan India and Pakistan share a border that enables them for an economic collaboration to minimize their mutual conflicts which are there since their partition. This study aims at identifying those economic obstacles which hinder their mutual economic cooperation. It further examines the framing trends through which media from both countries showcase each other's economic issues in certain ways. News headlines and lead paragraphs from two English dailies each from India and Pakistan, were analyzed. "Economic consequences" frame was identified among the selected data of 4086 news stories. The findings revealed that both countries blame about unstable bilateral trades, loss in import and exports deals, underdeveloped national and international businesses and economic deficits on each other. CPEC, political instability and terrorism were framed as major blaming claims by each side. The study further recommends professional news coverage with productive framing of issues than biased and based on certain framing. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, School of Creative Arts, University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, School of Media and Communication Studies, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, School of Creative Arts, University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-economics-of-race-and-blame-news-frame-analysis-of-cross-border-economic-consequences-by-indian-and-pakistani-media https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-I).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Impact of Domestic and Foreign-Invested Enterprises Trade on Life Expectancy in China Hubert Visas Jabbar Ul-Haq Sana Khanum Domestic and Foreign-invested Enterprises Trade Trade Openness Health Life Expectancy China Health is fundamental for human well-being and economic growth and the development of an economy. Particularly, poor health has a perpetually damaging effect on the well-being of people and consequently, lowers life expectancy. Our study explores the influence of trade openness(domestic-invested enterprises (DIEs) and foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) trade) on life expectancy in China and across gender using Chinese provincial panel data. The results reveal that trade openness significantly promotes life expectancy. We find a positive relationship between trade openness (DIEs and FIEs trade) and life expectancy in China and across gender. Our findings are robust to the inclusion of other control variables for the overall and female cases but not the male. The policy implication is that the government should open the economy more for international trade to benefit more, especially in the health sector and improve the health of its population. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, School of International Trade and Economics, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, China. Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of Economics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-impact-of-domestic-and-foreigninvested-enterprises-trade-on-life-expectancy-in-china https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-I).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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A Critical Analysis of Pop Culture and Media Shanawer Rafique Mohsin Hassan Khan Hira Bilal Culture Popular Culture Sources of Pop-Culture Media Studies have revealed that in the age of digital media, popular culture has emerged as a powerful phenomenon. With this in mind, this article critically examines how media is the key player in promoting and reinforcing popular culture. Further, it illuminates the cultural shift with urbanization and industrial progress. In this regard, available literature of the past twenty years has been critically reviewed. This piece of research confers different sources of popular culture such as movies, TV programs, online video gaming, politics, music, sports, advertisements, e-commerce, and mobile applications and describes the significant role of the media in popularizing and endorsing it. This study concludes that the media has played a significant role in cultural change and that the media and pop culture are inter-reliant. This study also suggests that popular culture has a significant influence and power that can be helpful for agenda setting and cultural diplomacy. Pop culture is dynamic and the media plays a crucial role in promoting popular culture. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, School of Media and Communication Studies, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, School of Media and Communication Studies, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, School of Media and Communication Studies, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/a-critical-analysis-of-pop-culture-and-media https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-I).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:391800 2019-03-30 grr

Challenges of Confidentiality and Security in Mobile Cloud Computing and Protective Measures Dost Muhammad Khan Tariq Aziz Rao Faisal Shahzad Mobile Cloud Computing Privacy Security Protective Measures Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) has a significant potential to provide scalability, reliability, extra battery life, and additional storage capacity. Due to the flexible infrastructure and simplicity of access, cloud computing has become widespread. Energy consumption and execution time have also considerably enhanced by shifting the execution of resources consuming tasks that bring the benefit to mobile users. However, security and privacy is the major barrier to this growing trend of computing aptitude. Noteworthy efforts have already been made by the academic and research organizations to build secure computing infrastructures but various challenges are stay alive in security procedure of MCC. This manuscript provides a broad analysis of confidentiality and security challenges in mobile cloud computing and also discusses how to overcome these loopholes. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Computer Sciences and I.T,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Visiting Lecturer,Department of Computer Sciences and I.T,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Computer Sciences and I.T,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/Challenges-of-Confidentiality-and-Security-in-Mobile-Cloud-Computing-and-Protective-Measures https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:391801 2021-03-30 grr

Implications of the Enigmatic Rise of Taliban: A Historical Perspective Fayaz Hussain Pakistan Taliban Afghan Al-Qaida The rise of the Taliban in Afghanistan in 1994 was the opening of a new chapter in the current Afghan history while Afghanistan's socio-political environment was in disorder. The emergence of the Taliban was a new phenomenon, and no one expected that an ordinary militia would become a strong power in Afghanistan. Taliban was a highly secret force that had neither formal structure nor any formal membership. It was also believed that the Taliban were Pakistan protege. Their rise to power in Afghanistan had a profound impact on Pakistan's society. Violence, drug trade, corruption and soared with the rise of the Taliban. Pakistan aimed in the militia support a friendly regime in Kabul and strategic equilibrium in the region. However, the Taliban harsh policies against women and Human Rights violations invoked international criticism. Taliban had no economic vision except for revenue from the drug trade and smuggling of goods via the Durand Line. Their policies had serious implications for the region and the globe. The Taliban support and provision of sanctuaries to Al-Qaida invited international sanctions. The September 11 Terrorist attack on US soil ultimately turned into the fall of the Taliban. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of International Relations, Qurtuba University of Science & Information Technology Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/implications-of-the-enigmatic-rise-of-taliban-a-historical-perspective https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).25 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:392049 2020-09-30 grr

Translanguaging Practices in the Multilingual Classroom: A Case Study of Pakistani University English Language Learners Muhammad Farooq Alam Translanguaging Bilingualism linguistic knowledge diverse backgrounds Communicative Proficiency The primary concern of this paper is to find out the use of the first language among English language learners belonging to diverse cultures and linguistic backgrounds. The studies conducted in the past have shown serious concern about shuttling between multiple languages, known as, Translanguaging; others have found it highly beneficial. Therefore, the primary aim is to explore the strategies adopted via translanguaging practices of learners with multiple literacies, using translanguaging in the university classroom as a valuable strategy. A qualitative research paradigm has guided the study,based on the theoretical framework of Creese and Blackledge's (2010) language ecology approach which exhibits the interdependence of existing linguistic knowledge acquired across languages. Sixty undergraduate students, both male and female, participated in this study selected purposively. Two data collections, i.e. Classroom observations and Focused Group Discussions were utilised. The findings revealed that translanguaging accommodates the learners in achieving communicative proficiency and makes learning effective. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/translanguaging-practices-in-the-multilingual-classroom-a-case-study-of-pakistani-university-english-language-learners https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).38 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Representation of Afghanistan Government and Taliban in Dawn and Ummat Muska Amir Hamza Marwan Ayesha Anwar Portrayal Afghanistan Pakistan Dawn Ummat Framing Theory This research study investigates how selected mainstream Pakistani print media, Dawn and Ummat, represented the image of Afghanistan and the Taliban in its news coverage. The aim is to understand whether the selected two newspapers portrayed the image of Afghanistan and the Taliban positively or negatively. Dawn is considered the leftist newspaper that holds liberal views about the issues in Pakistan. On the other hand, Ummat is considered a right-wing newspaper with conservative views. The news content of both newspapers was studied from the 1st of January 2019 to the 31st of January 2019. Content Analysis has been employed as a research method in this study to answer all the outstanding research questions. The findings support that though most of the newspapers' discussion revolved around the US-Taliban peace talks, Ummat emphasized the Taliban's perspective more in the coverage. It was also revealed that both the selected newspapers relied more on the Afghan sources to share the Afghan government and Taliban's story with its readers. The research study is grounded on Goffman's Framing Theory. Humanity Publications MA, Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, College of Home Economics, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/representation-of-afghanistan-government-and-taliban-in-dawn-and-ummat https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-I).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:392748 2019-06-30 grr

Impact of Print Media Framing of the 2018 General Election on Pakistani People Riaz Ahmad Widad Mustafa El Hadi Bin Yamin Khan Media Framing General Elections Pakistan Content Analysis Democracy Political Campaigns Political communication and its perceived impacts are complex yet widely studied phenomenon during the past decade. In this regard, the current research focuses on examining the role of media, particularly newspapers, in framing the news content during the General Election of 2018 in Pakistan. Mainly supported by Framing theory, this research involves content analysis of six Urdu and English newspapers. Results of the study indicate a significant relationship between newspaper framing and the 2018 general elections (p≥ .006), newspapers and conflict framing (p≥ .011) and variations regarding coverage patterns of the political news (p≥ .000). Moreover, findings also revealed significant differences in print media coverage (p≥ .012) i.e. Urdu newspapers covered more reports than the English Newspapers (p≥ .000). On the other hand, Urdu newspapers cover the political campaigns positively as compared to the English newspapers during the 2018 elections in Pakistan (p≥ .000). Humanity Publications PhD Scholar of Information and Communication Sciences, Universite' de Lille, France. Professor of Information and Communication Sciences, Universite' de Lille, France. Lecturer, Department of Communication and Media Studies, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/impact-of-print-media-framing-of-the-2018-general-election-on-pakistani-people https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-II).53 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:392790 2021-06-30 grr

Analysis of Punctuation Marks and Diction in the Essay 'Oxford in the Vacation' by Charles Lamb Farooq Shah Muhammad Altaf Faizan Khan Essays of Elia Oxford in the Vacations Charles Lamb Punctuation Marks This paper deals with the punctuation and the choice of words used in the essay, 'Oxford in the Vacation' written by Charles Lamb. The research regarding punctuation marks has been limited to dash, comma, parenthesis, colon, semicolon, and exclamation mark.The undertaken study aims at the standard usage of these marks and looks at how Lamb has used all of these in his essay under the question has been found that at some places, Lamb has violated important grammatical rules, which are blunders, but it has also been observed that to create a specific effect one will have to do the way Lamb did. The error analysis to some extent, has been used to explain the text and inner and deep understanding of the essay. This also opens up the question of when, how and why inversions, figurative of speech,and flamboyant style are rudimentary but necessary tools to acknowledge a good understanding of the writer's overall meaning. Humanity Publications Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Subject Specialist, Elementary and Secondary Education Department, KP. M.Phil Scholar, University of Hull, UK. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/analysis-of-punctuation-marks-and-diction-in-the-essay-oxford-in-the-vacation-by-charles-lamb https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).31 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:392791 2021-06-30 grr

Traditional Houses of Neelum Valley of Azad Jammu and Kashmir: Architecture and Prospects of Homestay Tourism Adnan Anwar Anas Mahmud Arif Shahid Mansoor Khan Traditional Houses Neelum Valley Azad Jammu and Kashmir Architecture Homestay Tourism Neelum valley is one of the most attractive and beautiful valleys of Pakistan, which is becoming an emerging tourist destination. Being a remote area, tourism resources are well preserved, but under the influence of technology and some other factors, some rapid changes in the natural and cultural resources are occurring. The current study is an attempt to analyze the potential of traditional houses of upper Neelum Valley for their modification into home-based accommodation. Results of the study brought forth the significant potential of sustainable home-stay tourism in the region, which may culminate in the preservation of local natural and cultural values fora relatively prolonged period. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Hazara University Manshera, KP, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, University of Engineering and Technology, Abbottabad Campus, KP, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/traditional-houses-of-neelum-valley-of-azad-jammu-and-kashmir-architecture-and-prospects-of-homestay-tourism https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).32 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:392798 2017-12-30 grr

The Supreme Court Role in Pakistan for the Elimination of Child Abuse Ahmad Raza Muhammad Siraj Khan Naghma Farid Child Abuses Judicial Activism Government Measures According to the 2017 National census children counts 39% of the whole population; the maximum of people residing in the rural areas have a very less developed social sector, although people living in the urban areas have comparatively good facilities that are small in number. They have good service delivery in education, health, social welfare, employment opportunities, awareness; fertility rate is good while the mortality rate is less, safe sanitation facilities, clean water and other facilitations that are necessary for a sound social sector. The Human development index is very low as it stand at 147/188 in 2016; Pakistan invest a very small amount in education (2.3%), health (0.76%) and the other sectors are also in a fragile situation, more over the standard of education and health are the lowest in the world, the nutritional facilities available to the children are below standard. Humanity Publications Department of Political Science, Qurtuba University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Nawab Allah Nawaz Khan Law College, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan Nawab Allah Nawaz Khan Law College, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-supreme-court-role-in-pakistan-for-the-elimination-of-child-abuse https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(II-I).36 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:392799 2019-12-30 grr

Enforced Disappearance and the role of Law Enforcement Agencies and Judiciary in Pakistan Muhammad Siraj Khan Noman Gul Naghma Farid Enforced Disappearance Law Enforcement Agencies Government Efforts Enforced disappearance has become a global phenomenon; over one million have disappeared in the last 50 years,(Sarkin, 2012). Since the Afghan war, the incident began to start in Pakistan and the law enforcement agencies turned a blind eye to it. The International Convention for the Protection of all people from enforces Disappearance (2006) looks after the events globally and has concluded in an article that: "...the arrest, detention, abduction or any other form of deprivation of liberty by agents of the State or by persons or groups of persons acting with the authorization, support or acquiescence of the State, followed by a refusal to acknowledge the deprivation of liberty or by concealment of the fate or whereabouts of the disappeared person, which place such a person outside the protection of the law" (Convention for the Protection of all people from enforces Disappearance, 2006). Humanity Publications Nawab Allah Nawaz Khan Law College, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Nawab Allah Nawaz Khan Law College, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Nawab Allah Nawaz Khan Law College, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/enforced-disappearance-and-the-role-of-law-enforcement-agencies-and-judiciary-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-IV).61 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:392800 2020-09-30 grr

The National Accountability Bureau of Pakistan: Role for Elimination of Victimization against Opposition Leaders Ahmad Raza Naghma Farid Muhammad Siraj Khan National Accountability Bureau Political System Constitution Since the establishment of NAB (1999), it has been used for the victimization of politicians, especially by the ruling party;Number of fake cases have been registered against the opposition political parties and politicians who proved a stigma onthe transparency of the institution. There have been internal weaknesses within the NAB; politicians consider it a tool of adictator. It can arrest a person for investigation for 90 days, which is against the violation of human rights. There is a needto train the members with professionalism to counter the challenges of modern times. Humanity Publications Department of Political Science, Qurtuba University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Nawab Allah Nawaz Khan Law College, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Nawab Allah Nawaz Khan Law College, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-national-accountability-bureau-of-pakistan-role-for-elimination-of-victimization-against-opposition-leaders https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(V-III).39 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:392801 2021-03-30 grr

A Comprehensive Traffic Volume Study of Qasim Chowk Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan Mehnaz Soomro Hina Marvi Rabia Khaskheli Traffic Count Survey Traffic Volume Survey Qasim Chowk Hyderabad Sindh Any unplanned town is likely to face multiple issues as the population rises; such as; traffic congestion problems vehicles increases with a rise in population, industrial development, business operations, etc. Hyderabad is a major jobs hub for nearly 5 million individuals from both Hyderabad and rural regions. Attracting individuals who are looking for a job. Therefore, during peak hours traffic congestion is evident. The study goal is to discover reasons and solutions for congestion. For them, we will conduct surveys, evaluate and attempt to provide the best alternatives to enhance effectiveness, customer comfort, and intersection and reduce accident danger. This study provides an assessment of paths beginning from the different directions of Qasim Chowk in terms of traffic quantity, traffic conditions at junctions, and people's traffic patterns. This type of case study can help enhance traffic conditions by implementing the easy alternative sand suggestions given in this report. Humanity Publications Department of Architecture and Planning, Shaheed Allah Buksh University of Art, Design and Heritages, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Department of Architecture and Planning, Shaheed Allah Buksh University of Art, Design and Heritages, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Department of Architecture and Planning, Shaheed Allah Buksh University of Art, Design and Heritages, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/a-comprehensive-traffic-volume-study-of-qasim-chowk-hyderabad-sindh-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-I).38 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:392802 2021-06-30 grr

Rehabilitation and Revitalization of Slum Area: A Case Study of Tower Market Hyderabad Hina Marvi Mehnaz Soomro Gopal Das Rehabilitation Slum Hyderabad Tower Market Sindh Slum improvement is viewed as an efficient way to combat urban poverty. Through the survey at Tower market Hyderabad,it is determined that the site which is chosen to be reported is severely damaged due to urban encroachment. This factor is influencing the legal area by illegal means, and the need to rehabilitate. Lack of monitoring and gradually increasing population plus migration and other growth rate factors are encouraging the urban encroachment which has become the reason for conversion of this site into a declared blight area. This reported work is the first research being done on this site highlighting the major issue of the area. The work is itself exposed to the betterment of the site by dragging the eyes of related departments and government sectors towards such major issues. Problems regarding encroachment, revitalization of houses, transportation and congestion issues, environmental approaches, etc. are being covered in this report mainly. Humanity Publications Department of Architecture and Planning, Shaheed Allah Buksh University of Art, Design, and Heritages, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Department of Architecture and Planning, Shaheed Allah Buksh University of Art, Design, and Heritages, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Department of City and Regional Planning, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/rehabilitation-and-revitalization-of-slum-area-a-case-study-of-tower-market-hyderabad https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).33 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:392803 2022-03-30 grr

Comparative Analysis of the Thermal Performance of a Traditional and a Contemporary House: A Case Study of Abbottabad City Sheikh Haris Iftikhar Adnan Anwar Mohsin Razzaq Energy Crisis Thermal Abbottabad Pakistan Air Condition Solar Due to the energy crisis and the high cost of building construction, the thermal efficiency of buildings is a matter of most concern nowadays. Different strategies, including design development, construction materials, and the installation of active systems inside the structures, may be used to address the thermal performance of the buildings. This study examines the thermal efficiency of both traditional and modern homes in Abbottabad, Pakistan, using energy-efficient design principles and construction techniques. Field surveys, interviews, and author analysis were used to collect the data. The case study buildings were chosen from among the city's typical passively cooled and air- conditioned structures. The study came to the conclusion that modern structures can use the solar passive feature used in traditional ones. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Architecture, Hazara University, Manshera, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Hazara University, Manshera, KP, Pakistan. Senior Architect, ArcoDesk, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/comparative-analysis-of-the-thermal-performance-of-a-traditional-and-a-contemporary-house-a-case-study-of-abbottabad-city https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-I).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:392804 2022-03-30 grr

Potential of Religious Tourism in District Mansehra with Special Reference to the Buddhist Heritage Abdul Hameed Anas Mahmud Arif Adnan Anwar Religious Tourism Buddhist Heritage Mansehra Stupa Monastery Conservation Promotion District Mansehra of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province is located in a very important strategic position. The district has been at crossroads since ancient times, thus welcoming and accommodating several dynasties with diverse cultural and religious backgrounds. The archaeological remains belonging to different religions recently reported from Mansehra have immense potential to attract religious pilgrims. Of these, the Buddhist heritage occupies the most important position. The Buddhist Heritage sites include stupas, monasteries, wells, water tanks, inscriptions, and paintings. With immense religious and architectural significance, these sacred sites have the potential to attract the Buddhist community from across the world. Promotion of these sites will enable the pilgrims to perform their religious rituals on the one hand and will uplift the living standard of local community on the other hand. The present research is an attempt to highlight the significance of the Buddhist sites reported during the archaeological survey in 2008. The research is based on the data collected by the senior author for his MPhil research. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Archaeology, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/potential-of-religious-tourism-in-district-mansehra-with-special-reference-to-the-buddhist-heritage https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-I).20 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:392805 2022-03-30 grr

Difficulties Faced by ESL Teachers in Teaching English to Visually Impaired Students Amna Zahra Ayesha Butt Maira Mariam ESL Teachers English Visually Impaired Students The purpose of the current study was to look into the difficulties faced by ESL instructors while teaching students with vision disabilities. The data was gathered through interviews with secondary-level ESL special education teachers of the English language. In special education schools in Lahore, Pakistan, the study was conducted. The study's target audience is ESL teachers in Lahore, Punjab,who work with pupils who have vision disabilities. Teachers of visually impaired pupils in secondary schools in Lahore made up the study's sample. The findings of the study revealed that teachers were having numerous difficulties in teaching students with vision disabilities, such as behavioral concerns,lesser attention span, lack of motivation, shortage of teaching resources, less family-supportive atmosphere to accomplish homework chores etc. Humanity Publications Research Scholar, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Lecturer, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/difficulties-faced-by-esl-teachers-in-teaching-english-to-visually-impaired-students https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-I).21 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:392806 2022-03-30 grr

Mapping Journalists' Perspectives on Peace Journalism in Pakistan: Evaluating News Media War and Peace Potential Sanan Waheed Khan Muhammad Bilal Nawaz Malik Adnan Peace Journalism Journalists' Roles Public Mobilizer Pakistan Journalism is entrusted with delivering high-quality information, not just for the truth but perhaps more significantly for peace. This research examines the role media plays in promoting peace,as shown by the personal experiences of media professionals. Research demonstrates that the media seems to have a vital role in encouraging positive peace by (1) educating viewers about the government's current plans and (2) promoting shows/programs that encourage positive peace, which connects citizens with their government. These rising themes demonstrate the usefulness of government media,via peace journalism, in promoting the public's interest in peace building. Peace can be instilled in the press and maintained if the government and media stay committed. The findings demonstrate that journalists are highly proactive and seek to utilize their positions to influence and engage the public. In this manner, journalists have a close relationship to the function of public organizers. Humanity Publications PhD Research Scholar, School of Communication, Faculty of Modern Languages and Communication University, Putra Malaysia, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia Assistant Professor, Department of Mass Communication, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Media Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/mapping-journalists-perspectives-on-peace-journalism-in-pakistan-evaluating-news-media-war-and-peace-potential https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-I).22 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:392807 2022-03-30 grr

SWOT Analysis Of Religious Tourism: A Case of Sikh Gurdwaras in Pakistan Faiqa Khilat Farah Jamil Beenish Mujahid Religious Tourism Gurdwaras Darbar Sahib Punja Sahib Rorri Sahib Janam Asthan Pakistan has a diverse variety of monumental buildings which includes mosques, tombs,shrines and Gurdwaras. Every year, thousands of Sikh pilgrims are attracted to their Gudrwaras to satisfy their religion which is located mostly in southern Punjab, Pakistan. These monumental Gurduwars reflect the Sikh culture and heritage in terms of religious tourist margins. These historical assets have firm potential that could serve for tourism development, conservation and preservation of these and thus moving toward sustainable solutions. The objective of this research is to analyze the strengths,weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Sikh religious tourism in Pakistan. The research methodology adopted for this research was qualitative and data was collected through formal interviews of officials of the Evaccu Trust Property Board (ETPB), Government of Pakistan. The results showed that Southern Punjab, Pakistan has a strong potential for religious tourism and if promoted can help in the socioeconomic development of a country. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, School of Architecture and Planning, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, School of Architecture and Planning, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, School of Architecture and Planning, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/swot-analysis-of-religious-tourism-a-case-of-sikh-gurdwaras-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-I).23 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:392941 2022-03-30 grr

Impact of Macroeconomic and Bank-Specific Factors on Liquidity of Commercial Banks in Pakistan Muhammad Mahmood Shah Khan Muhammad Zain ul Abidin Sheikh Khurram Abid Banking Sector Liquidity CAR Leverage Bank Size Pakistan Financial system stability has been gaining crucial consideration on both, national and international levels in terms of structural, institutional and macroeconomic aspects. Money as a medium of exchange and banks as an intermediary cannot be comprehended by visualizing a world without them. It can be observed that old modalities of the banking system have been replaced by many innovations in the new millennium. To evaluate the soundness and steadiness of a banking sector, it is considered imperative to associate the banking system with its liquidity position. Therefore, this research is conducted to determine the influence of bank-specific and macro environmental variables on commercial banks' liquidity in Pakistan. The data is taken from 20 commercial banks over the period2009 to 2018. Different panel data regression models are used. The study found that leverage (LEV) and capital adequacy ratio (CAR) have a negative but significant impact on the liquidity of the banks.Moreover, the exchange rate (FER) was found to have a positive and significant effect on the liquidity of commercial banks. Furthermore, there is insignificant relation between asset size (SIZE), government deficit financing (GDF) and inflation rate (INF) with the bank's liquidity. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Hasan Murad School of Management, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan. Lahore Business School, The University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. The University Of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/impact-of-macroeconomic-and-bankspecific-factors-on-liquidity-of-commercial-banks-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-I).24 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:393757 2022-03-30 grr

Assessing the Impact of Electronic Word of Mouth on Brands Switching Sanam Bhutto Hina Marvi Raj Kumar Brands Switching Social Media Electronic Word of Mouth The increasing amount of electronic word of mouth has significantly affected how consumers purchase. Customer behaviour known as "brand switching "gives them the opinion to select a product or service that best suits their needs. Individuals who are dynamic and relate to social media are free to comment on a good or service. With the rise of social commerce, has become an essential reference for users to make purchase decisions. A survey was conducted on a general audience, including both males and females, by using a questionnaire technique. A total of 199 respondents filled out the questionnaire. The result indicates that only one independent variable has been proved acceptable under the assumption: the other variables, brand image, brand attachment, and environmental effect comparative advertisement approved by the analysis. The study proves that electronic word of mouth plays a vital role in brand switching. Individuals who are dynamic and relate to the social network. Humanity Publications Department of Textile Design, Shaheed Allah Buksh University of Art, Design and Heritages, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Department of Architecture and Planning, Shaheed Allah Buksh University of Art, Design and Heritages, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Department of Architecture and Planning, Shaheed Allah Buksh University of Art, Design and Heritages, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/assessing-the-impact-of-electronic-word-of-mouth-on-brands-switching https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-I).25 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:393872 2022-03-30 grr

Comparative Analysis of Teaching Competencies of National Testing Services Selectees of Secondary School Teachers and Departmental Upgraded Secondary School Teachers in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan) Zahid Nabi Wazim Khan Muhammad Ayaz National Testing Services Departmental Upgraded SSTs New Emerging Trends in Teaching and Merged Area The attitude of teachers requires new consideration which can meet with the new emerging educational trends in this digitalised world. For this reason, the topic ''Comparative Analysis of Teaching Competencies of National Testing Services (NTS) selectees of Secondary School Teachers (SSTs) and Departmental Upgraded Secondary School Teachers in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan'' is investigated. The study sampled the District Education Officer (DEO) of eight districts, Bannu, Swabi, Swat, Mardan, Charsadda, Dera Ismail Khan, Nowshera and Lakki Marwat, of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and data is collected through Semi-structured Interviews. After the compilation of data and analysis in depth, it was revealed that upgraded SSTs are unable to meet the current teaching requirements of new emerging trends and recommended that all SSTs should be hired on a merit basis Through NTS for the perfection of the teaching profession at the secondary level. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Education, Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/comparative-analysis-of-teaching-competencies-of-national-testing-services-selectees-of-secondary-school-teachers-and-departmental-upgraded-secondary-school-teachers-in-khyber-pakhtunkhwa-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-I).26 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Conception and Misconceptions the Case of Structuralism in Architecture Ubaid Ullah Syed Mazhar Ali Shah Rabia Noureen Binary Pairs Human Thoughts Semiotics Structuralism Universal Structure Structuralism developed in linguistics and was transferred to numerous fields, like anthropology. Strauss searched for the underlying shared patterns of human thinking, the universal structures of thought. Secondly, the binary character of phonemes in language influenced him. The third aspect that influenced him was semiology, or semiotics the science of signs. This is called semiotic structuralism, where elements could change, but in such a way that the meaning is retained. Structuralism in architecture and planning appeared between 1928 and 1959. the earliest Structuralists Architect did not directly used the word Structuralism as it is used in linguistics and anthropology. Therefore, this paper aims to clarify the underlying concepts and interpretations of structuralism in a simple and concise manner. This study used a descriptive and explorative technique as research method. Interpretations and counter arguments were combined together to derive the true meaning and clarity of the subject topic under study. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Architecture, University of engineering & Technology Peshawar, Abbottabad Campus, KP, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, School of Architecture and Planning, University of Management & Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Master Student, Department of Architecture, University of engineering & Technology Peshawar, Abbottabad Campus, KP, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/conception-and-misconceptions-the-case-of-structuralism-in-architecture https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-I).27 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Faculty Preparedness to Adopt Technological Change during COVID-19 at Higher Education Samia Zaheer Saira Nudrat Farkhanda Tabassum Technology COVID-19 Higher Education Teachers Online Teaching The institution has been forced to close and shift from face-to-face teaching toward online teaching due to drastic changes in the shape of COVID-19. The teachers are at the forefront of the institution to successfully implement this technological transition. This study aimed to explore faculty preparedness to adopt online teaching based on gender. A total of 220 samples are drawn from a population of 1200 at public higher education institutions situated in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Readiness instruments were tested using Cronbach alpha reliability analysis. The accurate value measured by the Cronbach Alpha coefficient was 0.84. The study findings were, the level of preparedness in the context of performance Expectancy as high as the mean score was 3.41 level of preparedness in the context of Effort Expectancy was high as the means score was 3.68 level of social influence was at a medium level as the means score was 3.05 level of facilitating conditions and Hedonic Motivation was low as compared to other factors as mean scores shown 2.58 and 2.28 according to the gender base analysis, the overall study found no significant differences in the analysis. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/faculty-preparedness-to-adopt-technological-change-during-covid19-at-higher-education https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-I).28 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:395391 2019-03-30 grr

Navigating Dual Realities: An In-depth Look at Highly Educated Women in Prostitution Atifa Nasir Nazia Mashal Feminist Perspective High Education Pakistan Prostitution Women This research investigates the factors driving highly educated women into prostitution and examines the impact of this profession on their lives. Using a qualitative methodology, five in-depth interviews were conducted with women holding master’s degrees or professional qualifications, including MBBS, who have worked as prostitutes for over two years. The study reveals that while prostitution offers benefits such as flexible working hours and client autonomy, it leads to significant socio-cultural and economic consequences. These women experience social isolation, emotional desolation, and cultural stigma, even if they are above the poverty line. The research underscores the lack of societal and policy understanding of the complex factors contributing to prostitution, which remains a taboo subject shaped by male-centered narratives. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Gender and Women Studies, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. MSc Student, Department of Gender and Women Studies, Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/navigating-dual-realities-an-indepth-look-at-highly-educated-women-in-prostitution https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).57 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Exploring the Impact of Leadership Styles on Professional Commitment in the Workplace Shabnam Razzaq Khan Zulfiqar Khan Azmat Ali Shah Leadership Styles Professional Commitment LECTURERS Physical Education Principal HOI The researchers set out to discover the interplay between various leadership styles. All of the participants were PE instructors from public schools in the Punjab area of Pakistan. There were 207 male teachers and 177 female teachers (PE). Data was recorded using hand-made scales. Inferential and descriptive statistics worked together to get the outcome. On the other hand, research showed that PE teachers' professional dedication suffered under a "laissez-faire" leadership style. When asked about the opinions of college PE teachers, the researcher concluded that transactional leadership was the most prevalent and effective type. A college-level organizational commitment may result from physical education instructors receiving new information and skills from the school's principal or head. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Institute of Education and Research, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Political Science, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/exploring-the-impact-of-leadership-styles-on-professional-commitment-in-the-workplace https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-I).29 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Federally Administered Tribal Area (FATA) of Pakistan: Study of a Special Model of Governance Maryam Shahid Iftikhar Ahmad Khan Mehnaz Begum FATA Frontier Crimes Regulation AACPR governance human rights Pakistan counterterrorism The Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) of Pakistan, governed under the Frontier Crimes Regulation (FCR), has long been a focal point of the country’s legal and political strategies to address insurgency and extremism. The FCR, which excluded the region from ordinary judicial and administrative systems, led to significant legal and human rights issues. In 2011, the government introduced the Actions in Aid of Civil Power Regulation (AACPR), altering the legal framework with new methods to combat militancy. However, these measures often conflict with constitutional rights, raising concerns among human rights advocates. This article explores the history of governance in FATA, from the FCR to the AACPR, analyzing their impact on human rights and governance. It examines how these legislative frameworks affect the region’s alignment with international human rights standards, highlighting their broader implications on governance and legal reform in the region. Humanity Publications Researcher, LLM Student, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Shariah and Law, Islamia College University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Sharia and Law, Islamia College Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/federally-administered-tribal-area-fata-of-pakistan-study-of-a-special-model-of-governance https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).34 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:395822 2016-12-30 grr

Temporal Change Study and its Consequent impact on economic, socio-economic and demographic conditions of Indus Delta Gohar Ali Mahar Sujomal Meghwar Muhammad Ibrahim Junejo Indus Delta Satellite Images Water Geomorphology Indus River A study has been conducted on the Indus delta to evaluate the environmental degradation and spatially geomorphic change occurred over the region in last three to four decades. Based on the results, it has been identified that i) the coastline is rapidly receding; ii) creeks’ network are enlarging ; iii) tidally influenced areas are rapidly encroaching;  v) river morphology is being changed. During the last three decades, it has been observed that the enormous water divergence of Indus river system in the upstream areas have tremendously depleted the water-flow and the sediment discharges to downstream areas particularly into the delta region resulting in the deterioration of deltaic environment, ecosystem, geomorphology and consequently causing the socioeconomic crises in the area. Study also found that overall delta degradation has severely affected the agriculture activities of the deltaic region, resulting in the decreasing in cultivated land, production and yield of the crops. Humanity Publications Assistant professor, Department of Geography, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Sciences and Technology, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Sindh, Pakistan. Lecturer, Government Degree College Kali Mori , Hyderabad., Sindh, Pakistan 2016-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/temporal-change-study-and-its-consequent-impact-on-economic-socioeconomic-and-demographic-conditions-of-indus-delta https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(I-I).26 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 1, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Linguistic Landscape of Urban Spaces: Visual Language, Power, and Cultural Dynamics in Public Signage Irfan Ullah Mahnoor Akbar Linguistic Landscape; Urban Multilingualism; Geosemiotics; Public Signage; Language Ideology; Globalization; Identity and Belonging The paper examines the linguistic landscape of urban environments by analyzing conspicuous textual artifacts, especially the way in which language and script patterns mirror social and cultural practices. The number of signs used in the corpus was 300 photographs taken across four neighborhoods, namely commercial, residential, market, and tourist. The analysis covers aspects such as language choice, authorship (top-down vs bottom-up), communicative role, translation practice, and visual salience. The results reveal that bilingual signage is the most prevalent, and the visibility of language differs greatly by district. English is used in business and tourist zones, which are associated with prestige and modernity, whereas local languages are used in market zones, with informal signs and little translations, indicating locality. Through qualitative geosemiotic analysis, it becomes apparent that typography and design have power-based effects and identity in urban space. Finally, the language landscape portrays more massive themes of power, identity, and globalization. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. BS Graduate, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-linguistic-landscape-of-urban-spaces-visual-language-power-and-cultural-dynamics-in-public-signage https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-I).30 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Analysis of the Relationship Between Teacher Training Workshop and Assessment Skills of Teachers Teaching at Federal Government Educational Institutions at Kharian Region Muhammad Naveed Khalid Muhammad Akram Shakir Shehzad Ahmed Assessment Evaluation Teacher Training Workshop Observations Effectiveness The prime objective of the study was to explore the relationship between teacher training workshops and assessment skills of teachers teaching at federal government educational institutions in Kharian region. It was descriptive research with the nature of the survey design. Five points Likert scale instrument was developed by the researcher himself. Data was personally retrieved from participants of the teacher training workshop. There were two research objectives, 1. Explore the extent of the relationship of a teacher training workshop with assessment skills FGEIs’ teachers teaching at Kharian Region. To find out the nature of teacher training workshop and assessment skills of FGEIs’ teacher teaching at Kharian Region. Data was analyzed through SPSS with descriptive as well as inferential statistical tests. Eighty-two percent of respondents debunked that workshop enhanced their ability to select the best and latest assessment strategy for measuring students learning. It is recommended that it may be replicated and monitored with wee intentioned mode. Humanity Publications Resource Person, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Principal, FGEIs Cantt Garrison, Kharian Cantonment, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Faculty of Education, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/analysis-of-the-relationship-between-teacher-training-workshop-and-assessment-skills-of-teachers-teaching-at-federal-government-educational-institution https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Analysis of Audiences' uses and Gratifications in the Selected Pakistani Urdu Films Qaisar Khan Sher Akbar Javeria Zafar Lollywood Hegemony Identity Nationalism Patriarchy This exploratory study unfolds Socio-psychological problems, and their impacts on youth through post-2000. Four Pakistani selected Urdu films as Shoaib Mansoor's Bol (2011), Jilani’s Chambaili(2013), Khuda Kay Liye (2007), and Bilal Lashari’s Waar (2013). The study locates these films in their broader frame of socio-psychological dynamics to grapple with the production of gender relations along with the articulation of identity. Furthermore, the study vigorously tends to disclose consumption effects and influences of identity, entertainment, socialization, surveillance, and cinematic techniques observed in the films by Pakistani youth in fulfilling their desires of gratification. This study uses quantitative research methods by applying a Cross-sectional survey approach. The convenient sampling was used to sample size N=371 among the population of the capital city of Islamabad. It was found that Pakistani youth broadly identify themselves with the national identity depicted in the films.The cinematic techniques used for the production of socialization gratified youth to some extent. The study recommends that the national film Industry should come up with socio-political realities-based cultural productions. Humanity Publications Senior Assistant Professor, Department of Arts and Media Foundation University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan. Bahria University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/analysis-of-audiences-uses-and-gratifications-in-the-selected-pakistani-urdu-films https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Rejection of Plaint in the Light of Precedents of Superior Courts of Pakistan Usman Asghar Shaukat Hussain Bhatti Sheikh Muhammad Adnan Valuation of the suit Dismissal of the plaint Point of reference This article delineates the dismissal of the plaint under Rule 11 Order VII, Civil Code Procedure (1908) as applied by the Superior Courts of Pakistan. The different general standards, for example, the inclination of the rightness of plaint. The valuation of the suits for court charge and locale,the obligation of the Court staff qua valuation, and prudence of the court to expand fixed time combined with various auxiliary viewpoints have likewise been examined. The most significant and summoned ground for dismissal of plaint-'banned by law' has been explained with representations zeroing in on the undertone of law and recognizing dismissal of the plaint and excusal of the suit. From there on, the outcomes of the dismissal of plaint and cures there against have additionally been brought getting looked at. The furthest point of this article closes the entire conversation. Humanity Publications Ph.D Law Candidate,TIMES Institute Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor-Law, TIMES Institute Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor-Law, TIMES Institute Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/rejection-of-plaint-in-the-light-of-precedents-of-superior-courts-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Building Hope and Optimism Through Language: A Sociocultural Perspective Urwah Tul Wusqua Khalid Tazanfal Tehseem Noman Khalid Hope Optimism Proverbs Cultural Significance This research highlights the use of social proverbs as cultural signs in society that help in building hope and optimism expressed through language. Proverbs related to society represent social life, including life perspectives, experiences, and standards of behavior, and the purpose of this research paper is to build a relation of social proverbs as the language of hope to culture. For the present research, Bakhtinian semiotic theory is used as a theoretical framework opted from Voloshinov’s essay Marxism and the philosophy of language (1986), which deals with speech utterances and ideological signs that functions like language in society. In the Bakhtin Circle, ideology is defined as the entirety of social and natural truth refraction and reflection in the cognitive system, which is highly impacted by views, values, and belief systems originating from the mental process of culture. As ideological indicators contain the underlying structure's substance and ideological cues are social signals in this manner, and awareness emerges from the substance of ideological symbols. The complexity, which takes the form of social sayings, enters people's minds and shapes their thoughts; theoretical ethnic notions are turned into realistic perceptions and behaviors that allow civilization to survive. Humanity Publications Research Scholar, Department of English, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of English, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan Research Scholar, Department of English, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/building-hope-and-optimism-through-language-a-sociocultural-perspective https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Foreign Direct Investment in Telecommunications Sector of Pakistan: A Determinative Approach Babar Ali Nagina Gul Saba Aziz Foreign Direct Investment Telecommunications Sector Determinative Approach Foreign direct investment and telecommunications development are essential for the economic development of a country. Pakistan, although being an underdeveloped country, has managed to excel in the telecommunications sector by manifold since 2001. An increasing number of telephony and cellular subscribers along with the broadband and 3G/4G users, have created an enchanting market for foreign investors. The purpose of this study is to explain the casual relationship between foreign direct investment and economic factors that attract FDI in Pakistan. Among the many economic factors here is telecom infrastructure, market size and trade openness, whereas FDI is taken as the dependent variable. A time series analysis is carried out to determine the growth trend while an ordinary least square test is applied to determine the coefficient of correlation between the variables.The result of the study specifies a positive relationship is observed between the per capita GDP and openness to trade and influx of FDI. Humanity Publications Ph.D Scholar of Management Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS) Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor of Management Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS) Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Ph.D Scholar of Management Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS) Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/foreign-direct-investment-in-telecommunications-sector-of-pakistan-a-determinative-approach https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Impact of Instagram on Psychological Well-being and Body Image of Female University Students Noor Ul Ain Nasir Aleena Ayub Muhammad Sumair Ahmad Well-being Instagram Psychological Disorder Cultivation Theory This research study aimed to understand the impact of Instagram usage on the psychological well-being and body image of female university students. In this study, a survey questionnaire was used for data. A sample of 150 female university students was selected through convenience sampling from the University of Management and Technology. The sample was equally divided among three academic programs offered in UMT e.g., BS, MA and MPhil. Moreover, cultivation theory was employed to provide a theoretical framework for a better understanding of the phenomenon and to explain the results.Findings suggested that the use of Instagram is the major cause of serious psychological issues in female university students and increased dissatisfaction among the female students regarding their own bodies. However, findings further suggest that the impact of Instagram was higher among those who spend more time on social media. Humanity Publications Lecturer in School of Media and Communication Studies, University of UMT, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. BS Scholar, School of Media and Communication Studies, University of UMT, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer in School of Media and Communication Studies, University of UMT, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/impact-of-instagram-on-psychological-wellbeing-and-body-image-of-female-university-students https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Exploring the Impact of Online Learning on Youngsters during Covid-19: From the Knowledge Gap Theory Perspective Ishrat Fatima Aasima Safdar Online Learning Productivity Quality of Knowledge Knowledge Gap The sudden emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic caused panic and anxiety among students all over the world. The education institutions were among many that had suffered significant damage as a result of the pandemic. Following the closure of educational institutes, it was a challenging moment for professional education, which was combated by the development of Digital-learning via online classrooms to assure the students' continued participation in the teaching-learning process. The purpose of this study is to see how effective online education is compared to traditional classroom education among university students. A quantitative survey of university students was conducted. This study included 300 students in total. The students were given a questionnaire with 30 questions to rate the efficiency of online learning through e-classes as well as their grasp of online communication.Online classes were proven to be less successful than traditional learning approaches. This manner of education was deemed unsatisfactory by the respondents. It is possible to infer that while e-education can augment the current educational process, it cannot completely replace it. Humanity Publications MPhil, Department of Communication Studies, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Communication Studies, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/exploring-the-impact-of-online-learning-on-youngsters-during-covid19-from-the-knowledge-gap-theory-perspective https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Comparative Analysis of the Editorial Treatment of Arab Israel Relation in US, Pakistan and Iran Press Sumaira Yasmeen Ashraf Iqbal Sana Haroon Israel Recognition Newspapers Editorials Arab-Israel Relations Arab- Israel Conflict The principal ulterior motive of this research was to break down the essential content of news editorials considering the details of Arab- Israel relations by a different newspaper. This circumstantial research appraised how much and in which direction diligence was paid to Arab- Israel relations news in the editorial of these newspapers. To delve into the status of Arab- Israel relations in the editorials of elite newspapers, content dissection was conducted. Two theories, the first agenda-setting theory and the second framing theory, were taken as a frame of current research. The determination of detailed results of this study concluded that most of the newspaper contents bounced on the Arab- Israel conflict/crisis and Israel latterly a pperception by Arabs that were highly addressed in the given time period. Conclusion of the quarter editorials summed up the multiple viewpoints. 2/3 of all editorials altercate the nonscientific affirmation. Tehran times had content that was contemptible of scientific affirmation. On the other hand, "The Washington Post" showed more addiction to focus the Arab- Israel relations. Humanity Publications MPhil. Scholar, Department of Mass Communication, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. In charge, Department of Mass Communication, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Mass Communication, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/a-comparative-analysis-of-the-editorial-treatment-of-arab-israel-relation-in-us-pakistan-and-iran-press https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Comparison between Control and Experimental Group in Order to Enhance the Instructional Leadership Traits of Teachers through Teaching Training Muhammad Bilal Tariq Mahmood Khan Muhammad Naveed Jabbar Teaching Training; Instructional Leadership Traits; Teaching Faculty The major objective of this research was to investigate the effects of teacher training in developing instructional leadership traits of teachers. For this study, pre and post-experimental research designs were administered. The study population consists of public secondary school teachers in Punjab. The sample selected 216 respondents from four districts (Sialkot=45, Hafizabad=56,Gijranwala=61 and Mandi Bahauddin=54) through a random sampling technique. It used a self-administered scale while data were collected twice from the participants before and after the intervention of three hours. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences was computed to analyze the research questions proposed in this study. The findings revealed that there was a significant difference between the control and experimental group of the respondents in order to enhance the instructional leadership traits by teaching training. Moreover, there was also a significant difference found between control and experiment groups of science and art teachers. This research is beneficial in developing the instructional leadership traits of the teachers through teaching training. Humanity Publications M.Phil Scholar, Department of Education, Leadership and Management Superior University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Professor, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Head of the Department of Education, National College of Business Administration and Economics, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/comparison-between-control-and-experimental-group-in-order-to-enhance-the-instructional-leadership-traits-of-teachers-through-teaching-training https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Review of the Emergence and Popularity of Tehreek-e-Taliban Swat Shafqat Rasool Sultan Mubariz Khan Tahreek-e-Taliban Swat (TTS) Ideology Massive Support Augmentation Factors Tehreek-e-Taliban Swat (TTS) emerged as a formidable challenge for the Pakistani administration in Swat. It was able to launch a successful insurgency in Swat within a very short period.It was very surprising for the political observers that insurgency got considerable public support in a limited period. TTS touched the climax of strength when it was able to get administrative control of the Swat area. The leadership of TTS used modern tools and tactics i.e. FM radio to propagate its program.A private militia (Shaheen Force) was also organized to launch the armed struggle. Local police and Frontier Constabulary (FC) became ineffective in maintaining the administrative control of the Government of Pakistan. The study investigates how TTS was able to become so powerful in Swat. It isan analysis of the factors responsible for the rise and augmentation of TTS under the leadership of Fazalullah. The purpose of the study is to develop a scholarly understanding of the ideological foundation and strategy of TTS. This study is explanatory in its nature. The explanation is based upon the qualitative interpretation of the actions, policies, and strategies adopted by the leadership of TTS. Humanity Publications PhD. Scholar, Department of Political Science and IR, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science and IR, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/a-review-of-the-emergence-and-popularity-of-tehreeketaliban-swat https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Teachers' Empowerment and Organisational Commitment: A Perceived Perspective of Secondary School Teachers in Punjab Noor Mohammad Sajid Mahmood Sajid Muhammad Jamil Teachers' Empowerment Organizational Commitment Secondary School Teachers This paper deemed a purpose to navigate the perception and to investigate the relationship between public secondary school teachers' empowerment and their organizational commitment. The secondary teachers of Punjab province working at public schools were the population of the study. The sample size was 1200 teachers who were selected randomly from the Punjab secondary school. 1103 teachers sent back filled questionnaires that were a reasonable return rate of 92 percent. The mean, frequency and Pearson correlation were the statistical techniques used to analyze data. The findings of the study showed that teachers of secondary education perceived empowerment along with organizational commitment. Both the variables also had a strong positive correlation. So, it was recommended that teachers' empowerment and organizational commitment should be included in the training. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan Ph. D (Graduate), IER, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, GC Women University Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/teachers-empowerment-and-organisational-commitment-a-perceived-perspective-of-secondary-school-teachers-in-punjab https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Analysis of the Protection of Women Act, 2006 Basharat Ullah Fakhrul Islam Zina Bil Jabr (Rape) Rajm (stoning to death) Lian The study focuses on the Protection women Act, 2006. There are two perceptions about the PWA. The first perception is that this Act is compatible with Quran and Sunnah. The second opinion is that this Act is completely against Islam. In the view of the researcher, both opinions are not correct.Many provisions of this amendment act are correct, and these modifications are required to comply with the rules of Islamic law. On the other hand, a few clauses of this amendment act are objectionable.In this article, an analysis has been made of both positive and negative aspects of PWA. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Pakistan Study Centre, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan Director, Pakistan Study Centre, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/analysis-of-the-protection-of-women-act-2006 https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Role of Media in Narrative Building: A Case of Pakistan-India Relations Muhammad Arif Khan Shahnawaz Muhammad Khan Iltaf Khan Media Narrative Building Pakistan India Relations Media shapes the mind of the people but also creates the perception that they wanted people to build. In other words, we can say that media controls the minds of the people and work it accordingly as it wants to. Besides getting people informed about what is going on around the world, the media also show things that are in their favor and can also give them ratings and circulation. There is no better illustration than the India-Pakistan relationship is something that is a crucial matter, and the media acts according to how the situation is and is not act restricted in any term. The role of the media has been progressive in both India and Pakistan, distinguishing the quality of the media. The qualitative research focuses on the critical part of media that has been playing in the Indo-Pak relations since their inception. During the study, different past published researches have been analyzed, and it is found that the important role of media cannot be underestimated. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Federal Urdu University of Arts Science and Technology, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Federal Urdu University of Arts Science and Technology, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan Subject Specialist in Pakistan Study, Elementary and Secondary Education Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/role-of-media-in-narrative-building-a-case-of-pakistanindia-relations https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Impact of Parent's Education and Involvement on Children's Academic Performance in District Vehari Gulshan Fatima Alvi Sumaira Munawar Mahwish Safdar Parent's Education Involvement Children Academic Performance The present research aims to explore the effect of parental involvement on the academic achievement of their children. The objective of the research study was to analyze the impact of parental involvement on their children's education. The study was quantitative in nature. There are 150 private primary schools in Tehsil Bure Wala District Vehari Punjab, Pakistan. Four schools were designated with the help of simple random sampling. A questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection.Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the data. During the data analysis procedure, it was originated that parental involvement has a significant effect on the better academic performance of their children. The research study evidenced that parental involvement boosted the academic achievement of their children. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Lahore Leads University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Lahore Leads University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Lahore Leads University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/impact-of-parents-education-and-involvement-on-childrens-academic-performance-in-district-vehari https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Trainee's Motivation to Transfer has Moderating Effect on the Relationship of Trainees Learning and Trainee's Behaviour in Social Enterprises of Pakistan Shahid Ali Muhammad Tufail Samra Kiran Trainees' Learning Trainees' Behavior Trainees Motivation to Transfer Social Enterprises Skill Certification Training Trainees' learning from training is an important factor for behavior change of the trainees.The current study's aim is to investigate the relationship between trainees' learning and trainee behavior in social enterprises operating in Pakistan. The study further investigates the moderating influence of trainees' motivation to transfer in the relationship amid trainees' learning and trainees' behavior. The questionnaires adopted relevant to variables were distributed among skill certification training program trainees of social enterprises in the cities ranked in the world entrepreneurship index-2018, including Lahore, Karachi, Peshawar and Islamabad. A total of 394 responses to the completed survey questionnaire were received at two-time intervals. Different statistical tools, including Structure equation modelling (SEM) and others, were utilized on the collected data. The study found a significant relationship between trainees' learning and behavior, levels two and three of the Kirkpatrick model.However, the results did not support the second hypothesis of the moderating influence of trainees' motivation to transfer in the relationship between trainees' learning and trainees' behavior in social enterprises of Pakistan. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Institute of business studies and Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Institute of business studies and Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/trainees-motivation-to-transfer-has-moderating-effect-on-the-relationship-of-trainees-learning-and-trainees-behaviour-in-social-enterprises-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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History, Architecture and Tourism Prospects of the Sharda Temple in Neelum Valley, Pakistan: An Appraisal Junaid Ahmad Anas Mahmud Arif Adnan Anwar Hindu Temple Stone Temples of Kashmir Sharada Ancient Architecture Neelum Valley Tourism The Sharda Village in remote retreats of Neelum Valley, or initially, the Valley of Kishan Ganga, has a ruined structure. Though it is locally known as an old educational center (a University),according to scholars, it is a Kashmir-style stone temple dedicated to the Sharda goddess. Such temples have been in style from the 5th to 10th century CE. The current study is aimed to assign the date to thetemple through a comparative analysis of its structural remains and highlight some of the tourism prospects associated with this monument. Data for this research was collected through field surveys,group discussions with the local community and secondary sources. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Archaeology, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/history-architecture-and-tourism-prospects-of-the-sharda-temple-in-neelum-valley-pakistan-an-appraisal https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Comparison of Students' Learning through Face-to-Face and Online Classes during Covid-19 Muhammad Abbas Muhammad Pervaiz Farheen Malik Online Learning Teachers Students Perception The study intends to find out how university teachers and students perceive students' learning in online and face-to-face classrooms. The study's participants were all university of Sargodha faculty and students. The data were collected from 15 teachers and 60 students of three selected departments of the University of Sargodha through two separate online interview schedules. It was concluded that the majority of the teachers and students were less satisfied with online learning as compared to face-to-face learning. They highlighted some serious challenges which they faced during online classes, i.e., communication gap between teacher and students, lack of internet connectivity, lack of student environment, lack of timing, difficulty in monitoring and controlling students' behavior,background distraction and difficulties in the assessment of students. However, the students and teachers supported that online education should be adopted in future after addressing it in the curriculum properly and coping with technology and internet problems. The study will provide empirical evidence to the higher education commission (HEC) and university authorities for the improvement of curriculum and provision of proper facilities for online learning. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, University of Education, Township Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan Campus, Punjab, Pakistan PhD Scholar, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/comparison-of-students-learning-through-facetoface-and-online-classes-during-covid19 https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Primary Students' Online Learning During Covid-19 Pandemic: Perspective of Mothers Maman Sharjeel Yaar Muhammad Yasira Waqar Online Learning Primary School; Parental Involvement; Covid-19; Pandemic; Qualitative Research This study aims to explore parental involvement in primary students' online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study used a phenomenological qualitative research design. A purposive sampling technique was used to collect data, and nine mothers whose children were studying online participated in the study. Thematic analysis revealed that shifting from regular learning to online learning was not easy. Mothers mentioned that they did not find online learning effective for primary students. They were of the view that online learning was not catering to their children's intellectual and social development needs. The managing of children's schedules was demanding, and mothers had to change their routines. Creating a proper learning environment for children was another challenge.Participants shared some suggestions to improve online learning. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Government College University for Women, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Syed Ahsan Ali and Syed Maratib Ali School of Education, LUMS, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/primary-students-online-learning-during-covid19-pandemic-perspective-of-mothers https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Editorial Coverage on Climate Change in Context of Other Emerging Environmental Issues: A Comparative Analysis of English and Urdu Print Media of Pakistan Faraz Ahmad Barri Muhammad Shahzad Climate Change Emerging Environmental Issues Editorial Coverage Print Media. This study explores the editorial coverage of climate change in terms of increasing unpredictable changes in weather conditions and its associated problems in Pakistan. The main focus of the researcher is to analyze the editorial coverage on the issue of Climate Change in Pakistani print media. For this, primary data have been collected from editorials published in two renowned newspapers of Pakistan, the Daily Dawn and the Daily Jang, from the year 2018 to 2019. Results showed that the Daily Jang had given more coverage to the emerging environmental issues than the Daily Dawn during a particular time. But when it comes to a specific environmental issue like Climate Change, the Daily Dawn has given more coverage to the said issue as compared to its counterpart. An exploratory quantitative research paradigm is used to perform content analysis. The research aims to sensitise all concerned stakeholders in making environment-friendly policies for the well-being of the public. Humanity Publications Ph. D Scholar, Department of Media Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur/Lecturer in Journalism, Department of Higher Education, Pakistan. Professor of Media Studies, Department of Media Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-editorial-coverage-on-climate-change-in-context-of-other-emerging-environmental-issues-a-comparative-analysis-of-english-and-urdu-print-media-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).20 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Linkages between Indigenous Knowledge and the Flood Vulnerability in KP, Pakistan Abdul Razzaq Khan Indigenous Knowledge Flood Vulnerability Charsadda KP Pakistan The present study investigated the use of indigenous knowledge to reduce disaster vulnerability in the district of Charsadda, KP, Pakistan. There are two spells of the rainy season in a year in the study area which caused floods, one in winter and the other in August, the peaked summer rainfall. These floods highly affect the agriculture sector and physical infrastructure in the area. Along with modern techniques, people have the capability to predict through their indigenous knowledge about these floods. The 84 respondents were selected from two village councils by using the multistage sampling technique. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected for the study. A semi-structured questionnaire was designed for quantitative data and focused group discussion for qualitative data. In the study area, people rely on their own knowledge rather than any government announcement because of its cost-effectiveness and easy management for them. Humanity Publications PhD, Program of Development Studies, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/linkages-between-indigenous-knowledge-and-the-flood-vulnerability-in-kp-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).21 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Impact of Tourism in Districts of Malakand Division (Swat, Dir, Chitral, Buner, Shangla, Malakand), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: Interviews Narrative of Local People Naila Alam Zahid Anwar Farmanullah Tourism Malakand Division Malakand Swat Dir Chitral Buner Shangla Gandhara Development Tourism is a multifaceted industry that is more common in the developed world. Pakistanis located in South Asia, where the tourism industry needs a significant attention. The current study was conducted in 2021 to capture the impact of tourism in Malakand, Swat, Dir, Chitral, Buner and Shangla districts. The study is based on a mixed study method; quantitative data were collected by questionnaire with a sample size of 400 respondents from tourist spots in Malakand, Swat, Dir, Chitral, Shangla and Buner districts of Malakand Division. For the qualitative analysis, a total of 40 interviews with local people were conducted. Convenience sampling was used. The results highlighted the positive effects of tourism in the Malakand Division, which consist of boosting businesses, promoting education, raising awareness, promoting society, creating employment opportunities and promoting a healthy image of the country. Adequate attention is still lacking to develop the tourism industry for economic benefit and to further project Pakistan's healthy image internationally. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Pakistan Study Centre, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Director, China Study Centre, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Pakistan Study Centre, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/impact-of-tourism-in-districts-of-malakand-division-swat-dir-chitral-buner-shangla-malakand-khyber-pakhtunkhwa-pakistan-interviews-narrative-of-local-people https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).22 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Observation of Early Childhood Pedagogical Practices in Public Primary Schools Muhammad Naveed Khalid Farah Shafiq Mushtaq Ahmad Early Childhood Practices Observation Public and Privates Schools The study was conducted to explore the early childhood pedagogical practices in public schools. The study was exploratory, and the population of the study was all the ECE teachers of private primary schools in four districts of the Sargodha Division, i.e. Sargodha, Khushab, Mianwali and Bhakkar. A total of 102 ECE schools in four districts of the Sargodha division were selected through convenience sampling, including 23 male and 79 female ECE teachers. An observation Schedule for ECE pedagogical practices was developed and validated through experts' opinions. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to analyze the data. Major conclusions were that majority of ECE teachers were practicing a good level of pedagogical practices, whereas male and female ECE teachers were equivalent in ECE pedagogical practices. It is recommended that Educational authorities may strictly implement and supervise the public schools' policy of ECE students' healthy social and emotional development through "Maar nahi Piyar". Humanity Publications Resource Person, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Division of Education, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/observation-of-early-childhood-pedagogical-practices-in-public-primary-schools https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).23 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Comparative Study of the Education Department of Pakistan with other Departments of the State: A Case Study of School and College Teachers Juliyana Usman Wachani Itrat Batool Nazia Aman For the growth of any nation education plays a significant role. Thus the role of a teacher is paramount for running a smooth and active system of education. Jurists lawyers legislators and Engine For the growth of any nation, education plays a significant role. Thus the role of a teacher is paramount for running a smooth and active system of education. Jurists, lawyers, legislators, and Engineers. Businessmen, doctors and members of all other professions are the products of the teaching profession. In the guiding principles of the state, the founder of Pakistan has declared education a matter of death and life. But Pakistani society is reluctant to give dignity and honor to the teacher. This research paper aims to know the reasons for the low status of the teacher with respect to honor and facilities as compared to the employees of other departments and to draw the attention of the approachable class to redress this issue. Thus a questionnaire has been framed for 30 mixed males and females having education of M.A, M.Phil. and PhD. The research method is qualitative. Humanity Publications Lecturer Political Science, Raunaq e Islam Government College For Women, Kharadar Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Lecturer Islamic History, Raunaq e Islam Government College For Women, Kharadar Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan PhD Scholar, Department of Education, University of Karachi, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/comparative-study-of-the-education-department-of-pakistan-with-other-departments-of-the-state-a-case-study-of-school-and-college-teachers https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).24 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Technical and Vocational Educational Programs: Investigating the Effect on Poverty Reduction Muhammad Hassan Zahida Habib Muhammad Shahid Zulfiqar Ali Technical Education Vocational Education Poverty Reduction This study has been conducted to investigate the effect of the T and VE on Poverty Reduction.This was a Quantitative study conducted under the Positivist paradigm. The graduates of the 3-yearsDAE in Electrical and Mechanical programs and the graduates of 1-year Machinist and Computer Certification were selected with Cluster Sampling. It was decided to select 25 percent of the population as the sample for the study. In this way, there were 400 graduates who were selected for the study as a sample.There were 400 graduates from each institute. So, one institute was selected randomly to take an adequate sample size. The data was collected with a closed-ended questionnaire comprising 50 items under 6 factors. Based on the results, it is concluded that a significantly strong effect of T and VE is found on Poverty Reduction Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Associate Professor, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Visiting Lecturer, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/technical-and-vocational-educational-programs-investigating-the-effect-on-poverty-reduction https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).25 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Evaluation of ICT Use in Teaching Learning Process at Secondary Level Tehreem khan Qaisara Parveen M. Imran Yousuf Innovative Technology Pedagogical Techniques Technological Education Students now have quick information availability, study materials, as well an enjoyable chance to put whatever they've learned. It allows pupils to learn about new disciplines and increase their understanding of important issues. The study's main goals focus on secondary schools' ICT use in the teaching and learning process and the factors that affect it. The current study used quantitative analysis of data and is a descriptive survey type of study. All of the secondary school teachers in Rawalpindi city made up the study's population. Rawalpindi city serves as the study's target population.200 secondary school teachers were chosen as the sample from the target population. The questionnaire was used to collect the data from the respondents. It was concluded that ICT affects the learning of the students in their classroom. According to the study's findings, teaching staff are passionate about by means of ICT technologies in the teaching and learning process. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of Education, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan Associate Professor, Department of Education, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Education, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/evaluation-of-ict-use-in-teaching-learning-process-at-secondary-level https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).26 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Exploring In-Betweenness after the Loss of Transcendental Signifier and Reversal of Binary Roles in Anton Chekov's The Cherry Orchard Irum Iqbal Ahmad Naeem Muhammad Mahmood Ahmad Shaheen Chekov Orchard Transcendental Signifier Binaries In-Betweenness This paper aims to apply Derridean deconstructionism to Anton Chekov's The CherryOrchard to explore the emergence of new possibilities in the in-between space due to the loss of Transcendental signifiers and the reversal of binary roles. Derrida presents a universe wherein the Transcendental Signifier is lost, and the world is freed of a binaries-based signification system.Consequently, the area between binaries becomes the space where the polarity of binaries disintegrates. The in-between area suggests new possibilities emerging from the collapse of polarization. The worldview portrayed by Chekov in the play hinges on the in-between area where new possibilities emerge in the absence of a Transcendental Signifier. Orchard works as a TranscendentalSignifier in the text, but with its sale, the orchard loses its place as a value-giving entity. So, the play proceeds in the deconstructed world where the Transcendental Signifier is lost, and the polar conformity of binaries merges into each other in the in-betweenness. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Government Associate College for Women, Bhakkar, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English Language and Literature, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government Sadiq Egerton Graduate College, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/exploring-inbetweenness-after-the-loss-of-transcendental-signifier-and-reversal-of-binary-roles-in-anton-chekovs-the-cherry-orchard- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).27 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Perceptions of Minority Students Regarding Job Opportunities Sarfraz Ali Zobia Kanwal Muhammad Mukhtyar Minority Students Job Opportunities Perceptions Workplace Religious Minorities The purpose of the present qualitative research work was to investigate the perceptions of minority students about job availing opportunities and difficulties faced by them at workplaces and in accessing social facilities. A sample size of 20 respondents comprising Christians, Ahmad is, Hindus and Sikhs were interviewed. After thematic analysis, the findings revealed that people in this society socially exclude religious minorities from the mainstream of society only because of their religion. Minorities do not have equal employment opportunities. People avoid interacting with religious minorities because they were regarded as untouchable. The government places the least importance on ensuring the safety of religious minorities. At the end the of research, it was suggested that little exposure has been witnessed in terms of academic research on the perspectives of minorities, especially the students. that is why wider academic research should be carried out at the university level. Humanity Publications MPhil (ELM) Scholar, The Superior College Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer Education, The Superior College Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer Physics, Divisional Public School, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/perceptions-of-minority-students-regarding-job-opportunities https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).28 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Comparative Analysis of Passive Parks of Hyderabad City with National Reference Manual Hina Marvi Mehnaz Soomro Sanam Bhutto Passive Recreation National Reference Manual Social Cohesion This research is about the passive recreational spaces provision in Hyderabad city and compares the area distribution within the city with respect to National Reference Manual (NRM) and shows the backlog differences area in acres as per population intake within the city. The research focuses on the increasing absence of appropriate passive recreational areas to fulfill the need of the inhabitants, with better needs and demands in accordance with the population influx into the city. It may be used to thrive and give the foundation for social cohesion among the people for healthier living and better functioning. Humanity Publications Department of Architecture and Planning, Shaheed Allah Buksh University of Art, Design and Heritages, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan . Department of Architecture and Planning, Shaheed Allah Buksh University of Art, Design and Heritages, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Department of Textile Design, Shaheed Allah Buksh University of Art, Design and Heritages, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/comparative-analysis-of-passive-parks-of-hyderabad-city-with-national-reference-manual https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).29 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Determinants of Takaful Demand: Evidence from Pakistan Fareeda Ashraf Muhammad Mahmood Shah Khan Zohaib Naeem Babar Takaful Demand Economic Determinants Pakistan Pakistan's Takaful (Islamic insurance) is growing. Despite the fact that the Takaful business is still expanding, it is expected to rise 20% to 25% in the next 10 years, reaching USD$ 13.5 billion in 2019. This study examines Takaful demand and Pakistani economic conditions. The study targets Pakistani Takaful enterprises from 2009-2020. The study sample includes 5 Takaful companies: 3 generals and 2 families. The dependent variable (Takaful demand) is obtained from Takaful companies' annual reports, whereas the independent variables (macroeconomic factors) are from the global bank database. Stata software is used to examine the data for autocorrelation, multicollinearity, and panel quantile regression. The result of the study ravelled that the selected macroeconomic factors have significant and positively connected with the Takaful demand. Humanity Publications Academic Officer, Mechanical Engineering Department School of Engineering, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Banking and Finance Department, Hasan Murad School of Management University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Government Associate College Kamalia, Toba Tek Singh, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/determinants-of-takaful-demand-evidence-from-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).30 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Comparing the Aerobic Fitness Capacity of University and Club Levels Male Volleyball Players Iffat Niaz Yasmeen Tabassum Zafar Iqbal Butt Aerobic Fitness Players University Volleyball And Harvard Step Test The objective of this research was to find the likely importance of variations in aerobic fitness between men volleyball players competing for club and university. The volleyball players must have the capacity to comprehensively display their physical, technical, tactical, and psychological skills. The physical attributes of players have a noticeable impact on both the team's strategy and the players' performance. Players must therefore be physically capable of meeting the demands of the sport. Thepresent study was planned to monitor the cardio-respiratory fitness or aerobic endurance of male volleyball players at the club and university levels and to compare the results. A total number of 60 men volleyball players, aged 19 to 24 years from both clubs and universities participated in this study. To assess each group's level of aerobic fitness, the test that was used is the Harvard step test. Findings demonstrated a difference in club and university players' aerobic fitness of a significant level (p< 0.05). In comparison to club volleyball players, university volleyball players were shown to have superior aerobic fitness. Humanity Publications M. A Physical Education, Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/comparing-the-aerobic-fitness-capacity-of-university-and-club-levels-male-volleyball-players https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).31 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Criminal Procedure is Criminal Justice in Action: Transition to Islamic Criminal Procedure is a Way Forward for Pakistan Ghufran Ahmed Sheer Abbas Muhammad Ramzan Kasuri Adversarial Criminal Procedure Criminal Justice System Islamic Criminal Procedure Inquisitorial Inefficiency Transition The Criminal law is the strongest arm of all the normative systems of society which saves the society from evils, punishes the criminals, curbs, and prevents crimes in the society, frees it of crime or makes continuous efforts to keep it at bay or at least makes offences unattractive, unpleasant, hateful, and unaccepted activity in our society. The criminal procedure is criminal justice in action. The failure of the procedural law means failure of the social goals set by society. With the help of qualitativeresearch methodology, this article discusses the importance of criminal procedural law in the administration of the Criminal Justice System (CJS). It points out the two types of criminal procedural laws in Pakistan; constitutional and ordinary. It also analyses the current situation of the CJS of Pakistan. It also highlights the major problems in the criminal procedure of Pakistan and pointed out the need of revamping the criminal procedure. It also pointed out the need to transition from existing criminal procedural laws of Pakistan to Islamic Criminal Procedure. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, International Space Law, College of Law, University of Sharjah, UAE. Assistant District Public Prosecutor, Anti-Terrorism Court-1 Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/criminal-procedure-is-criminal-justice-in-action-transition-to-islamic-criminal-procedure-is-a-way-forward-for-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).32 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Social Media and COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Pakistan Mahnoor Gillani Bin Yamin Khan Abobakr Khan COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Social Media Fake News Social media plays an essential part in connecting and organizing people and making decisions and obtaining information about health issues. This study tends to investigate the role of social media in vaccine hesitancy in Pakistan using survey research. The data revealed that the respondents paid 4 hours daily during COVID-19. It has created panic among the people due to the fake news however, on the other hand, it has made people encouraged for vaccinated which made them positive and committed to fighting against this virus. The findings revealed that 40, being 39.2% agreed that spreading repeated information regarding Covid-19 vaccination convinced them to get vaccinated. 51 (50%) of respondents found news on social media fake most of the time due to which they feel feared vaccination. 34 (33.3%) of the respondents told that the rumours spread through social media lead to vaccine hesitancy. Humanity Publications MS Scholar, Department of Communication and Media Studies, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Communication and Media Studies, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. MS Scholar, Department of Media & Communications Studies, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/social-media-and-covid19-vaccine-hesitancy-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).33 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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COVID-19, Vaccine Hesitancy, Social Media, Fake News COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Social Media Fake News Social media plays an essential part in connecting and organizing people and making decisions and obtaining information about health issues. This study tends to investigate the role of social media in vaccine hesitancy in Pakistan using survey research. The data revealed that the respondents paid 4 hours daily during COVID-19. It has created panic among the people due to the fake news however, on the other hand, it has made people encouraged for vaccinated which made them positive and committed to fighting against this virus. The findings revealed that 40, being 39.2% agreed that spreading repeated information regarding Covid-19 vaccination convinced them to get vaccinated.51 (50%) of respondents found news on social media fake most of the time due to which they feel feared vaccination. 34 (33.3%) of the respondents told that the rumours spread through social media lead to vaccine hesitancy. Humanity Publications 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/covid19-vaccine-hesitancy-social-media-fake-news https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).33 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Quantitative Risk Analysis of Fire Load and Combustible Materials in Office Workplaces in the United States Fawad Khan Fire Load Office Workplace Safety Combustible Materials NFPA Standards Risk Assessment United States Fire safety in office workplaces is a major issue in the United States, as occupants are concentrated in dense and combustible materials, which increases the risk of fire. This research helps fill that gap in the quantitative measures testing the rate of fire load in the U.S. office environment. The goal is to determine the fire load through an analysis of the contributions of productivity of paper, plastics, and electronics, textiles, and chemicals, as well as an assessment of compliance with NFPA and OSHA standards. By using a quantitative risk analysis, the research combines fire load calculations with code-based checklists with case-based applications to identify where, for example, the high-risk areas for fire can be found - archives, server rooms, kitchenettes. Findings indicate that many offices have fire loads that exceeds recommended limits and poor housekeeping and clustered electronics add to office risks. The study makes the following conclusions: combining code compliance, digital recordkeeping, and the use of intelligent technologies that detect fires is a necessity. Broader implications are about promoting fire safety culture at work, engaging with policymakers, and offering support for proactive risk mitigation strategies. Humanity Publications Graduate, Department of Engineering & Technology, Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/quantitative-risk-analysis-of-fire-load-and-combustible-materials-in-office-workplaces-in-the-united-states https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-II).34 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Comparative Analysis of Public and Private Schools of Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Sabahat Jaleel Husna Noor Comparison Private Schools Public Schools Performance Challenges This is a comparative study of public and private schools in the town of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Worldwide the private sectors are more efficient and perform better than the public sector.Our education system is also suffering from this dilemma. The research paper highlights various  reasons why public schools lag behind private schools. The challenges that public school students and teachers face are also discussed here. Despite having more budget and salaries, why public schools can’t achieve the progress level of private schools? What efforts are the government putting to induce betterment in public institutes? Comparison from various aspects like teacher's behaviour, parent's interest, the financial status of the pupil, study hours, the role of extracurricular activities and the pupil's performance. The study aims to know why public schools lag behind private schools in performance.What challenges do public schools faces which hinder them from achieving good results? To make the public schools aware of the efforts of the private sector. The private sector is making strategies to improve its performance. Despite having intelligent students, public schools cannot compete with private schools. Humanity Publications Lecturer (Pakistan Studies), University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Punjab, Pakistan. Bachelors Student, Department of History and Pakistan Studies, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2022-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/comparative-analysis-of-public-and-private-schools-of-charsadda-khyber-pakhtunkhwa https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-III).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Factors Influencing Youth Sports Participation in Different Districts of Balochistan, A Province of Pakistan Muhammad Aslam Syed Asim Hussain Zulakha Karim Factors Influencing Youth Sports Participation and Case Study of Baluchistan Province of Pakistan. This study was conducted to evaluate the factors influencing youth sports participation in different districts of Balochistan, a province of Pakistan. The current study was carried out in male and female degree colleges from six (06) randomly chosen Balochistan districts. In all, 824 students—512 men and 312 women representing 10% of the student body at 18 men's colleges and 14 women's institutions participated in the study. The researcher created and employed a structured five-point Likert scale questionnaire, with responses ranging from Strongly Agree (SA), Agree (A), Neutral (N), and Disagree (DA), to Strongly Disagree (SDA). The significant level for the p-value that the researcher used to accept or reject the given hypotheses was 0.05. The study's findings showed that youth sports involvement in various districts of Balochistan is influenced by a number of factors, including parental financial resources, a lack of access to sports equipment due to high marketing costs. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Health and Physical Education, Government College of Physical Education, Quetta, Balochistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Centre for Physical Education, Health & Sports Science, University of Sindh, Jamsoro, Sindh Assistant Professor, Department of Health and Physical Education/Principal, Government College of Physical Education, Quetta, Balochistan. 2022-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/factors-influencing-youth-sports-participation-in-different-districts-of-balochistan-a-province-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-III).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Role of International Organizations for Protection of Muslims Rights in India Muneeba Shahid Saif Ur Rehman Kashif Ashfaq Human Rights Violation United Nations Minorities Security The role of international Human rights organizations is discussed in this research. United Nations should play its role independently without the pressure of a developed state. Being a Secular and democratic state it is essential for the state to protect all individual but in the tenure of the current ruling party Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP) massive violations of human rights has been occurred. Basic rights to all individuals' should be granted to all individuals. Minority rights should be respected by the administration and strict actions should be taken on the violation of human rights. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Political Science, Women University, Swabi, KP, Pakistan. MS Scholar, Department of Politics & IR, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. MPhil Scholor, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages, Islambad, Pakistan. 2022-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/role-of-international-organizations-for-protection-of-muslims-rights-in-india https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-III).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Lifestyle and Wellness of Universities' Students: A Cross-sectional Assessment Farzeedullah Khan Inamullah Gulnaz Bibi Gulnaz Bibi Assessment Lifestyles Wellness University Students &amp; Cross-sectional Approach The current study was designed to evaluate lifestyle and wellness among Universities' Students of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. A sample of n=399 was taken from by using a simple random sampling technique. Two different adopted questionnaires consisting Healthy lifestyle questionnaire (HLSQ) and wellness assessment questionnaire (WAQ) were used. The collected data were processed through Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), version 26. It has been found that a meager portion of the participants fell in the category of healthy life style. The data revealed that males and females reported no statistically significant differences on the healthy life style questionnaire (p > .05). However, statistically significant differences in healthy lifestyles based on locality, professional status of the students were found (p < .05). No statistically significant difference was found on wellness (p > .05). However, significant differences were found based on locality, professional status and qualification pertaining WAQ (p > .05). Humanity Publications Lecturer, Government Degree College SK BalaBannu, KP, Pakistan Lecturer, Balochistan Residential College Zhob, Quetta, Baluchistan, Pakistan. PhD (Scholar), Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, GU, DIK, Pakistan. PhD (Scholar), Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, GU, DIK, Pakistan. 2022-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/lifestyle-and-wellness-of-universities-students-a-crosssectional-assessment https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-III).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Perceptions of Science Teachers regarding Capacity Building Teachers Training Programme in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Muhammad Rauf Hafeez Ud Din Muhammad Zahid Education Policy Teaching Training in-service Science Educators This research aimed to evaluate Khyber Pakhtunkhwa's Capacity Building Teachers Training Program for science educators. The study focused on the program's effectiveness in meeting the demands of the science curriculum, the applicability of acquired skills and knowledge, and participants' opinions on the course materials and instructional strategies. A descriptive research design was used, and data were collected from 50 science instructors who participated in a 2-week capacity development workshop in May 2012. The study utilized a self-made questionnaire, and the chi-square statistical method was used to analyze the responses. The study found that the course participants were satisfied with the course's standards, teaching methods, and ability to raise teachers' mindfulness and remove material-related teaching challenges. The study recommended that a capacity-building science teachers training program should be held regularly with improved training materials and more information on teachers in the training program. Humanity Publications Department of Education, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Ph. D Scholar, Department of Education, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer in Sociology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2022-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/perceptions-of-science-teachers-regarding-capacity-building-teachers-training-programme-in-khyber-pakhtunkhwa https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-III).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Modern Technologies for the Teaching of English Pronunciation: A Survey of Elementary School Teachers of AJ&K Muhammad Naqeeb ul Khalil Shaheen Nazir Haider Shah Zakia Qayyum Modern Technology English Pronunciation Elementary Teachers The aim of the study was to analyze the Use of Modern Technology for the Teaching of English Pronunciation at the Elementary Level in District Kotli AJ&K. The study was descriptive in nature and used a survey method for data collection. The study population was 288 elementary school teachers. A simple random sampling technique was used for the selection of the sample. The sample size was consisted of two hundred (200) respondents. Five-point Likert scale questionnaire was used as a research instrument to get the responses from the respondents. The reliability of the instrument was checked by using Cronbach’s alpha statistical technique. The questionnaire was consisted of 30 items. The researcher collected the data personally from the sample of the study. Simple percentage, mean scores and standard deviations analyzed the collected data, and also analyzed the t-test. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu & Kashmir. Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Kotli, AJ&K, Pakistan. Department of Education, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu & Kashmir. Pakistan. 2022-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/modern-technologies-for-the-teaching-of-english-pronunciation-a-survey-of-elementary-school-teachers-of-ajk https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-IV).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Alignment with the West: Pakistan's Motives Muhammad Haroon Khudija Sanam Muneeba Shahid Pakistan USA Foreign Policy Alignment Convergence of Interests After few years of independence Pakistan established diplomatic ties with the US and opted for alignment with the west. In this way, Pakistan joined SEATO and CENTO, two military alliances supported by the US. As a result, the US consented to give Pakistan financial and military support. Pakistan's participation in CENTO and SEATO improved ties between the two countries. The paper aims to explore Pakistan's alignment with the west and the US strategic interest in Pakistan. Secondary data has been collected from books, articles and newspapers. This article relies on qualitative methods of research to describe the motives behind Pakistan and US partnership. The findings of the study suggest that the relationship between the two was not based on confidence, trust, and loyalty but on interest and expediency. The USA has always manipulated Pakistan in the context of alignment for its own interest. Humanity Publications MS Scholar, National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Visiting Lecturer, Department of Political Science, Government Girls Degree College, Shiekhmaltoon, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Political Science, Women University, Swabi, KP, Pakistan 2022-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/alignment-with-the-west-pakistans-motives- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-IV).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Assessment of College Students' Attitude towards Physical Activity in District Bannu Zahida Bibi Iffat Bibi Shagufta Javed Khan Attitude Physical Activity Modified The aim of this study was to look at students' attitudes about physical activity (ATPA) in government colleges in District Bannu. The relevant data was collected using a modified version of the Kenyon Attitude towards Physical Activity (Kenyon ATPA) validated by Khan al, (2012). The results of this study revealed that there were significant differences in college students' overall attitudes and five perceived meanings toward physical exercise (p < 05). However, age, discipline, and year of enrollment all had a substantial impact on their overall attitude toward physical activity (p < 05). Male students were more likely to participate in physical exercise for the purpose of social connection than female students were for sake of health and fitness. So, gender has a big impact on the types of physical activity program. The results of this study also indicated that studying sport science could influence attitudes towards physical activity. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Health and Physical Education, Government Degree College, Mandan, Bannu, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer. Department of Health & Physical Education, Government Post Graduate College for Women, KP, Pakistan. Instructor, Department of Physical Education, Government Girls Higher Secondary School Noshers, KP, Pakistan. 2022-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/assessment-of-college-students-attitude-towards-physical-activity-in-district-bannu https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-IV).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Impact of Chronic Disease on Patient's Social Life, A Case Study of Thalassemia Center Islamabad Alishba Imtiaz Chronic Disease Thalassemia Social Life Thalassemia is a hereditary disease that is transmitted from parents to children. The most prominent cause of thalassemia is cousin marriage. Thalassemia major is mostly found in South Asian countries. Many people are not aware of it because of a lack of knowledge. There are two major types of it. One is thalassemia major, through which patients need regular transfusions of blood because their bodies can't generate blood, and the other is thalassemia minor, which is also anemia. A person with thalassemia major suffers in many dimensions and different ways. Their medical, as well as social lives, get disturbed by regular hospital visits for transfusions. The study aims to witness how thalassemia major impact the patient's social life, how this chronic disease shapes the patient's social activities or relationships, and to understand how they cope with life. To meet the aim Qualitative research methodology is selected. Humanity Publications Mhpil scholar, Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam university Islamabad, Pakistan. 2022-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/impact-of-chronic-disease-on-patients-social-life-a-case-study-of-thalassemia-center-islamabad- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-IV).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 4 Pakistan

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The health of Left behind Families of Overseas Migrants Rashida Aziz Anwaar Mohyuddin Fehmi Aziz Migration Left Behind Families Health Rural Households Remittances Pakistan Background: Health education is least prioritized, in economically sustained households. Objective: To measure the influence of migration on wellbeing of the rural community District Rawalpindi. Methodology: In a qualitative study, purposive sampling was used. Key informant, in-depth interviews, participant observation carried out. Results: Disease prevalence, found observable. International remittance reflected the impact on a nutritious diet in sickness but people seemed careless about health despite of sustained financial resource. They seemed to become decisively conscious about healthy life and its value unless any family member went through severe disease consequences and sickness. Remittances broadened choices to seek health care preferences among modern medicines and traditional healing methods. Conclusion: Lack of awareness to manage sickness and diseases, people found deprived of health education. Remittances accelerated the reduction in disease financial burden but least productive behaviors towards health. Study revealed health education and disease awareness is mandatory for rural dwellings to achieve Sustained Development Goals (SDGs- 2030). Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2022-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-health-of-left-behind-families-of-overseas-migrants https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-IV).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 4 Pakistan

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The Role of Dispute Resolution Council in Dispute Resolution: A Case Study of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Muhammad Nouman Zeeshan Ahmad Maghfoor Ullah Jirga Pukhtunwali Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Tradition Conflict Resolution Jirga is an ancient institution of conflict settlement in Pakhtun civilization. Its effectiveness declined throughout the course of time, which led to the widespread skepticism among the general populace over their ability to depend on it. This study explores all of the elements that contributed to the unacknowledged and questionable status of the Jirga institution, which in turn created space for the development of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanisms. Data gathered from primary and secondary sources in order to conduct an analysis of the alternative dispute resolution system that is currently functional in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Because of the character and environment of the people who live in this area, it was impossible for them to maintain a traditionalist viewpoint towards the aspects of culture and traditional institutions that make up the Jirga political system. A modified version of the traditional Jirga was introduced in KP in 2012 under the name "Dispute Resolution Councils" (DCRs). This was done in an effort to close the gap that existed in the original framework. Since then, DRC has been operational in a number of districts of KP, and residents' perceptions of its effectiveness in settling local conflicts at the doorstep of the parties involved have been generally favorable. Humanity Publications MS Scholar, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Undergraduate Student, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Undergraduate Student, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2022-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-role-of-dispute-resolution-council-in-dispute-resolution-a-case-study-of-khyber-pakhtunkhwa https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(VII-IV).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 7, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Community Perception Towards Criminal Women: A Case Study of District Swabi Quaid Habib Afzal Ahmad Syed Shaheer Ali Shah Community Perception Crime Women Women who engage in criminal activities often face a complex set of challenges that go beyond the legal consequences of their actions. Society's perception of criminal women is often harsherthan that of their male counterparts, as women are traditionally viewed as caregivers and nurturers rather than as criminals. This perception is shaped by cultural and social norms, media representation,and individual biases. In this essay, we will explore the community's perception towards criminal women and the factors that influence it. These representations contribute to the stigmatization of criminal women, making it more difficult for them to reintegrate into society after serving their sentences. In this research, it is discussed how women in society are forced to commit a crime and what are the factors which make them do so. One of the factors that shape community perception towards criminal women is the nature of their offences. Women who engage in violent crimes are oftenviewed as more dangerous and threatening than those who commit non-violent offences. Humanity Publications BA Sociology, Department of Sociology, University of Swabi KP, Pakistan. MA Sociology, Department of Sociology, University of Swabi KP, Pakistan. BS Commerce, Quaid e Azam College of Commerce, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/community-perception-towards-criminal-women-a-case-study-of-district-swabi https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2023(VIII-I).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Study Habits of Students: A Comparative Study of High and Low Achievers at University of Kotli AJ&K Muhammad Naqeeb ul Khalil Shaheen Nazir Haider Shah Juwarya Zafar Study Habits High Achievers Low Achievers This study was conducted to examine the study habits of high and low achievers in University of Kotli AJK. The population of the study consisted of all 875 students of BS level in University of Kotli, AJ&K. The current study was descriptive in nature and survey methods were used for the data collection. The researcher selected 270 Students through convenience sampling technique. A five-point Likert scale questionnaire was used as a tool in this study. The researcher personally visited the University of Kotli Azad Jammu and Kashmir and collected the data. The researcher applied frequency, percentage, simple mean and standard deviation for the analysis of data. It is recommended that students may utilize a range of resources to improve their study techniques. High achievers make use of a variety of resources to enhance their study skills and engage in group activities. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan. Department of Education, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/study-habits-of-students-a-comparative-study-of-high-and-low-achievers-at-university-of-kotli-ajk https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2023(VIII-I).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Nexus of State Recognition Issue in the Context of the UAE-Israel Deal and Pakistan Dilemma Abdullah Syed Shaheer Ali Shah MatiUllah Hidayat The Conflict between Pakistan and Israel State Recognition Different Agreements and Legal Effects of the International Law This study tries to investigate the obstacles in the ongoing disputes between Pakistan and UAE over whether or not to recognize Israel as a state. What elements would cause Pakistan to recognize Israel? Considering the significance of the UAE and its agreements with Pakistan skewed the national interests of Pakistan. To explore the bottlenecks in the hurdles of the Middle East spectrum and to evaluate the stance, I used explorative methods to obtain unique and perfect data through thematic techniques. The study's goal is to draw attention to the persistent questions surrounding Pakistan's foreign policy, whether Pakistan should have recognized Israel or not due to some internal biases. The first Gulf Arab nation to agree to normalize ties with Israel was the United Arab Emirates, putting an end to years of clandestine trade and investment between the two nations. For this study, secondary data was acquired from secondary sources like newspapers, periodicals, and reports while primary data was gathered through semi-structured interviews. Humanity Publications Department of International Relations, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. BS Commerce, Quaid-e-Azam Commerce College, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. MA Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Pakistan, KP, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-nexus-of-state-recognition-issue-in-the-context-of-the-uaeisrael-deal-and-pakistan-dilemma https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2023(VIII-I).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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An Analysis of Democracy in Pakistan: Challenges and Way Forward Hamza Ashfaq Kashif Ashfaq Muneeba Shahid Democracy Pakistan Challenges Political Instability Military Interventions This article presents an analysis of the state of democracy in Pakistan, highlighting the challenges it faces and proposing a way forward. Despite making significant strides toward democratic governance since independence, Pakistan continues to grapple with numerous obstacles such as political instability, weak institutions, corruption, and military intervention. These challenges have hindered the consolidation of democratic norms and hindered the effective functioning of democratic processes. To overcome these hurdles, it is imperative to focus on strengthening institutions, promoting transparency and accountability, fostering a culture of political inclusivity, and enhancing civil education. By addressing these key areas, Pakistan can pave the way for a more robust and sustainable democratic system. Humanity Publications Post Graduate Scholar, Department of International Relations, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KPK, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of International Relations, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/an-analysis-of-democracy-in-pakistan-challenges-and-way-forward https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2023(VIII-I).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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India's Military Modernization: Shaping Regional Security Landscapes Yasir Inam Sohail Ahmad India's Military Modernization Regional Security Dynamics South Asia Balance of Power Military Capabilities This research paper examines the impact of India's military modernization on regional security dynamics in South Asia. The study focuses on the drivers, evolution, current status, and ongoing trends of India's military modernization, as well as its effect on regional security, balance of power, and potential security challenges and opportunities. The historical context provides an overview of India's military history and key events and developments that have influenced India's military modernization. This paper analyzes the impact of India's military modernization on regional security dynamics in South Asia, and the case studies chapter presents specific case studies of instances where India's military modernization has affected regional security dynamics in South Asia. The research concludes that India's military modernization has had a significant impact on the balance of power in South Asia, its relations with other regional actors such as Pakistan and China, and the security environment of the region. Humanity Publications MS Scholar, International Relations, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/indias-military-modernization-shaping-regional-security-landscapes https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2023(VIII-I).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Factors Affecting Academic Performance of Students: A Cross- Sectional Study of Secondary Schools of Kotli AJ&K Muhammad Naqeeb ul Khalil Shaheen Nazir Haider Shah Rida Jehangir Academic Performance This study was conducted to examine the Factors Affecting the Academic performance of students at the secondary level in Kotli AJ&K. The population of the study consisted of approximately 4000 government students studying at the secondary level. The researcher selected 350 students of secondary level in Kotli City as the sample in this study through the continent sampling technique. The current study was quantitative in nature. Descriptive research was used to conduct the study and a survey method was conducted for data collection. A five-point Likert scale questionnaire was used as a tool in this study. There are many factors that influence the academic performance of students such as school factors, parental, social and economic conditions, teacher factors, and many more. It is recommended that the educational authorities may introduce need-based scholarships for deserving students so that the student's academic performance may not get influenced by the economic status of the family. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Department of Education, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/factors-affecting-academic-performance-of-students-a-cross-sectional-study-of-secondary-schools-of-kotli-ajk https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2023(VIII-II).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Similarities between Longest Ongoing International Disputes: Kashmir and Palestine Muneeba Shahid Kashif Ashfaq Hamza Ashfaq Kashmir Israel Palestine United Nations Self-Determination Human Rights The world's longest ongoing international disputes are the Palestine and the Kashmir issues that need the attention of the world for their resolution. International human rights rules hold Israel and India accountable for their excessive use of force and state-sponsored terrorism against Palestinians and Kashmiris. A fair and long-lasting solution in both regions requires an all-encompassing strategy that includes communication, diplomacy, observance of human rights, and international collaboration. This research article will explain the similarities among two disputes, Kashmir and Israel-Palestine. Also about the emergence of these issues, the problems faced by individuals of Kashmir and Palestine, and the role of media in the resolution of these conflicts. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Political Science, Women University Swabi, KP, Pakistan. Mphil Scholar, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad, Pakistan. Post Graduate Scholar, Department of International Relations, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/similarities-between-longest-ongoing-international-disputes-kashmir-and-palestine https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2023(VIII-II).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Roadmap Towards Sustainable Tourism: Fundamental Principles, Models, and Impacts Ali Zain Sohail Ahmad Sustainability Sustainable Principles Sustainable Tourism Models Impacts Ecotourism In recent decades, the global tourism industry has witnessed remarkable expansion, providing substantial economic advantages to numerous destinations across the world. Nevertheless, this surge in tourism has not been free of its difficulties, with over-tourism emerging as a noteworthy issue. Over tourism is characterized by an excessive inflow of tourists that exceeds the capacity of destinations, raising concerns about the sustainability and the welfare of both the places and the communities that host them. This research paper embarks on a comprehensive examination of sustainability within the realm of tourism, with a particular emphasis on the fundamental principles, diverse models for sustainable tourism, and the extensive consequences of over-tourism. Ultimately, the paper offers a well-structured guide for destinations grappling with over-tourism, directing them toward the ideals of sustainable tourism, community well-being, and environmental preservation. Humanity Publications MS Scholar, International Relations, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/a-roadmap-towards-sustainable-tourism-fundamental-principles-models-and-impacts https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2023(VIII-II).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Secure Multi-Agent AI for Autonomous Cyber Defense of U.S. Critical and Enterprise Networks I K M Saameen Yassar Large Language Models Autonomous Cyber Defense Critical Infrastructure Security The increasingly complex nature of cyber intrusions into United States critical infrastructure and enterprise network systems requires independent defense systems that can be modified in real time without human intervention. The paper provides a systematic exploration of the field of secure multi-agent artificial intelligence systems of autonomous cyber defense, with particular focus on the combination of large language models and multi-agent reinforcement learning. It compares nine architectural paradigms in accuracy of detection, efficiency of operations, resistance to adversaries, scalability of coordination, scalability to domain, transferability to simulations and explainability. It is demonstrated that large language model-orchestrated multi-agent reinforcement learning architectures are more effective .Semantic reasoning and causal understanding are improved by the incorporation of fine-tuned large language models, whereas the agreement between agents is improved by transformer-based coordination. Altogether, this convergence constitutes a milestone in autonomous cyber defense of the critical infrastructure protection. Humanity Publications Masters of Science in Information Technology, Washington University of Science and Technology, Virginia, United States of America (USA). 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/secure-multiagent-ai-for-autonomous-cyber-defense-of-us-critical-and-enterprise-networks https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2023(VIII-II).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Involvement of Youth in Sports and Racism: A Case Study of Baluchistan, A Province of Pakistan Muhammad Aslam Mehwish Manzoor Faiz ul Hassan Shah Racism Youth Sports in Baluchistan Inclusivity Social Justice This study investigates the impact of racism on youth sports participation in Baluchistan, Pakistan, focusing on differences between male and female students as well as urban and rural students. Using a sample representing 10% of the total population of degree college students across 32 districts, data was collected through questionnaires and analyzed using statistical techniques. The results reveal distinct viewpoints between boys' and girls' students regarding the effect of racism on sports participation, supporting the research hypothesis. Additionally, significant mean differences were observed between urban and rural students, further substantiating the hypothesis. The study highlights the importance of inclusive practices and policies in sports to address the challenges faced by marginalized youth and promote social justice and equal opportunities. These findings have implications for policymakers, sports organizations, and community leaders in advancing equality and inclusivity in youth sports. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Health & Sports Science, Government College of Physical Education, Quetta. Balochistan, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Physical Education, Government College University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. 2023-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/involvement-of-youth-in-sports-and-racism-a-case-study-of-baluchistan-a-province-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2023(VIII-IV).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 8, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Discerning the Code-Switching Process in Pakistani Urdu Weblogs Kanwal Fatima Samina Amin Qadir Computer-mediated Communication Code-switching Urdu Weblogs Pakistani Bloggers Bilinguals This paper investigated the process of code-switching in Urdu weblogs authored by Pakistani bloggers as code-switching has always been an intriguing phenomenon to sociolinguists. The research objectives of this study are to investigate the data of Urdu weblogs to identify and describe the patterns of code-switching in the blog entries authored by Pakistani bloggers. This study utilized the quantitative and qualitative approaches. In the present study, 20 Urdu blog entries authored by 10 Pakistani bloggers are analyzed to examine the occurrence of English code-switches. Lexical switches are the most frequently occurring type of code-switching found in the data. The results of this study indicate that the code-switched language in Urdu weblogs is primarily an extension of the written or spoken form of language. However, it also has certain distinctive features that set it apart from code switched language in other genres. The findings showed that Pakistani bloggers, who are multilingual internet users, usually use this mode of communication to fully express themselves because they live between two worlds-virtual and real, two cultures, and two languages. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of English, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Editor - (English), ORIC, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Professor Emeritus, Department of English, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/discerning-the-codeswitching-process-in-pakistani-urdu-weblogs https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2023(VIII-IV).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 8, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Making the Historical Mughal Gardens of Lahore a Better Tourist Destination in Pakistan Rabia Khaskheli Zhang Weiping Mazhar Hussain Abbasi Mughal Gardens Tourist Destination Terrorism Tourism Lahore Tourism has recently emerged as one of the world's most important industries. Heritage tourism, on the other hand, is among the tourism industry's sectors with the fastest growth. Heritage destinations are developed in large part by tourist attractions, especially historical ones. Pakistan's cultural centre, Lahore, is home to a major Mughal legacy. Due to the amount and calibre of its historical attractions, it is an important historical tourist destination in Pakistan. Despite Lahore's excellent heritage tourism potential, tourism hasn't always grown as it should because of a number of challenges.This paper’s goal is to pinpoint possible Lahore historical sites for tourism promotion. In addition, the difficulties facing Lahore's heritage tourism industry and some recommendations based on theoretical analysis and empirical research are provided. This paper discusses a variety of theoretical viewpoints on the growth of tourist destinations, covering the marketing and distribution of destinations, the cost of destinations, how terrorism affects destinations, and the identity and integrity of destinations. In order to gather and analyse empirical data, these theories are employed. Lastly, the author provides a proposal suggestion on how to make the Mughal Gardens a more desirable historical tourist attraction in Lahore. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Architecture & Planning, Shaheed Allah Buksh Soomro University of Art Design and Heritages, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of College of Arts, University of Architecture & Technology, China. Master of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, CEO at Mazhar & Sons (Pvt.) Ltd. 2023-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/making-the-historical-mughal-gardens-of-lahore-a-better-tourist-destination-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2023(VIII-IV).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 8, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Identification of Causes of Enrolment Gap From Nursery to 5th Class in Pakistan: A Case Study of District Rahim Yar Khan Ubaid Ullah Khan Aftab Hussain Gillani Zakia Khan Identification Enrollment Gaps Nursery Class Rahim Yar Khan The study was designed to identify the Causes of the Enrolment Gap from Nursery to 5th Class in district Rahim Yar Khan. The population of the study was all teachers of Govt boys and girls’ primary schools of District Rahim Yar Khan. The total sample was 720 Primary teachers of 360 Govt. Primary Schools of 90 Clusters of District Rahim Yar Khan. The filled questionnaires were received from 598 teachers. So the rate of responses was 83%. Further, mean and accumulative mean scores were calculated and compared and results were drawn. Further enrolment gaps were identified from enrolment sheets. According to respondents' failure in exams, unavailability of learning materials, and lack of financial resources are the main causes of enrolment gaps. There is a need to implement plans and Policies at the Primary level. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Pakistan Studies, Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Education, Government Associate College, Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/identification-of-causes-of-enrolment-gap-from-nursery-to-5th-class-in-pakistan-a-case-study-of-district-rahim-yar-khan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2023(VIII-IV).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 8, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Pragmatic Propositions for Dative Argument Realization in Pashto Ghani Rahman Dative Verbal Clitic NP Pashto Argument Clitic Doubling Pragmatic Conditions Accessibility Level The present study investigates the different encoding possibilities of the dative argument in Pashto. The study specifically focuses on pragmatic propositions for dative argument realization in the language. The data for the present was selected from the corpora of natural discourse and texts. The data showed that there are three encoding possibilities for a dative argument, i.e., the dative argumentcan occur alone as NP-exclusive without a VC; the dative argument may also be realized by the VC as VC-only without overt dative argument in the clause and the dative argument may occur with the VC causing clitic doubling in the language. The dative argument itself appears in different forms driven by different pragmatic conditions. The study investigates these pragmatic conditions and their influence on the morphosyntactic properties of the dative arguments. The clitic alone is the unmarked way of encoding dative argument and clitic doubling appears to be the marked realization when the referents deviate from the expected accessibility level. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP. Pakistan 2023-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/pragmatic-propositions-for-dative-argument-realization-in-pashto https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2023(VIII-IV).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 8, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Impact of US Military Interventions on Regional Stability Sahibzada Adil Munir ower Dynamics Alliances Geopolitical Ramifications Socioeconomic Effect Governance Conflict Resolution Regional Stability U.S. Military Actions There are important geopolitical ramifications to the intricate and diverse problem of how US military actions affect regional security. The long- and short-term implications of such actions on the stability of impacted regions are examined in this abstract. The formation of post-conflict governance systems, the use of military force in conflict resolution, and the socioeconomic effects on the local populace are some of the important aspects that have been looked at. The abstract also evaluates how US actions affect regional alliances and power dynamics. The research uses a thorough examination of past examples, looking at situations like Libya, Afghanistan, and Iraq. This study attempts to shed light on the larger effects of US military operations on international security and diplomacy by investigating the relationship between these actions and regional stability. Humanity Publications Graduate, Department of International Relations, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2023-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/impact-of-us-military-interventions-on-regional-stability https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2023(VIII-IV).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 8, Issue 4 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:394849 2023-09-30 grr

Kwame Nkrumah's Vision for African Unity: A Protection against any Colonial Policy in Africa Brel Grace Mangalala Nkrumah Vision African-unity Security Defense Peace The present study investigates Kwame Nkrumah’s Pan-African visionfor African unity. Through a historical perspective, the study reveals that Nkrumah insisted that the advantage of having aunified military will be to assure our own security, defense and to achieve freedom for every part of Africa. It is also one of the ways to eliminate European military presence and standing armies in our countries, as well as to eradicate the imperialist forces which are engineering our division and seeking to make Africa a war-ground of contending interest. Nkrumah also believed that the “world peace is not possible without the liquidation of colonialism and the total liberation of Africa.” The paper recommends that the African people must think of Nkrumah’s vision today in order to seek the way for the total liberation of Africa, if not Africa will remain under the European, American and the Asian domination. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar & Assistant lecturer, Department of Foreign and Modern Languages, Faculty of Arts & Humanities, University of Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo 2023-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/kwame-nkrumahs-vision-for-african-unity-a-protection-against-any-colonial-policy-in-africa- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2023(VIII-III).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 8, Issue 3 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:394850 2023-09-30 grr

Food Insecurity After COVID-19: A Case Study of Pakistan and the Horn of Africa Qurat Ul Ain Cheema Muhammad Babar Food Security COVID-19 Russia-Ukraine Pakistan Africa Sustainable Development Goals. The COVID-19 pandemic's persistent impacts and associated repercussions still hinder efforts to meet sustainable development goals (SDGs) by 2030. Food prices have increased over the past year as a result of supply chain disruptions brought on by the COVID-19 outbreak, soaring transportation costs, and other factors. There are shortages and food inflation rates are rising. In addition, notably in low-income nations, the increasing frequency and severity of extreme climatic events are likely to disrupt supply networks significantly. The study explores the factors that exacerbate the situation and then makes policy recommendations to address the problem effectively. Humanity Publications Department of International Relations, Kinnaird College for Woman University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Center for South Asian Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/food-insecurity-after-covid19-a-case-study-of-pakistan-and-the-horn-of-africa https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2023(VIII-III).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 8, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Challenges for Multilingual Writers in Pakistan: Issues and Implications of Linguistic Diversity and Complex Language Landscape Muhammad Aqeel Muhammad Sabboor Hussain Multilingual Pakistan Language Diversity Education Culture Identity Communication Challenges Opportunities Pakistan’s multilingual linguistic diversity is shaped by its colonial past and post-independence history. After gaining independence, Pakistan's major languages were Urdu, English, Punjabi, and Saraiki. However, multiple languages have posed challenges for multilingual writers. One of them is the lack of a standardized orthography for regional languages, making it difficult for writers to produce texts in their native languages. The prevalence of Urdu and English has resulted in a language hierarchy where these languages are seen as superior to regional languages. In the face of these challenges, the establishment of language authorities, such as the National Language Authority and the Punjab Institute of Language, Art and Culture, aim to promote and standardize regional languages. Efforts are being made towards the betterment of these writers. Promoting and standardizing regional languages and recognizing multilingualism as an asset can contribute to a more inclusive and representative society in Pakistan. Humanity Publications Visiting Lecturer, Department of Political Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Department of English, University of Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/challenges-for-multilingual-writers-in-pakistan-issues-and-implications-of-linguistic-diversity-and-complex-language-landscape https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2023(VIII-III).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 8, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Semiotic Analysis: A Study Of The Interpretation Of Road Signs Among Professional And Non-Professional Drivers In District Mardan Sumaira Rauf Aiman Gul Syeda Faryal Semiotic Analysis Professional Drivers Non-professional Drivers Road Signs Interpretation. The aim of the current study is to examine how professional and non-professional drivers can comprehend the traffic signs that are most prevalent in the Mardan region. This research intends to draw attention to the differences between drivers' perceptions and understanding. This study also intends to determine how education affects the comprehension and interpretation of professional and non-professional drivers. To conduct this study, the researchers have collected data from non-professional and professional drivers of the Mardan region. The drivers were interviewed, and based on their responses; they were divided into professional and non-professional drivers. The study's main objective is to shed light on how professional and nonprofessional drivers interpret traffic signs that they come into close contact with. The researchers came to the conclusion that professional drivers' interpretations differ from those of non-professional drivers. The study also discovered that drivers mostly depend on their driving experience for comprehension rather than their educational background. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2023-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/semiotic-analysis-a-study-of-the-interpretation-of-road-signs-among-professional-and-nonprofessional-drivers-in-district-mardan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2023(VIII-III).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 8, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Exploring the Role of Educational Vlogs between Push Factors and International Mobility: A Case Study of Pakistani Media Students Saad Zaheer Noor Ul Ain Nasir Muhammad Kashan Atif Educational Vlog Push Factors International Media Student Mobility Self- efficacy. The current educational landscape has witnessed a transformative shift in how youngindividuals acquire knowledge. Educational Vlogs have emerged as a captivating medium for learning, yet they remain understudied in academic research. This study aimed to address this knowledge gap by surveying 350 Media students from esteemed institutions in Lahore. Using the push and pull model, the survey explored the reasons behind students' preference for Educational Vlogs in relation to International Media Student Mobility. Statistical analysis utilizing Smart PLS and SPSS provided valuable insights. Findings revealed the potential of Educational Vlogs in mediating the relationship between Push Factors and International Media Student's Mobility. However, self-efficacy does not significantly moderate this relationship. Emphasizing the development of Educational Vlogs tailored to students' needs is crucial. This research contributed to understanding the role of Vlogs in education and laid a foundation for future investigations in this field. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, School of Media and Communication Studies, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Mass Communication, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/exploring-the-role-of-educational-vlogs-between-push-factors-and-international-mobility-a-case-study-of-pakistani-media-students https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2023(VIII-III).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 8, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Analysis of the Problems in the Use of English Restrictive Relative Clauses by Second Language Learners of Hazara Division Muhammad Waseem Ghani Rahman Sabahat Arshad Subject-object Hierarchy Hypothesis Noun Phrase Accessibility Hierarchy Relative Clause Relative Pronoun English Problems Use This research study investigates the difficulties faced by second language learners of Hazara division while comprehending English restrictive relative clauses and compares the comprehension sequences with the predictions of Subject-object hierarchy hypothesis and Noun phrase accessibility hierarchy. The study also examines the most challenging relative pronouns for second language learners of Hazara division. Data from one hundred and fifty undergraduate level students across various universities of Hazara division was analyzed. This study concludes that subject relative clauses are the easiest to comprehend, while genitive relative clauses are the most difficult, making the resultant hierarchy align with noun phrase accessibility hierarchy. On the other hand, deviation from Subject- object hierarchy can be observed, as subject-subject relative clauses are the easiest and subject-object relative clauses are the most difficult to comprehend. Additionally, the study identifies relative pronoun "whom" as the most challenging, and "when" as the easiest to comprehend. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of English, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of English, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. 2023-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/analysis-of-the-problems-in-the-use-of-english-restrictive-relative-clauses-by-second-language-learners-of-hazara-division https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2023(VIII-III).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 8, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Morphological Analysis of Urban Slums: A Case Study of Gaushala-Marrian, Faisalabad Bazla Manzoor Saima Gulzar Ayaz Mahmood Urban Morphology Morphological Analysis Urban Slums Kachi Aabadis Legalization Faisalabad. Slums are the densely populated areas which are present in all the developed cities of the world. Pakistan is a third-world country and people from the rural areas prefer to live in the urban areas which are relatively better. This gave rise to urbanization and city space began to decrease. The development of slums in Pakistan initiated since the time of its establishment. Two of the earliest established slums are Goshala-Marrian in Faisalabad (the third largest city of Pakistan), Punjab. The built area of the city is greatly influenced by the establishment and growth of slums. This unplanned urbanization is required to be analyzed with respect to its physical elements, so that, the living quality of the inhabitants can be enhanced. The current living conditions were observed to plan for a better environment. Legalization of these areas is a mandate to be followed. The administration and the inhabitants need to put in joint efforts to upgrade the area. Humanity Publications Ph.D Candidate, Department of Architecture, School of Architecture and Planning, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Architecture, School of Architecture and Planning, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Ph.D Candidate, Department of Architecture, School of Architecture and Planning, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/morphological-analysis-of-urban-slums-a-case-study-of-gaushalamarrian-faisalabad https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-I).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Effect of Printed and Digital Instructional Material on Germane Cognitive Load of Students in the Subject of General Science at the Elementary Level Afroz Jan Munazza Ambreen Qaisar Abbas Germane Cognitive Load Digital and Printed Instructional Material PowerPoint Slides Textbook Instructional Videos The current study employed an experimental design with a quantitative approach to examine the impact of digital and printed instructional media on the germane cognitive load of elementary school students for the subject of General Science. The participants were 7th-grade students enrolled in high schools located in a district of Punjab. The digital instructional media utilized in the study included instructional videos and PowerPoint presentations, while textbooks were used as the printed instructional media. The researchers adopted the test developed by Leppink, Paas, Van der Vleuten, & Van Merriënboer after obtaining permission. The results revealed that the group exposed to instructional videos exhibited the lowest germane cognitive load, followed by the group that used textbooks. In contrast, the group that received instruction through PowerPoint presentations demonstrated the highest germane cognitive load. The observed differences in germane cognitive load across the three groups were found to be statistically significant. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Secondary Teacher Education, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Education, The Shaikh Ayaz University, Shikarpur, Sindh, Pakistan. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/effect-of-printed-and-digital-instructional-material-on-germane-cognitive-load-of-students-in-the-subject-of-general-science-at-the-elementary-level https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-I).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Biology Textbook Grade X (2020): Analysis for the Development of Higher Order Thinking Skills among Secondary School Science Students Muhammad Jamil Wahid Mehmood Asif Saleem Critical Thinking Biology Textbook Document Analysis Science Education Secondary Level This study explores the development of higher-order thinking skills (HOTs) in secondary school students through a qualitative content analysis of a Biology textbook grade X (2020). The analysis was done using software called NVivo 12, and the book was chosen through purposeful sampling. The results showed that the textbook uses various strategies to develop critical thinking, such as practical activities, experiments, analytical questions, real-world applications, and open-ended problem-solving questions. Practical activities and experiments help students apply their theoretical understanding to actual problems. Analytical questions make students think critically by making them analyze data and explain complicated relationships between biological concepts. Real-world applications show students how scientific knowledge is used every day so they can evaluate scientific advancement more critically. Open-ended questions challenge students to use what they have learned to solve new problems and come up with unique answers. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Education, Govt College Women University Sialkot, Punjab Pakistan. PhD Scholar, (Education), Northern University Nowshera, KP, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, (Education), University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/biology-textbook-grade-x-2020-analysis-for-the-development-of-higher-order-thinking-skills-among-secondary-school-science-students https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-I).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Accessibilities and Challenges in Curriculum and Instructional Activities for Students with Visually Impairments in Gilgit Baltistan Syed Zaheer Abbas Almas Shoaib Qurat Ul Ain Asif Accessibilities Challenges Curriculum and Instructional Activities Students with Visually Impairments The study aims to find the challenges and accessibility of curriculum and instructional activities of visually impaired students in Gilgit Baltistan. It adopted the qualitative approach and included the teachers of students with visual impairments from the Public Special Education Complex. Purposive sampling was used where six teachers were chosen from separate classes. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The major challenges were accessing materials, teaching Braille, and catering to the multiple learning needs of the students. However, the determination of teachers showed a high sense in changing the teaching practices so that the students who had visual impairment access the curriculum. It was found that the use of multi-sensory approaches that incorporate, for instance, the use of auditory, tactile, and kinesthetic features in a lesson to enhance learning can help in tackling the challenges which could be achieved through assistive technologies, hands-on activities, and interactive learning materials. Humanity Publications M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Education, University of Management and Technology Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Education, University of Management and Technology Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Education, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/accessibilities-and-challenges-in-curriculum-and-instructional-activities-for-students-with-visually-impairments-in-gilgit-baltistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-I).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Enhancing Inclusive Education in Pakistan through E-Learning: A Review of Current Practices, Challenges, and Future Directions Yaar Muhammad Yasira Waqar Faisal Anis E-learning Inclusive Education Pakistan Technology-mediated Instruction Accessibility Educational Equity Personalised Learning This discussion paper examines the potential of e-learning for promoting inclusive education in Pakistani schools, providing equal opportunities for all stakeholders to enhance their capacity. However, there are issues and implications of technology-mediated and technology-delivered instruction for school education in rural areas, given their limited knowledge about technology use. The study reviews literature, investigating the influence of technology use and e-learning on the physical and organisational environment of multi-grade schools. It provides an overview of how e-learning in Pakistan could promote inclusion by comparing the technological changes that have taken place worldwide and in Pakistan recently. The paper considers technical, organisational, and pedagogical issues and developments likely to shape the future use of technology in inclusive education and training, and the extent to which this vision might be realised. It also examines the influence of other sectors' development on the shape of e-learning in inclusive education. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of Education, Govt College Women University, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Education, University of Management and Technology Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Management and Technology Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/enhancing-inclusive-education-in-pakistan-through-elearning-a-review-of-current-practices-challenges-and-future-directions https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-I).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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"Navigating the E2 Visa: Blessing/Disguise for Pakistani Entrepreneurs" Shabana Waheed Muhammad Tahir Muhammad Arif Jamal Non-Immigration E2 Visa Program Investors Entrepreneurs Pakistani Expatries Economic aspect Social Aspects Challenges In this research, we explore the dynamics of the E2 visa program for Pakistani investors, employing statistical analysis techniques such as standard deviation and mean to glean insights from our dataset of 46 individuals. Our analysis reveals nuanced findings regarding the availability, advantages, and drawbacks of the E2 visa, offering valuable perspectives on its efficacy in fostering investment ventures. Furthermore, we provide actionable suggestions, advocating for a more supportive and investor-friendly approach from the US government to facilitate the smooth operation of Pakistani businesses during their tenure. By synthesizing empirical data with policy recommendations, this study contributes to the ongoing dialogue on enhancing the accessibility and effectiveness of the E2 visa program. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, School of Law, University of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Associate Professor , Faculty of Law Dadabhoy Institute of Higher Education (DIHE), Karachi, Pakistan. Educationist, Lexmark Consultants Limitted, London, UK. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/navigating-the-e2-visa-blessingdisguise-for-pakistani-entrepreneurs https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-I).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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A Tendency to Lingual Shift in Pothohari Urban-Living Community Samina Tabassum Samina Amin Qadir Indigenous Languages Pothohari Language shift language maintenance language attitude In this globalized era, many languages of the world are in the process of language shift. In the Pakistani multilingual context, a rapid language shift to dominant languages is taking place among the indigenous communities. This research paper in particular investigates the lingual shift among the Pothohari community living in urban areas of Rawalpindi and Islamabad by analyzing the everyday speech practices of the native Pothohari speakers. Live dinner-time conversations and semi-structured interviews of the participant families are the main data sources for the study. Karan and Stadler's (2000) Perceived benefit model of language choice and stability provides theoretical underpinnings to study the language situation and unveil the complex social, political, and economic factors regarding language change and shift. The findings revealed that language shift is swift and there is a lack of conformity among the native community towards the heritage language. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Government Associate College for Women, Kallar Syedan, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Emeritus at Fatima Jinnah Women's University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/a-tendency-to-lingual-shift-in-pothohari-urbanliving-community https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-I).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Outcome of Plyometric Training on the Performance of Female Badminton Players of the Islamia University of Bahawalpur Iqra Shoukat Shehzadi Sanam Roohi Farooqi Muhammad Zia ul Haq Plyometric Training Kinematics Badminton Serves Anthropometric Measures Physical Fitness This research determined the differences between two groups of female badminton players. The participants were an experimental (group = 20 and a control group =20). The variables were obtained speed, flexibility, agility, standing jump, sit-ups, push-ups, body mass, height, anthropometric measures, and forehand services. Captured videos of the badminton serves were analyzed to obtain the kinematics measure. The experimental group followed a 6-week plyometric training and the control group continued with the same pattern of badminton practice. Factorial ANOVA with repeated measures was applied for statistical analysis. Findings showed the experimental group players were considerably greater in post-measurements in calf circumference, toe-to-toe distance stance, toe-to-toe distance connect shuttle, right elbow angle, and badminton performances. Therefore, it is concluded that the experimental groups significantly improved in physical fitness and badminton performance. It is suggested that female badminton players should follow plyometric training to enhance their fitness and badminton performance. Humanity Publications Phil Scholar, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Riphah International University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/outcome-of-plyometric-training-on-the-performance-of-female-badminton-players-of-the-islamia-university-of-bahawalpur https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-I).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Social Media Usage for Gratifying Information Need by University Students in Sindh Province, Pakistan Liaquat Umrani Abdul Razaque Chhachhar Muhammad Qasim Nizamani Social Media Students Seeking Political Information People use social media to gratify their informational needs in various fields like health, education, sports. Due to its great utility in politics, political communication on social media is studied by many scholars around the globe. However, very limited studies are carried out in Sindh province of Pakistan in this regard. This study fills the gap by providing research data about the use of social media among university students to seek political information. It employs a quantitative research design to collect data from 387 respondents from four general discipline universities of Sindh. The results revealed that university students in the majority use social media for political purposes. They seek political information about national matters more as compared to international ones and prefer news stories as they provide them with verified and updated political content. Moreover, Facebook is used more as compared to other networks for seeking political information. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Media and Communication Studies, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Media and Communication Studies, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Media and Communication Studies, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/social-media-usage-for-gratifying-information-need-by-university-students-in-sindh-province-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-I).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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A Comparative Study of Conceptual Metaphors in Ghani Khan and John Keats's Poetry Anbarin Fatima Kashmala Abad Sabeen Conceptual Metaphors Comparative Analysis Culture Death Love Nature This research study is an attempt to examine lovely metaphorical tapestries in the selected poems of Ghani Khan and John Keats. Ghani Khan's poems Marg and Reidi Gul, are compared with two masterpieces by John Keats, namely La Belle Dame Sans Merci and Ode to a Nightingale. This study is scaffolder by the conceptual metaphor framework proposed by Lakoff and Johnson (1980). The study unweaves the metaphorical motifs displaying the essential and underlying themes of love, death, and nature in the selected poems. The qualitative analysis has revealed the richness, beauty, and artistry in the poems of both poets. Ghani Khan's poem Marg presents a comprehensive image of death figuring out its aura, mystique, and philosophy. On the other hand, Keats painted vivid imagery of love and nature imbued with melancholy. While highlighting the similarities and differences, this study also argues about the creative and cultural forces pervading these works. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Under graduate, Department of English, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/a-comparative-study-of-conceptual-metaphors-in-ghani-khan-and-john-keatss-poetry https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-I).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Role of Print Media during Flood Disaster in Pakistan Hafsa Javed Rao Muhammad Ahsan Bhatti Waseem Shahzad Environment Flood Pakistan Print Media Content Analysis Journals and newspapers played a crucial role during the floods in Pakistan in 2022. They provided people with updates and information by informing and guiding them about the consequences of the flood. Floods, droughts, and other exciting weather events are anticipated to increase as a result of climate change, which will have a profoundly negative impact on human and environmental systems. This study evaluates the role of print media with regard to social responsibility. The results of the study show that the media could have contributed more to the disaster of the floods in Pakistan by encouraging readiness and reconstruction. The media gives aiding those in need top priority regarding disaster response and policy-related messaging. Its multifaceted contributions include timely information dissemination, public awareness raising, coordination support, policy advocacy, and accountability throughout the disaster management process, from preparation to recovery. Humanity Publications M.Phil Scholar, Institute of Media and Communication Studies Bahauddin Zakariya University, Punjab. Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Media and Communication Studies Bahauddin Zakariya University, Punjab, Pakistan. M.Phil Scholar, Institute of Media and Communication Studies Bahauddin Zakariya University, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/role-of-print-media-during-flood-disaster-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-I).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Pashtunwali: An Afghan Ethical Code and Cultural Identity in Lone Survivor by Marcus Luttrell Salman Ali Atiqa Khalil Ummer Awais Lone Survivor Pashtunwali Cultural Studies Pashtuns Afghanistan The Pashtuns and their identity have been misrepresentedover the past decades. These people are represented as ferocious, uncivilized, and anarchistic. Such falsification ruined the otherwise old set of principles of Pashtun people known as Pashtunwali. This study aims to discuss the ideas of Pashtunwali in Marcus Luttrell's Lone Survivor through the theory of cultural studies by Stuart Hall. Pashtunwali, otherwise called Pakhtunwali or the Pashtun code of conduct, is a conventional moral code and lifestyle followed by the Pashtun people for centuries. Marcus Luttrell experiences the working of Pashtunwali in his stay at an Afghan village Sabray, while hiding from the Taliban. Through this autobiographical narrative, the researcher will analyze how the concept of Pashtunwali governs the lives of Pashtun people. It will give a counterargument to the otherwise popular argument of the misrepresentations of Pashtun culture. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of English Language and Literature, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of English Language and Literature, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of Education, Griffith University, Australia. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/pashtunwali-an-afghan-ethical-code-and-cultural-identity-in-lone-survivor-by-marcus-luttrell https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-I).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Capacity Building and Strengthening Institutions: Global and Regional Perspective Mian Haris Farooq Abid Ghafoor Chaudhry Asia Karim Capacity Building Institutional Strengthening Enhancing Social Resilience This study is about capacity building and institutional strengthening to increase social resistance. The research applies the Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP) to weight and rank factors in levels two and three of the framework, which reveals vital characteristics within planning, organization; equipment; education & exercise. This study underlines the importance and centrality relevant to the B2 Disaster Response Plan, B4 District Management Leading Agency, B5 Grass Roots Working Organization (GWO), as well as, B8 District Management Resources. Qualitative insights enhance the complement, recognizing the comprehensiveness of Disaster Risk Assessment (B1) and suggestions for fine tuning. This paper offers suggestions for further cleanup techniques, and how the results may apply to a wider sample population as described in future research. Results offer a detailed guide for improving efforts to respond and recover after climate disasters. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of International Relations, Muslim Youth University, Islamabad, Pakistan. ssociate Professor & Chairman, Department of Anthropology PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant professor, Department of International Relations, Muslim Youth University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/capacity-building-and-strengthening-institutions-global-and-regional-perspective https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-I).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Situation Analysis of Social Literacy Practices for Adult Learners in Pakistan Safura Fatima Muhammad Shakir Ishrat Siddiqa Lodhi Adult Literacy Social Literacy Socio- Economic Development Literacy Rate Social literacy practices for adult learners are essential for reducing educational disparities and encouraging socio- economic progress in Pakistan. The current state of adult education is examined in this analysis, with a focus on literacy programs, community involvement, and government initiatives. Regardless of endeavors to further develop proficiency rates, critical difficulties continue, including lacking financing, socio-social hindrances, and restricted admittance to assets. The analysis highlights successful case studies that show how community-driven initiatives have helped adult learners, highlighting the significance of approaches that are culturally and context- specific. Enhancing government and non-governmental organization collaboration, investing more in adult education, and incorporating technology to expand reach and effectiveness are some of the recommendations. This extensive comprehension of social proficiency rehearses expects to illuminate policymakers and teachers to all the more likely help grown-up students in Pakistan, eventually adding to a more educated and enabled society. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Education, Fatima Jinnah Women's University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/situation-analysis-of-social-literacy-practices-for-adult-learners-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-I).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Identification of the Class Level Equal to National Literacy Definition of Public and Private System of Education Munawar Hussain Sara Sajjad Khansa Naz National Literacy Class Level Modes of Education This study explored the class level equivalent to the national literacy definition of public and private education systems in Pakistan. The main objective was to assess whether different class levels of primary education meet the national literacy standards in reading, writing, and arithmetic. A total of 1,000 students made up the sample of this  research, including students from public, private, non-formal, and Madaris education systems in both rural and urban areas of District Bahawalpur. A test was initially administered on a small scale to check its validity. After validating the test, it was administered on a larger scale. The data concluded that the achievement of grade five students in reading, writing, and arithmetic skills was much higher in reading skills and slightly higher in writing and arithmetic skills. Based on these results, grade five met the national literacy standards. Humanity Publications Campus Coordinator, National College of Business Administration and Economics, (Sub-Campus, Bahawalpur), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Education, National College of Business Administration and Economics, (Sub-Campus Bahawalpur), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Education, National College of Business Administration and Economics, (Sub-Campus Bahawalpur), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-identification-of-the-class-level-equal-to-national-literacy-definition-of-public-and-private-system-of-education https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-I).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Exploring Thematic Concerns of the Magical Doors in Hamid's Exit West: A Magical Realist Perspective Jawad Hashmi Exit West Magical Doors Magical Realism Migrants Supernatural This study addresses the thematic concerns of black doors in the novel Exit West. The study follows the constructivist paradigm. Purposive sampling of text has been made from the novel. Magical realism as a literary genre is taken as a central point to do a thematic analysis of the text and to show how supernatural elements coupled with realistic elements represent different themes. The analysis shows that the doors represent uncertainty and danger, aspirations of third world countries people to migrate to a better country, the concept of escape, the emotive role of reuniting people, and the concept of Islamophobia and Xenophobia associated with migrants. Humanity Publications Undergraduate, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/exploring-thematic-concerns-of-the-magical-doors-in-hamids-exit-west-a-magical-realist-perspective- https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-I).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Exploring the Factors Contributing to the Attrition of Saraiki Language in Dera Ismail Khan Muhammad Hasnain Abdul Qayyum Saraiki Attrition Multilingualism Prestige This research discovers various factors contributing to the issue of Saraiki language attrition in D.I.Khan. It explores attrition as well as the status of the Saraiki language. In this research, mixed research methodology is used and a sample size comprising 40 students is chosen from the English Department of Government Degree College No.1, D.I.Khan. Uncovering the roots of the serious problem of Saraiki language attrition can be valuable as it provides the first step toward a solution. The findings exhibit that causes such as multilingualism, lack of prestige, socio-economic factors, lack of transference, lack of representation, etc. are at play. The research concludes that Saraiki language attrition is not a mere perception, but a tangible reality, that may possibly categorize Saraiki as an endangered language in Pakistan in upcoming decades. Humanity Publications Graduate, Department of English, Government Degree College No 1, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government Degree College No 1, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/exploring-the-factors-contributing-to-the-attrition-of-saraiki-language-in-dera-ismail-khan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-I).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Interaction between Corporate Operations and Environmental Management Fahad Zia Corporate Operations Environmental Management Sustainability Green Business Practices Carbon Footprint Corporate Responsibility Resource Efficiency Corporate operations have a significant influence on environmental management strategies, which have been developing to integrate operations and environmental management as the relationship between business undertakings and environmental sustainability becomes better recognized. In the past few years, several huge corporations have taken on environmentally responsible practices in their operations so as to minimize harmful impacts on natural environments, reduce carbon footprints, and make functioning more efficient. In the case of the interaction between corporate operations and environmental management, sustainability practice is integrated into core business functions like production, logistics, supply chain, and resource management. The aim of this article is to analyze the mutual effects of corporate operations and environmental management, as companies may use various approaches to generate efficiencies between environmental strategy and business objectives. It also examines the challenges, opportunities, and future trends of corporate environmental responsibility. Humanity Publications Operations Manager, Krypton FM Group, London, United Kingdom. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-interaction-between-corporate-operations-and-environmental-management https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-I).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Public Interest Litigation in Pakistan: Instrument of Reform or Tool of Judicial Expansion Kamran Abdullah Public Interest Litigation; Pakistan; Judicial Activism; Separation of Powers; Article 184(3); Judicial Review; Governance Reform This paper seeks to analyze the significance of public interest litigation (PIL) in Pakistan, whether it is a reform or judicial expansive instrument. PIL has gained prominence in challenging governance failures and upholding the rights of citizens, although it has also raised issues of judicial overreach into executive areas. The research involves a mixed approach, both the doctrinal legal study and qualitative content analysis of the PIL cases of the Supreme Court and the High Courts. The results indicate that although PIL may produce meaningful governance results such as policy reforms and regulatory measures, its enforcement in the long run tends to be patchy and needs additional judicial monitoring. The paper has concluded that PIL works best when imposing rights with limited, evidence-based cures but is problematic when it causes too much judicial regulation of governance. The paper recommends measured reforms to make PIL enhance, not weaken, democratic accountability. Humanity Publications Deputy Registrar, Appellate Tribunal Inland Revenue, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/public-interest-litigation-in-pakistan-instrument-of-reform-or-tool-of-judicial-expansion https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-I).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Fata Conundrum: A Study of the Post-Merger Administrative Chaos Adnan Khan Ammara Tasadduq Ghulam Mustafa FATA Merger KP Reforms Police Judiciary Bureaucracy Governance Terrorism This research examines the post-merger administrative changes in the Erstwhile Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa(KP) almost six years after the 2018 merger. Policymakers may be optimistic, but the region still has a lot of governance and administrative issues. The problems stem from a hastily merger procedure without adequate planning and impact estimation. The study highlights the nature of the merger and its impact on governance by examining the transition from Political Agents (PA) to Deputy Commissioners (DC). The post-merger  justice system has been completely inactive and failed. The research highlights that the transformation of Levis and Khasadars into KP Police was a flawed decision of the government. The administrative capacity and difficulties following the merger are examined in this study using the Institutional Capacity Framework. The results show that the merger's promises have not been fulfilled, and the new administrative structure still struggles to gain public trust. Humanity Publications Undergraduate, Department of International Relations, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Undergraduate, Department of International Relations, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of International Relations, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-fata-conundrum-a-study-of-the-postmerger-administrative-chaos https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-II).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Language and Ideology: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Comparative Study of Headlines of Urdu Newspapers of Pakistan Badal Ram Marwari Arjumand Bilal Umair Ahmed Khan Newspaper Headlines Print Media Different Word Choices Different Ideologies The present study is the comparative analysis of headlines of Urdu newspaper of Pakistan, particularly the headlines which have appeared in more than one newspaper with different linguistic features and different word choice to reveal different ideologies or agendas. The study has investigated that different newspapers have different choice of words in their headlines. The study on the comparative analysis of discourse appeared in different Urdu newspapers of Pakistan have been conducted. The data was collected from Urdu newspapers and have been analyzed qualitatively with respect to textual and contextual analysis using different strategies like word choice, power dynamics, referential strategies, framing and agenda setting, ideological standpoint, language as power, language competence, power in discourse, power behind discourse, and comparative synchronic analysis. The findings have shown that Media discourse do not happen but are created, framed, and manipulated to serve the purpose of media industry with their hidden agendas. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences For Women, Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan. Asistant Professor, Department of English, Linguistics and Literature, Iqra University Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Jinnah Government College, Nazimabad, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/language-and-ideology-a-critical-discourse-analysis-of-comparative-study-of-headlines-of-urdu-newspapers-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-II).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Identity in Flux: A Marcian Study of Kachachi’s The American Granddaughter Rabia Khan Aisha Naseem Identity Status Theory Marcia Identity Integration Autognition The American Granddaughter This qualitative research investigates the protagonist, Zeina's identity development in the novel, The American Granddaughter (2010), written by Inaam Kachachi in the backdrop of the US occupation of Iraq. The investigation borrows James E. Marcia's identity status theory, postulating four statuses of identity development—identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, identity moratorium, and identity achievement. The study delves into how the protagonist moves from one identity status to another, experiencing and exploring her relationship with her own self, her family, and acquaintances, eventually arriving at a greater self-recognition and identity integration. The study will help individuals going through similar identity issues to understand the dynamics of identity development and achieve higher autognition. it will also benefit literary critics and scholars aspiring to work in this literary paradigm by applying psychological theories to literary representations. The findings of the study will solidify the applicability of Marcia's theory as a lens to literary interpretation and hermeneutics. Humanity Publications Lecturer Department of English, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer Department of English, The Women University of Multan, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/identity-in-flux-a-marcian-study-of-kachachis-the-american-granddaughter https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-II).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Economic Globalization Vs Nestor Kirchner's Economic Policies: Impact and Evaluation in Argentina Bisma Waseem Tallat Yasmin Shahida Argentina IMF Financial Crisis Néstor Kirchner Debt Globalization Economy Latin Americans saw little improvement after the debt crisis of the 1980s, voters began electing leaders who opposed economic globalization as they reckoned it as useless. These left-leaning leaders won elections in countries such as Venezuela, Brazil, and Argentina. To determine if these leaders have found a successful alternative, look at Argentina as a case study, analyzing the presidency of Carlos Menem in the 1990s, who adhered to globalization policies. Then, looking at Kirchner, after the severe economic crisis of 2001-2002, enforced policies focused on increased state intervention, economic regulation, and social equity. While he has not entirely ignored economic globalization, he has introduced measures to support the poor and mitigate the side effects of globalization. Kirchner appears to establish striking a balance between global economic norms and prioritizing Argentina's interests. The purpose of this Qualitative research is to shed light on Kirchner's economic policies and their impact on Argentina. Humanity Publications Undergraduate, Department of International Relations, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Government College Women University Faisalabad, Punjab, Faisalabad. Pakistan. Visiting Lecturer, Department of International Relations, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/economic-globalization-vs-nestor-kirchners-economic-policies-impact-and-evaluation-in-argentina https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-II).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Searching for Leadership in Pakistan in the Twenty-First Century: Agency-Structure Conflict Management (2013-2023) Rana Eijaz Ahmad Leader Leadership Corruption Dynastic Politics The paper interprets different relationships between people and leaders using an interpretive method. We observe that individuals can make choices based on perspectives relevant to their values and traditions. However, social structures influence those choices through power abuse in third-world/developing countries. Pakistan may be the glaring example in this perspective. Therefore, we interpretively explain the leadership crises in the country. The social evils, corruption, social injustice, dynastic politics, personality cults, idiosyncrasy, and enslaved people among both leaders and the led. The findings are mainly drawn from the researchers' observation through the inductive method, and conclusions are made from primary and secondary sources. We conclude that efficient leadership is essential to manage Pakistan’s socio-political and economic crises. The research emphasizes and demands from leaders fighting against corruption, promoting social justice, and respecting people’s mandate. We call for diminishing dynastic politics and personality cults and promoting popular leadership from mainstream social strata in Pakistan. Humanity Publications Professor, Department of Political Science, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/searching-for-leadership-in-pakistan-in-the-twentyfirst-century-agencystructure-conflict-management-20132023 https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-II).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Exploring Diasporic Escapism and the Ontological Quest for Survival: A Postcolonial Analysis of Exit West Muhammad Iqbal Fareeha Zaheer Qurat ul Ain Diasporic Escapism Ontology Survivalism Postcolonial Perspective The study focuses on Mohsin Hamid's novel Exit West (2017) in order to develop a deeper understanding of the significant facets of escapism and the quest for survival within post-colonial diasporic contexts. The researcher aims to deploy a comparative methodology utilizing Michel Bruneau's Typology of diaspora and transnationalism (2010) and Edward Said's Orientalism (1993) to present an in-depth comprehension of the complicated mechanisms at stake. Establishing an analysis of the novel's use of escapism, the study reveals how Saeed and Nadia, the main characters, use magic doors to escape their centralized and war-torn homeland. Here, escapism is presented as a means of surviving within the post-colonial diasporic structure, providing foundations for a profound investigation of identity challenges. The objective of the study is to analyze Exit West (2017) from a postcolonial lens, examining the ways in which characters oversee the ontological quest for survival by turning to escapism. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of English, Muslim Youth University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Social Sciences & Humanities, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Taxila, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, AIMS, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/exploring-diasporic-escapism-and-the-ontological-quest-for-survival-a-postcolonial-analysis-of-exit-west https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-II).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Assessment Practices for the Students of Non-Formal and Basic Education in Punjab, Pakistan Ghulam Hussain Fariha Gul Amina Shah Assessment Evaluation Non-formal Basic Education NFBE In order to better understand the assessment process, analyze the certificate awarding system in non-formal and basic education, and review the diagnostic, summative, and formative assessment strategies used by teachers, the study "Assessment Practices for the Students of Non-Formal and Basic Education in Punjab, Pakistan" was conducted. Fifteen teachers and five administrators from Punjab's non-formal and basic education departments participated in interviews for this phenomenological study. Through the use of purposive sampling, content analysis exposed conventional techniques for formative and diagnostic assessments. With an emphasis on students' lower cognitive abilities, a deficiency in pre-service and in-service teacher assessment training was found. The study discovered lost chances to hone higher-order thinking and skill sets. With an emphasis on the necessity of efficient assessment instruments, the single national curriculum seeks to promote these abilities. Prior to fifth grade, the distribution of result cards is emphasized as a tool for student motivation. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Education, University of the Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab Pakistan. Associate professor, Department of Education, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Ph.D Scholar, Department of English and Literary Studies, University of the Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab Pakistan. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/assessment-practices-for-the-students-of-nonformal-and-basic-education-in-punjab-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-II).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Electoral Performance of Religio-Political Parties in Pakistan: An Analysis of 1970 Elections Umer Yaqoob Elections in Pakistan Religion and Politics Jamaat-e-Islami Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan Sunni Shia Politics This paper aims to analyze the electoral performance of religio-political parties in Pakistan with special reference to the first general elections of 1970 held on the basis of adult franchise. This paper seeks to answer the following questions at length to what extent were religio-political parties able to change their supporters into their voters in the 1970 elections, and to what extent did their election campaign and their manifestos reflect the ideological position of religio-political parties with the aim to make Pakistan an ideal Islamic state according to their political vision and what was the impact of sectarian affiliations of religio-political parties on their election performance. To get the answer to these questions a comprehensive analysis of three leading religio-political parties of Pakistan namely Jamaat-e-Islami (JI), Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam(JUI), and Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan(JUP) is presented in this paper. Similarly, the political positioning of Shias during the elections of 1970 is also discussed. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of History and Pakistan Studies, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. (Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.) 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/electoral-performance-of-religiopolitical-parties-in-pakistan-an-analysis-of-1970-elections https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-II).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Driving Licensing Campaign in Punjab: Implications, Impacts, and Crime Reduction Strategies Fahim Ali Syed Imran Ahmad Shah Saleha Fahim Driving Licensing Campaign Fatalities e- Licensing This study explores the Driving Licensing Campaign in Punjab, focusing on its implications, impact, and potential for crime reduction. The campaign aims to regulate and standardize the process of obtaining a driving license, ensuring that only qualified individuals are permitted to drive. This research evaluates the campaign's effectiveness in improving road safety, reducing traffic violations, andvits broader social implications. The study employs both quantitative and qualitative methods, including surveys, interviews, and analysis of traffic incident data, to provide a comprehensive understanding of the campaign's outcomes. Humanity Publications Civil Servant, Department of Military Lands and Cantonment, Govt of Pakistan. Ph.D Scholar, Department of Media & Communication Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Consultant Psychiatrist, Primary & Secondary Health Care Department, Government of Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/driving-licensing-campaign-in-punjab-implications-impacts-and-crime-reduction-strategies https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-II).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Impact of Unplanned Housing Constructions on Environmental Degradation at Murree, Pakistan Shamsa Waheed Abid Ghafoor Chaudhry Environmental Degradation Tourism Sustainable Development Unplanned Construction Murree Environmental degradation simply refers to the deterioration of an environment due to the depletion of resources that make our surroundings livable. The major factors behind environmental degradation involve humans who indulge in modern urbanization, industrialization, overpopulation growth, and deforestation. Nowadays, several kinds of human activities are the leading factors causing environmental degradation in Murree, Pakistan.  Unplanned housing constructions threaten the existing environment and green spaces. This paper aims to address the neglect of environmental values and exceed the unplanned and growing residential and commercial buildings in rural areas. Moreover, all these things may become a big turn-off for most of the tourists. In order to achieve the long-term goal and bring about sustainable progress. Addressing this issue is crucial to preserving the natural beauty, greenery, and safety of Murree. The study offers recommendations for policy improvement and future research direction. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of Anthropology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor & Chairman, Department of Anthropology. PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-impact-of-unplanned-housing-constructions-on-environmental-degradation-at-murree-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-II).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and Gilgit-Baltistan: Regional Prospects, 2015-2020 Nayab Niaz Sikandar Raza Shahab Tahir China-Pakistan Economic Corridor CPEC Gilgit-Baltistan regional development Infrastructure Socio-Economic Impacts The inauguration of the CPEC in 2015 marked a new phase in interconnectivity for China and Pakistan. Gilgit- Baltistan is significant in this context because it is situated between the Himalayan and Karakoram mountain ranges. This strategically vital but breathtakingly beautiful area would combine the Gwadar seaport with the heartland of Xinjiang. On the other hand, the CPEC might provide them benefits at the cost of the environment and the rights of indigenous people. Gilgit-Baltistan emerged as a CPEC benefactor and a battlefield of the interplay between socio-political challenges, environmental stewardship, and economic prospects. This is powered by discourses concerning just growth, cultural identity, and regional stability. Ensuring local empowerment, ecological integrity, and the needs of the growing economy have to be kept in a delicate balance as Gilgit-Baltistan goes through modernization in its global infrastructure and geopolitical dynamics. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of International Relations, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of International Relations, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP Pakistan. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/chinapakistan-economic-corridor-and-gilgitbaltistan-regional-prospects-20152020 https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-II).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Critical Analysis of Paradoxes in National Educational Policy of Pakistan (2017-2025) Mahnoor Akhlaq Muhammad Akbar Khan Lubna Sikander Critical Discourse Analysis Paradoxes National Educational Policy This article conducts a critical discourse analysis of paradoxes embedded within Pakistan's National Educational Policy (2017-2025). This study employs Fairclough’s 3-D model encompassing textual analysis, discourse practice analysis, and sociocultural practice analysis. This research aims to uncover the complex interplay of language and ideology shaping National Educational Policy. The data analysis shows a vast difference between the provisions made in policy and their actual implementation. This research presents how much educational budget is being set by policymakers. But in reality, it is less than the mentioned numerical value. These findings also provide insight into the discursive techniques used to negotiate and build these paradoxes and the consequences for social change and educational practice. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of Languages, The University of Chenab, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Languages, The University of Chenab, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of Languages, The University of Chenab, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/a-critical-analysis-of-paradoxes-in-national-educational-policy-of-pakistan-20172025 https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-II).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Unraveling the Media Crisis in Pakistan: A Qualitative Analysis of the Root Causes of Media Layoffs and Closures Muhammad Abu Bakar Zahid Yousaf Arshad Ali Media Crisis; Pakistani Media; Layoffs; Salary Cuts; Media Closures; Sahafat Kay Nae Aofuq Currently, Pakistan's media industry is facing a severe crisis, some employees have been fired, the remaining staff are asked to work for half their initial pay and many media houses have shut down. Therefore, this qualitative study proposes to explore the origin of this deepening recession crisis by conducting an interview analysis of the documentary titled "Sahafat Kay Nae Aofuq" which presents the professional journalists grappling with these issues directly. The research shows that recession, fallout with governments, and technological advancement are the main causes of the present media chaos. All these factors have not only led to insecurity for the media organizations but also have significantly affected media workers' source of income as well as their motivation. Thus, in tackling the above-mentioned factors, the study aims to offer feasible solutions for the stabilization of the media industry within Pakistan to help the media fraternity survive. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Centre for Media and Communication Studies, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor & Dean, Centre for Media and Communication Studies, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Centre for Media and Communication Studies, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/unraveling-the-media-crisis-in-pakistan-a-qualitative-analysis-of-the-root-causes-of-media-layoffs-and-closures https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-II).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Role of District Education Authorities (DEAs) to Enhance the Quality of Education in Pakistan Shazia Malik Syed Waseem Ul Haq Naqvi Zafar Iqbal Quality Enhancement District Education Authorities (DEA) Quality Education The current paper studies the role of District Education Authorities (DEAs) basic job in the arrangement of advanced education in Pakistan. The objectives of the study were to (a) study the role of District Education Authorizes (DAEs) in improving quality education in Pakistan; (b) roles and responsibilities of DEAs under a system of education that is decentralized, such as the one in Pakistan; and (C) recommend suitable measures how to make the effective role of DAE in improving quality education in Pakistan. The nature of the study was descriptive while a survey was used to collect information from 104 teachers of district Lodhran. The DEA is perceived positively in certain areas, such as quality improvement and administrative authority, but significant challenges remain, particularly in financial management, resource provision, and consistent policy implementation. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, National College of Business Administration & Economics Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Education, National College of Business Administration & Economics Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Education, National College of Business Administration and Economics, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/role-of-district-education-authorities-deas-to-enhance-the-quality-of-education-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-II).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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An Eco-Stylistic Analysis of Agha Shahid Ali’s I See Kashmir from New Dehli at Midnight Rashid Ali Maratab Ali Imran Haider Ecostylistics Kashmir Deviation Parallelism Qualitative Interpretivist Systematic Functional Grammar Zurru’s Approch The basic aim of this study is to foreground the ecological elements through, metaphors, deviations, and parallelisms in Agha Shahid Ali's I See Kashmir from New Delhi at Midnight (2002). The study is qualitative in nature and is based on an interpretive paradigm. The text is used as a primary source of data for the analysis. The data is analyzed through closed reading and textual analysis. The present study uses Halliday’s Systemic Functional Grammar (1985) and Zurru’s (2017) approach as a theoretical framework. The analysis highlights that Agha Shahid Ali has used lexical, graphological, semantic, syntactic, and phonological deviations along with lexical, grammatical, and semantic parallelisms in I See Kashmir from New Delhi at Midnight (2002) to emphasize the fragility and beauty of Kashmir’s natural environment, the impacts of human conflict on the region’s ecology, and the resilience of the natural world amidst political turmoil. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Northern University, Nowshera, KP, Pakistan. Head of Department, Department of English, Northern University, Nowshera, KP, Pakistan. MPhil, Department of English, University of Lahore, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/an-ecostylistic-analysis-of-agha-shahid-alis-i-see-kashmir-from-new-dehli-at-midnight https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-II).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Ingenious Medicinal Herb Practices: Impact of Climate Change on Production and Utilization in Jalalabad Gilgit, Gilgit Baltistan Nida Batool Nazia Rafiq Indigenous Knowledge Herbs Climate Change Medicinal plants are used by many traditional herbal healers to cure many diseases. This study examines local response towards the environmental change, focusing on how the traditional community of Jalalabad, Gilgit understands this change. It examines the perception of people and the use of medicinal herbs produced in the adjacent areas of Jalalabad. Explanatory and qualitative research designs along with semi-structured interviews were administered for data collection. A sample of 20 elderly grandmothers was selected. The findings suggest that several herbs were still in practice to solve the skin, digestive, respiratory, and skin-related problems in the selected community. Due to climate change, many problems emerged over time but still, respondents wanted to continue the use of herbs because of no side effects. The study also recommended that scientific intervention, training, and preservation of traditional knowledge are needed to preserve the indigenous culture and practices of the far northern people. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Anthropology, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University - PMAS AAUR, Rawalpindi, Punjab Pakistan. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/ingenious-medicinal-herb-practices-impact-of-climate-change-on-production-and-utilization-in-jalalabad-gilgit-gilgit-baltistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-II).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Sentiment Analysis of User Comments on Instagram Marriage Posts of Selected Pakistani Actors Farwa Qazalbash Mohsin Hassan Khan Alishbah Naz Sentiment Analysis Pakistani Actors Instagram Marriage Posts Meaning Cloud The study investigated the comments on marriage posts of Pakistani actors to analyze the interplay between negative and positive user-generated opinions. Utilizing tools such as MeaningCloud a comprehensive analysis was carried out on 2000 diverse sets of comments from the marriage posts of 10 Pakistani celebrities. The positive comments were loaded with expressions like 'MashAllah', and 'Cute Couple' to convey admiration for the newly married. However, the findings also reveal the presence of negative sentiments which also emphasize the complexities that arise when public opinion is shaped by conservative societies with strong religious influence. Negative comments are loaded with expressions like 'mujra’ for couple dance, and dislikeness for actors' life choices with words such as 'buri(bad)'.  Thus, it can be construed that on one hand, the positive comments reflect joy and appreciation for achieving a personal milestone like marriage, on the other negative comments indicate adherence to religious and cultural norms. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Applied Linguistics, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Punjab Pakistan. Senior Assistant Professor, Department of Media Studies, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan, Pakistan. Independent Researcher, Pakistan. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/a-sentiment-analysis-of-user-comments-on-instagram-marriage-posts-of-selected-pakistani-actors https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-II).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Here, There and Nowhere: A Spatial Analysis of the Lead’s Existential Experiences in Ravi Chopra’s Film Baghban Saad Salman Sana Gul Kamal Saeed Space Place Existential Insideness and Outsideness Out of Placeness and Placeness Baghban A person is here instead of there, safe instead of in jeopardy, enclosed instead of exposed, and at ease instead of anxious when they feel inside a place. Every place includes Geography/material setting, actions/situations/events that create ideas in the particular place, and the individual creates meaning from the lived experiences. Ravi Chopra's Baghban embodies a spatial exploration of existential insideness and outsideness in the context of a unique combination of Geography (normative), activities, and meaning. Grounded on E. C Relph and Tim Cresswell's theorizations of Space and Place, this research paper examines how the protagonists of the movie experience existential insideness, outsideness, out of placeness, and placeness because of the displacement, familial relationships, material setting, un-involvement, alienation, and created meaning from the lived experiences. At its core, the protagonist in this movie experiences spatial stimuli to tune with the physical setting, situations, and events, and develops meaning from the experiences. Humanity Publications M.Phil. Scholar, Department of English, Khushal Khan Khattak University, Karak, KP, Pakistan. MS Scholar, Department of English, Northern University Nowshera, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, The Next Generation School, Doha, Qatar. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/here-there-and-nowhere-a-spatial-analysis-of-the-leads-existential-experiences-in-ravi-chopras-film-baghban https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-II).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Unpacking the Students’ Experiences in Pakistan: Analyzing the Pursuit of Excellence in Teaching Practices at Higher Education Level Asadullah Muhammad Tahir Khan Farooqi Khalid Saleem Students’ Perceptions Quality teaching practices Higher Education This study aimed to determine students’ insights about quality teaching practices in higher education. The target population of this study was all the students of Punjab province public sector general universities. Using a multistage sampling technique, the researchers randomly selected 1100 students from six public sector universities. A self-developed Questionnaire comprising of 38 items with seven indicators of quality teaching was used for data collection. The study concluded that students perceive that their teachers and institutions employ quality teaching practices across various factors, including managerial competencies, pedagogical skills, professional behavior, and supportive learning environment, availability of resources, student support, and feedback. However, a significant difference was observed based on gender and age. Moreover, male students perceive quality teaching practices more positively than female students. Interestingly, students’ perceptions about quality teaching practices based on their academic program have no significant difference. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Educational Research & Assessment, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan . : Associate Professor, Department of Educational Research & Assessment, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Educational Research & Assessment, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/unpacking-the-students-experiences-in-pakistan-analyzing-the-pursuit-of-excellence-in-teaching-practices-at-higher-education-level https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-III).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Architectural Analysis of the First Gothic Garrison Churches of Rawalpindi and Lahore, Punjab Pakistan During the Colonial Era Kaniez Fatima Mukhtar Ali Durrani Shakir Ullah Church Architecture Colonial Gothic Style Garrison Churches Transept Ground Plan British Engineers Strategic Location Epoch The Paper deals with the convexities of first gothic garrison churches as the stunning sacred structures of Christian community, built in very well-planned zones of British cantonment vicinity of Rawalpindi and Lahore during Colonial era. Garrison churches of Lahore and Rawalpindi had been reserved for high-ranking military officers of British army which developed as the center of lure of all intruders in every era due to their geographically strategic location. British East India Company was established here as a trading company but gradually it was wired up with political and religious roles. British engineers built many sacred structures in Rawalpindi and Lahore. This building epoch gave Lahore and Rawalpindi, as a new form of Gothic style of architecture. Paper analyses that the architectural history of Punjab, Pakistan owes to the British engineers who import this new style of architecture here to make the history of Rawalpindi and Lahore more charismatic. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Archaeology, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Archaeology, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Archaeology, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/architectural-analysis-of-the-first-gothic-garrison-churches-of-rawalpindi-and-lahore-punjab-pakistan-during-the-colonial-era https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-III).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Strength, Thy Name is Woman: Subversion of Gender Identities in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter Inam Ullah Abdul Qayyum Muhammad Bilal Khan Deconstruction Gender Identities Social Construction Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter depicts a strong woman; Hester Prynne, who challenges traditional concept of gender by showing those traits that are mostly associated with men. She is strong, brave and independent. On the other hand, men are weak, coward and dependent. This is symbolic from a Deconstructionist feminist point of view that gender is a social construct rather than natural. Society assigns roles to man and woman, however, these roles are not inherent in nature rather socially constructed and culturally practiced. Therefore, gender roles can be subverted. Hester Prynne is a woman of wondrous strength who challenges and subverts conventional view and Shakespearean idea of woman as frail and weak and shows herself a strong woman. In contrast, characters like Dimmesdale and Chillingworth are embodiment of frailty. This paper focuses on the subversion of gender identities and challenging Shakespearean idea of woman as frail and weak. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, Government Degree College No.1, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government Degree College No.1, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/strength-thy-name-is-woman-subversion-of-gender-identities-in-nathaniel-hawthornes-the-scarlet-letter https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-III).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Sikh-Muslim Relations during the Mughal Era (1526-1801) Arshad Ali Mazhar Abbas Hadaiqa Sardar Sikh-Muslim Relations Mughal Era Harmony Co-Existence Rivalry Animosity This research paper delves into the Sikh-Muslim relations during the Mughal Era (1526-1801) in Punjab. Along with exploring and evaluating the factors that had shaped the relations between these two religious communities, this research study also aims to investigate and appraise the events that took place during this course of time and their subsequent impact on determining the Sikh-Muslim relations. To answer this pertinent question, a qualitative content analysis of both the primary and secondary sources has been made. The findings suggest that initially, the relations between the two communities were cordial, whereas they, due to largely political reasons, turned out to be toxic. For instance, two of the Sikh Gurus were killed by the Mughals. Subsequently, rivalry and hatred replaced harmony and co-existence. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of History, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of History, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of History, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/sikhmuslim-relations-during-the-mughal-era-15261801 https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-III).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Problems and Prospects of Local English-Language Newspapers in KP Muhammad Shahid English Newspapers Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Online Media Local Press This research study discusses the problems and prospects of the English-language newspapers that were either launched in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa or are still being published in the province. The English-language press is a mirror to the international community because English is an international means of communication. However, the English press in KP has been on the decline for a host of reasons. The study concludes that local English newspapers of KP province are losing their readership, particularly print versions, and they also face a lack of advertisements from the government, a lack of business or corporate sector, and the emergence and use of online media, comparatively high prices of the newspapers, In the end, the study gives recommendations, which may guide the owners and media managers of the local English-language newspapers about how to improve the state of the press in the province. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Riphah Institute of Media Sciences (RIMS), Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/problems-and-prospects-of-local-englishlanguage-newspapers-in-kp https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-III).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Effects of Climate Change on Natural Calamities in Pakistan: A Case Study of 2022 Flood Mubeen Shahbaz Bilal Bin Liaqat Anwar Ali Climate Change Flood Natural Calamities Environmental Impacts Global Warming The main objective of this research is to give an insight into the effect of climate change on Pakistan, the case study selected for this research is the 2022 flood. An enormous amount of human misery and economic devastation was wrought by the catastrophic monsoon floods that struck Pakistan in 2022 Pakistan's. The purpose of this study is to look into whether there is a connection between these storms and climate change. Specifically, it will try to figure out how much climate change contributed to how bad the disaster was and what weaknesses made it worse. In addition, the study will look at how well Pakistan's current crisis planning and reaction systems work and suggest ways to make the country more resilient against future climate-related disasters. A mixed-methods study method has been used for this research. Humanity Publications M.Phil. Scholar, Department of International Relations, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor (OPS), Department of International Relations, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor (OPS), Department of Political Science, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/effects-of-climate-change-on-natural-calamities-in-pakistan-a-case-study-of-2022-flood https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-III).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Constructing Identity in the Age of Late Capitalism: Consumerism and Hyperreal Desires in Mohsin Hamid's How to Get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia Uzma Shakoor Nailah Riaz Qasim Shafiq Identity Late Capitalism Consumerism Hyperreal Mohsin Hamid Get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia This study elucidates the examination of contemporary cultural activities that produce hyperreal images and the principles of Late Capitalism. The globalization of production and the commodification of many industries define "late capitalism" in contemporary society. Cultural habits might also alter identity. This research investigates the ways in which advertising, media, and branding fabricate fictitious consumer requirements and affect behavior. Currently, consumerism influences both corporate and personal identity. Mohsin Hamid's How to Be Rich Wealthy in Rising Asia analyzes the influence of goods and services on identities within a changing society. This study examines how postwar capitalism affected economic situations and self-perception. Images of people create misguided desires, according to research. Consumption affects society now. In "late capitalism," the globalization of goods and services consumption influences people. This method will elucidate the impact of consumption on society and the effects of late capitalism on economic, social, and personal behaviors. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor & Chairperson, Department of English Language and Literature, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor & Head, Department of English Language and Literature, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/constructing-identity-in-the-age-of-late-capitalism-consumerism-and-hyperreal-desires-in-mohsin-hamids-how-to-get-filthy-rich-in-rising-asia https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-III).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Depiction of Woman in Heer Waris Shah Sadia Masood Tazeem Imran Irram Nazish Institution Women Representation Religion Punjabi Culture Social Structure In every folktale characters hold a significant place because they are not confined to describing or fantasizing the love relations but they reflect the collective social behaviors of the concerned society. Waris Shah portrays Punjabi culture in his classic Heer Ranjha and elaborates on the internal social system and every character of the tale represents the core realities of society. The present study is to highlight the intellectual, symbolic, social, and cultural representation of female characters in Heer Waris Shah. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Language (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies National University of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Pakistan studies, National University of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/depiction-of-woman-in-heer-waris-shah https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-III).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Astro-Politics: US-India Strategic Cooperation in Space and its Implications for China (2000-2024) Raja M. Abubakar Bashir Mohammad Irfan Ali Abdur Rehman Arms Race in Space US-China Rivalry India Ambitions Offensive-Defensive Approaches The Article aims to investigate the strategic purpose of space as a new battlefield among the great powers of the 21st century. The US sees China as its great adversary in space hence its cooperation with India for strategic purposes to engage China which is posing a national security threat to China. Similarly, increasing Indian space capabilities is also misbalancing the pendulum of power in South Asia. The offensive and defensive approaches from the broader framework of Neo-Realism have been employed to interpret the whole power competition. Qualitative research methodology grounded in post-positivism has been employed. Data would be gathered through the help of primary & secondary sources and document study would also be utilized for data analysis. The findings of the study are expected to show that an arms race in space can cause space warfare among major global powers. Humanity Publications M. Phil Scholar, Department of Political Science and International Relations, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science and International Relations, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Political Science and International Relations, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/astropolitics-usindia-strategic-cooperation-in-space-and-its-implications-for-china-20002024 https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-III).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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The Determinants of Industrial Output in Pakistan: A Time Series Analysis Afaq Amjid Mukamil Shah Noorulain FDI Industrial Growth Exchange Rate Inflation Rate This study investigates the determinants of industrial growth in Pakistan through an empirical analysis of quarterly data spanning from 1970 to 2022. Industrial growth is the dependent variable, while the inflation rate, rate of exchange, foreign direct investment, gross fixed capital formation, and terms of trade are independent variables. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was employed due to the mixed stationarity, as indicated by the augmented dickey-fuller test. The results reveal a positive long-run relationship between FDI and industrial growth, as well as between gross fixed capital formation and industrial growth. Conversely, a negative relationship is observed between the exchange rate and industrial growth, and between the interest rate and industrial growth. All variables to be statistically significant, except for terms of trade. Furthermore, the inflation rate and rate of exchange show a reducing impact on industrial growth, while FDI and gross fixed capital formation contribute positively to industrial growth. Humanity Publications MS Scholar, Department of Economics, Institute of Management Sciences Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Management Sciences Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Economics, Institute of Management Sciences Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-determinants-of-industrial-output-in-pakistan-a-time-series-analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-III).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Media Coverage of Smog in Punjab: A Comparative Study of Urdu and English Dailies Muhammad Tayyab Ashraf Iqbal Raheela Firdous Smog Health Belief Model Mass Media Coverage Climate Change Print Media This research explores the media coverage of smog in Punjab, with a specific focus on Faisalabad city, employing a qualitative research methodology guided by the social learning theory. Smog, a pervasive environmental concern, poses significant challenges to public health and the ecosystem. Understanding how media, in both Urdu and English languages, frames and disseminates information about smog is essential in addressing this pressing environmental issue. The study's central objective is to investigate how language and cultural context influence media portrayals of smog in Urdu and English dailies within the Faisalabad region. This research endeavors to uncover the factors contributing to media narratives surrounding smog. Employing qualitative research techniques, the study seeks to discern the underlying dynamics that influence the framing of smog-related issues in the media, ultimately contributing to more informed environmental discourse and policy initiatives in Punjab. Humanity Publications Research Scholar, Department of Mass Communication, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Mass Communication, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Visiting Faculty, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Punjab Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/media-coverage-of-smog-in-punjab-a-comparative-study-of-urdu-and-english-dailies https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-III).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Macro-Economic Policy Coordination and Macro-Economic Instability in Pakistan Sher Ali Sawera Saeed Asma Saeed Fiscal Policy Monetary Policy Macroeconomic Instability Time-series and Pakistan This study is intended to examine the impact of macroeconomic policies on macroeconomic instability in Pakistan. This study used time series data for the period of 1990 to 2022.  To deal with the stationarity of the data ADF and PP tests are used which suggest the use of ARDL. The existence of a long-run relationship is confirmed by the Bound test. The impact of fiscal & monetary policy is found to be significant in the long run. The impact of the fiscal policy variable (GEXP) on macroeconomic instability (MI) negatively means that an increase in GEXP (expansionary fiscal policy) leads to a decrease in MI while the impact of monetary policy variable IR (tight monetary policy) is found positive and significant in the long run means that the impact of tight monetary policy leads to increase MI. Similarly, the impact of expansionary fiscal policy on MI is effective but the monetary policy variable is effective in the short run. The impact of domestic investment is found to be negative and significant means that an increase in domestic investment leads to a decrease in MI. Therefore this study suggests that special attention should be paid to fiscal and monetary policies to deal with MI in Pakistan. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Islamia College Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. BS Student, Department of Economics, Islamia College Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of Economics, Islamia College Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/macroeconomic-policy-coordination-and-macroeconomic-instability-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-III).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Impacts of Gender Disparity and Socio-Educational Structure on Legal Awareness of Women Inmates: A Case Study of Prisons in Sindh, Pakistan Hira Alvi Khokhar Tabinda Rani Fawad Hussain Education System Criminal Justice System Gender Discrimination Legal Rights Socio-Legal Norms The study is an endeavor to undertake an in-depth analysis of the prevailing injustices faced by women inmates incarcerated in one of the merged prisons(merger of 2 districts)of Sindh Province Pakistan. It aims to explore how social norms, education system, and gender discrimination, collectively influence the women inmates' legal awareness and struggles for availing their legal rights and equitable treatment. By employing a mixed-method research design, including in-depth interviews with women inmates, questionnaires, and an interview guide with open-ended questions, the study uncovered the multifaceted barriers they encounter. The study also advocates fostering a more inclusive and gender-responsive criminal justice system and concludes that the intersectional nature of these challenges impacts legal awareness of women inmates and also has some significant implications for stakeholders and reformists in the context of entertaining the female inmates without gender discrimination as ensuring Article-4 of the 1973 constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Humanity Publications MS ELM Scholar, Department of Education Management and Leadership, SZABIST University, Larkana Campus, Sindh, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Law, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor & Head of Research Center, Faculty of Management Sciences, SZABIST University, Larkana Campus, Sindh, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/impacts-of-gender-disparity-and-socioeducational-structure-on-legal-awareness-of-women-inmates-a-case-study-of-prisons-in-sindh-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-III).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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A Review of the Effectiveness of Teaching Strategies for Diverse Learners Muhammad Tahir Khan Farooqi Sajida Kanwal Mohsin Ali Hasrat Diverse Learners; Teaching Strategies; Pedagogical Skills; Inclusive Education We see diversity in our classrooms. The learners are diverse in their age, race, socio-economic and geographical background, gender, academic and social skills, and physical state. To deal with all this diversity, a teacher has to be equipped with different pedagogical skills and approaches. The main objective of this review was to point out effective teaching strategies for diverse learners. The researcher used Google Scholar as a key search engine and searched articles and books related to the topic of the study by using different keywords. The researcher set the range for the search of relevant material from 2020 to date. The effective teaching strategies included the usage of technology, integration of projects and extracurricular activities in curricula, adaptation of inclusive education and assessment, development of collaboration enhancement of counseling center in the school, focus on individualized and differentiated learning, and ensuring peer learning. Humanity Publications Associate Professor & Chairperson, Department of Educational Research and Assessment, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Faculty of Education, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Faculty of Education, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/a-review-of-the-effectiveness-of-teaching-strategies-for-diverse-learners https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-III).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Harnessing the Potential: Industries Relocation and Export Promotion within the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and Belt and Road Initiative Irfan Ahmed Memon Faryal Sikander Rabia Parveen Soomro China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) Export Promotion Special Economic Zones Infrastructure Development Gwadar Port Industrial Revolution 4.0 Advanced Manufact This paper examines the possibility of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and their impact on industry relocation and export performance. It defines promising industries based on features such as cost advantage, infrastructure, trade environment enhancements, and customs modernization. Enhanced infrastructure, Special Economic Zones (SEZs), and transport and energy projects underpin industrial relocation and trade. Thus, using Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR4.0) auto innovative technologies integrated into Gwadar Port enhances productivity and plays strategic importance. The research outcomes can help policymakers and investors leverage CPEC and BRI prospects to improve Pakistan's exports. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of City & Regional Planning, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture and Planning, Dawood University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, 76062, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/harnessing-the-potential-industries-relocation-and-export-promotion-within-the-chinapakistan-economic-corridor-and-belt-and-road-initiative https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-III).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Examining the Role of Women-Jirga in Mitigating Cultural Challenges Faced by Women: A Case Study of Khwendo-Jirga in Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Since 2013 Sana Amjad Women’s Jirga Sisters’ Council Women Empowerment Feminist Discourses in Pakistan Feminism in Swat Women’s Agency in Swat In patriarchal societies, women have long faced dehumanization and victimization in areas such as education, healthcare, employment, and marriage, leading to deep cultural challenges. This research explores how women in Swat, Pakistan, established the Khwendo-Jirga (Sister’s Council) to challenge these cultural norms and secure their rights. By leveraging the existing power structures, these women created a platform to address the cultural challenges faced by others, challenging male-dominated discourses. The study employs qualitative content analysis based on interviews with Khwendo-Jirga activists and women who benefited from its decisions, alongside a review of secondary sources. It investigates the formation of the Khwendo-Jirga, the challenges it encountered, and its broader role in feminist discourse, particularly within Swat. The paper emphasizes the need for further research to amplify the voices of Pashtun women, whose struggles for agency and empowerment have often been overlooked. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/examining-the-role-of-womenjirga-in-mitigating-cultural-challenges-faced-by-women-a-case-study-of-khwendojirga-in-swat-khyber-pakhtunkhwa-pakistan-since-2013 https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-III).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Sustainability of External Debt in Developing Countries: An Empirical Evidence Muhammad Haroon Arshad Ali Bhatti Sustainability External Debt Cointegration Current Account Exports Imports The paper attempts to investigate the issue of sustainability of external debt in developing countries for the period of 1980 to 2020. We have used the standard intertemporal approach of current account balance to examine the issue of external debt sustainability. The results of standard panel cointegration models reveal that external debt in developing countries is found to be sustainable for the given period since a strong cointegration between exports and imports is found in these countries. This cointegration between exports and imports necessarily implies that developing countries are satisfying their external constraint or the solvency condition which restricts them from lending or borrowing in international financial markets for indefinite time. Besides, strong cointegration also implies that developing countries are generating enough trade surpluses today which makes them unable to finance their future external debt thereby posing no issue for the sustainability of external debt. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Economics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Chairperson & Professor, Department of Economics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/sustainability-of-external-debt-in-developing-countries-an-empirical-evidence https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-III).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:395434 2024-09-30 grr

Subaltern Voices and Strategic Essentialism in Silko’s The Man to Send Rain Clouds Khan Zahra Tayyba Rasool Asim Aqeel Leon Silko Subaltern Voices Strategic Essentialism Pueblo This article studies the Subaltern voices and Strategic Essentialism in Leslie Marmon Silko’s The Man to Send Rain Clouds. These concepts unveil individual voices raised against the power structures and the Pueblo characters strategically respond towards the Western’s hegemony and syncretism. There is depiction of rebellion and adaptation through Subalternity and Strategic Essentialism respectively, by the Native Americans in the short story. Leon’s effort towards securing his traditional values and cultural practices, highlights struggle towards autonomy and preservation in the text. The story depicts the uncertainty of preservation and adaptation, as characters suggest to quench the thirst of the old man through Catholic’s Holy water. This paper discloses the harms committed by the Euro-Americans to the Native American culture and the Natives' efforts to preserve their culture and to survive under the oppressive regime. Humanity Publications M. Phil Scholars, Department of English Literature, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. M. Phil Scholars, Department of English Literature, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of English and Linguistics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/subaltern-voices-and-strategic-essentialism-in-silkos-the-man-to-send-rain-clouds https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-III).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:395471 2024-09-30 grr

Analytical Examination of Malaysia-Pakistan Bilateral Relations: Historical Foundations and Contemporary Challenges in the 21st Century Fariah Mehboob Pakistan Malaysia International Relations Diplomacy Politico-Economic Relations Islamic World This paper aims to provide an analytical account of Malaysia-Pakistan relations with a focus on the historical background and the challenges of the 21st century. In this study, secondary data has been used to analyze the bilateral relations between the two countries in terms of political, security, and economic facets. This study aims to examine the political relations between Malaysia and Pakistan with the aim of identifying the successes and the existing problems that define diplomacy. In addition, it evaluates the strategic security interactions that are pertinent to the stability of the region. The paper also makes some future predictions by analyzing the current situation and possible situations that may improve or worsen the bilateral relations. Thus, the goal of this research is to describe the main features of Malaysia-Pakistan relations in the context of the modern geopolitical environment to identify the challenges and prospects for their development. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies National University of Modern Languages (Numl) Rawalpindi Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/analytical-examination-of-malaysiapakistan-bilateral-relations-historical-foundations-and-contemporary-challenges-in-the-21st-century https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-III).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:395524 2024-09-30 grr

The Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence and its Socio-psychological Consequences for Couples in District Mansehra Khalid Ahmed Khalil ur Rahman Fakhr Ud Din Violence Social Emotional Support Gender Intimate partner violence (IPV) is complicated, multifaceted, and can have very serious consequences for people, families and kids. This paper examines the psychological and social effects resulting from intimate partner violence (IPV) among married couples in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, District Mansehra. A multi-stage sampling was performed with 384 participants, and the survey was conducted in Urdu and Hindko languages. This study explored the consequences, social and emotional, of intimate partner violence (IPV), utilizing structured Likert scales. The SPSS was used for the univariate and bivariate analyses. Chi square testing was used to determine the relationships between types of IPV and their effects. Results demonstrated a strong association between IPV and psychological and emotional damage and demonstrated the need for comprehensive therapies. These include awareness campaigns, gender equality initiatives, support services for survivors, legal reforms, economic empowerment and integrated healthcare interventions. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of Sociology, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of Sociology, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/the-prevalence-of-intimate-partner-violence-and-its-sociopsychological-consequences-for-couples-in-district-mansehra https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-III).20 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:395571 2024-09-30 grr

Pakistan Child’s Labour Situation in the Presence of International Conventions Shah Fahad Sumayya Maria D'Arienzo Child Labour Protection Domestic Law International Law The aim of the study is to present a comprehensive examination of the resources that determine whether Pakistan's child labor regulations are implemented successfully or not. The government appropriately complies with the international human rights rules on child labor. Despite the signatories to the international convention, and the efforts and objectives to enhance the child protection system, the outcomes were mostly bad. Currently, millions of youngsters are employed in various auto-mechanic shops and industries. The main factor contributing to the increase in child labor cases is the poor implementation of policies and initiatives aimed at supporting the child protection system. It is clear from the constitution and laws that child labor is a harsh and unlawful practice that eventually impairs children's moral, social, and psychological development. The purpose of this study is to investigate and evaluate child labor, child abuse, and the denial of children's rights in Pakistan for these reasons. Humanity Publications Ph.D. in Human Rights, History, Theory and Practice, Department of Law, University of Naples Federico II, Italy. Master of Business Administration, Department of Management Science, Abasyn University Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Jurisprudence, University of Naples Federico II, Italy. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/pakistan-childs-labour-situation-in-the-presence-of-international-conventions https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-III).21 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:395614 2024-09-30 grr

Derogation of Human Rights under the Covenant and their Suspension during Emergency and Civil Martial Law, in India and Pakistan Maryam Shahid Mehnaz Begum Iftikhar Ahmad Khan Derogation Human Rights ICCPR Emergency Powers Civil Martial Law Pakistan India This article focuses on the derogation of human rights provisions under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) in states of emergency and civil martial law in India and Pakistan. The author tries to analyze how both countries justify the suspension of some human rights in a national security crisis while preserving the fundamental principles of human dignity. The article discusses those non-derivable rights, such as the right to life, protection from torture, and freedom from slavery, which cannot be suspended, even in emergency conditions. The article criticizes the freedoms limited by military and executive powers through a comparative analysis of counter-terrorism laws and the reliance on emergency measures. The article ends by recommending ways for these actions to come into compliance with international human rights standards and protection of individual freedom. Humanity Publications Researcher/LLM Student, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Sharia and Law, Islamia College Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Shariah and Law, Islamia College University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/derogation-of-human-rights-under-the-covenant-and-their-suspension-during-emergency-and-civil-martial-law-in-india-and-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-III).22 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

oai:grrjournal.com:395630 2024-09-30 grr

Analyzing the Impact of Mnemonics on Teaching English Vocabulary to Undergraduates in District Swat Muhammad Aslam Khan Asad Ullah Jalil Ur Rab Mnemonic Technique English Vocabulary Undergraduates Words Meaning Use Context The present study is concerned with the impact of mnemonic techniques on learning English vocabulary for undergraduates. The data was collected from a sample of eighty eleventh-grade undergraduates having equal numbers in the control and experimental groups from two colleges in Swat. A vocabulary knowledge scale created by Wesche and Paribakht was utilized for the pre-and post-tests. A quasi-experimental design was utilized to collect and analyze the data of proficiency tests quantitatively. Both the groups were pre-tested before treatment. The experimental group was taught English vocabulary through the mnemonic technique for a period of six weeks and the control group through the traditional way. The proficiency of both groups was tested in a post-test. The statistical analysis of data shows that the mnemonic technique had an impact on English vocabulary acquisition. The findings suggest that this method is an effective technique for improving vocabulary retention and acquisition in a variety of linguistic situations. Humanity Publications M.Phil. Scholar, Department of English, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. BS. Scholar, Department of English and Foreign languages, University of Swat, Swat, KP, Pakistan. M.Phil. Scholar, Department of English, Hazara, University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://grrjournal.com/article/analyzing-the-impact-of-mnemonics-on-teaching-english-vocabulary-to-undergraduates-in-district-swat https://doi.org/10.31703/grr.2024(IX-III).23 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Regional Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan