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Global Regional Review

Contents Volume III Issue I ( 2018)

Indo-US Strategic Partnership and Regional Politics
Abstract:	The United States and India relationship has changed from offense to more extensive engagement since 2004. 0With mutual interest and potential of both, the US and India relationship has matured into a strategic partnership through mutual atomic cooperation. This paper investigates the cost and advantage of the strategic partnership of India and the US and the effect on the South Asian balance of power in the backdrop of PakUS relationships. It additionally concentrates on the security structure of the neighborhood, and challenges for the US to keep up strategic partnerships with the opponents India and Pakistan. ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Mujahid Hussain Senior Lecturer Department of Humanities and Social Sciences,Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan 2-Syed Umair Jalal MPhil. Scholar,Department of Political Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan 3-Muhammad Bilal Assistant Registrar Women University, Swabi, KP, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Indo-US, Strategic Partnership, South Asia, 9/11, Politics
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).01	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).01
Page Nos:	1-16	Volume & Issue:	III-I
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Crafting Resistance through Narratives in Afghanistan
Abstract:	Narrative offers an evocative opportunity to understand the power of knowledge manipulation within the public policy system. Despite the influence of narratives in designing, formulating, and implementing of public policies, it is a relatively nascent concept in public policy studies.The war in Afghanistan truly represents a battle of narratives. This paper takes a Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) approach to explore the narratives used by resistance forces in Afghanistan within the belief system of a religion. It acknowledges that narratives matter and that by studying the same, one can construe their influence on policies. The paper finds that resistance groups such as the Taliban, mobilize support and operate in battlefields across Afghanistan; simultaneously bolstering t ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Tahir Ul Mulk Kahlon Assistant Professor,Department of Government and Public Policy, Faculty of Contemporary Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2-Ghulam Qumber Deputy Director ISSRA, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan 3-Rafaqat Islam Faculty of Institute for Strategic Studies, Research and Analysis (ISSRA), National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Resistance Policy, Narrative Policy Framework, Taliban, Afghanistan
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).02	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).02
Page Nos:	17-31	Volume & Issue:	III-I
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Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene in Pakistan: An Assessment of the Support of the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank (2000-2016)
Abstract:	An effective Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) is considered as one of the building blocks for the health of a populace. Unfortunately, this sector in Pakistan is quite fragile, and the intensity of fragility varies from one unit of the state to the other. However, for the development of WASH in Pakistan, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the World Bank (WB) are providing assistance in project preparation and implementation. This paper outlines the causes of the poor condition of WASH sector in Pakistan. Moreover, it evaluates the interventions of the ADB and the WB in the country from 2000-20016. It is also pondered over whether or not these interventions have brought betterment in WASH sector in different provinces of Pakistan. More importantly, the paper also highlig ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Huma Ikhlaq Lecturer, University of Lahore,Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2-Sohail Ahmad Assistant Professor,Department of Humanities,COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 3-Inayat Kalim Assistant Professor,Department of Humanities,COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Pakistan, Water Sanitation and Hygiene, World Bank
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).03	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).03
Page Nos:	32-45	Volume & Issue:	III-I
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Regional Security Implications of ChinaPakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)
Abstract:	CPEC is the first of the Belt and Road Initiative’s (BRI) six envisioned corridors and the flagship project connecting the belt from Kashgar with the maritime Silk Road at Gwadar Port of Pakistan. From Pakistan’s perspective, this project has been labelled “Fate Changer” for Pakistan and “Game Changer” for the entire region. CPEC is expected to bring significant economic and geo-strategic benefits for Pakistan and China. The expected investment of USD 60 billion will elevate Pakistan’s economy and security. Both the countries remain committed to see its timely completion. While CPEC offers opportunities at global, regional and domestic levels, it faces some internal and external challenges. Therefore, a comprehensive approach in realm of foreign policy initiati ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Ghulam Qumber Deputy Director, ISSRA, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2-Waseem Ishaque Assistant Professor,Department of IR, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 3-Syed Jawad Shah Deputy Director, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Keywords:	CPEC, Fate Changer, Game Changer, WinWin Cooperation
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).04	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).04
Page Nos:	46-63	Volume & Issue:	III-I
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China Pakistan Economic Corridor and the Complex Interdependence
Abstract:	Presented in the late 70s, the theory of Complex Interdependence is in line with the contemporary scenario of international politics. International politics has given up the traditional approaches of hard power. Non-state actors now serve as significant stakeholders in world peace. This paper examines CPEC along the framework of Complex Interdependence. China will build a network of roads, railways and highways across Pakistan, contributing to infrastructure development and economic growth. The notion that China and Pakistan are “iron brothers” is popular among the diplomatic circles of both states. Both states share military, diplomatic and strategic ties. However, the economic ties could not be realized to the full potential as contacts at the societal level are minim ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Sohail Ahmad Assistant Professor,Department of International Relation,COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2-Sadia Sohail MS scholar,Department of International Relations,COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan. 3-Muhammad Rizwan MS scholar,Department of International Relations,COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan.
Keywords:	CPEC, China, Pakistan, Complex Interdependence, Challenges, China
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).05	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).05
Page Nos:	64-75	Volume & Issue:	III-I
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Evaluation of the Post-Insurgency Rehabilitation Program in Sri Lanka
Abstract:	In the broader Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) programs, the terms ‘rehabilitation’ and ‘reintegration’ are erroneously used as synonyms. The manifestation of these two distinct phases of a program can be seen in many affected parts of the world. Sri Lanka is one such place where the rehabilitation program was launched after an extended war against insurgency. The vigilantes constituted by the Sri Lankan armed forces, known as Civil Defense Forces (CDF) has been controversial. This paper differentiates the theory and practice and explains what could be done to enhance the capacity and effectiveness of the programs ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Ilam Khan PhD Scholar, Department of Peace and Conflict Studies,Center for International Peace and Stability (CIPS), National University of Sciences and Technology 2-Ahmed Saeed Minhas Ex-Director,Institute for Strategic Studies, Research and Analysis (ISSRA),National Defense University (NDU), Islamabad, Pakistan. 3-Hajra Nasir Satti MS Scholar, Department of International Relations,COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Rehabilitation, reintegration, DDR, ex-combatants
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).06	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).06
Page Nos:	76-90	Volume & Issue:	III-I
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Mitigating Challenges of CASA-1000 for Greater Regional Cooperation
Abstract:	To sustain economic growth of the South Asian region, an uninterrupted supply of abundant Central Asian energy needs to be ensured. The situation for energy trade between the two regions is mutually beneficial. The Central Asia South Asia Electricity Transmission and Trade Project (CASA-1000) is a well-thought initiative to fulfill the energy demands of the region by transmitting 1300 megawatts electricity from Tajikistan and Kyrgyz Republic to Afghanistan and Pakistan. Central Asian partners are enthusiastic on the completion of CASA-1000 as the project is expected to bring an economic boost to the countries. Despite many opportunities, the project is facing some challenges in the form of financing of the project, security of the transmission lines, political instability o ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Zaheer Abbas MS Scholar,Department of International Relations,COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2-Manzoor Khan Afridi Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities, IIUI, Islamabad, Pakistan. 3-Inayat Kalim Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Keywords:	CASA-1000, Central Asia, South Asia, Pakistan, Afghanistan
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).07	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).07
Page Nos:	91-106	Volume & Issue:	III-I
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Foreign Debt and its Implications for Pakistan’s National Security
Abstract:	National security implications of the rising government debt in Pakistan increase concerns about military powers such as the USA and industrial giants such as Japan. This paper examines the unprecedented rise and abundant use of debt by governments since 2008. Apart from economic sustainability risks of the debt, the paper also traces history of Pakistan’s search for national security since 1947. Pakistan achieved nuclear capability in the face of opposition from the USA. There are fears that in the presence of huge external debts and low capacity to service them, Pakistan may not be able to take independent decisions regarding national security. The paper offers recommendations to overcome the threats ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Rafaqat Islam Faculty of Institute for Strategic Studies,Research and Analysis (ISSRA), National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2-Sarfraz Hussain Ansari Assistant Professor, Department of Government and Public Policy, Faculty of Contemporary Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 3-Shahzad Hussain Assistant Professor, Department of Government and Public Policy,Faculty of Contemporary Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Foreign Debt, National Security, Exacerbation, Sanctions, Legislation
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).08	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).08
Page Nos:	107-127	Volume & Issue:	III-I
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Expression of Socio-Political Zeitgeist in Tsarist Central Asia Printing
Abstract:	Orientalist approach to Central Asia especially Bukhara in our historical references present a romantic picture. This paper takes publications and printing as the indicator of intellectual maturity of the population and progressive zeitgeist in socio-political life. Analysis of historical events and facts reveal very little appetite of reading, almost universal ignorance and scarcity of written/printed books. The transformation of Central Asia took place after introduction of presses during the Tsarist control. With the arrival of printing, not only literacy increased but also the scope, number and range of topics expanded. As a result of printing/publication, the Jadidist ideology emerged and opposed the Qadimist status quo. Ultimately the Jadids prevailed. Therefore, the p ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Ayaz Ahmad Lecturer,Department of English,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2-Muhammad Bilal Assistant Registrar, Women University, Swabi, KP, Pakistan. 3-Asghar Khan Lecturer Department of Regional Studies,University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Central Asia, Publication, Printing, Sociopolitical Zeitgeist, Orientalism
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).09	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).09
Page Nos:	128-137	Volume & Issue:	III-I
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Strategic Significance of Pakistan’s Counter Terrorism Efforts Since 2014
Abstract:	Pakistan is successfully fighting against militants in its tribal areas. The threat in tribal areas has complicated security situation. Many terrorist groups allegedly operate in FATA, e.g. Hafiz Gul Buhadur Group, Molvi Nazir Group, the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan, and the Haqqani Network/ Afghan Taliban. The operation Zarb-I-Azb was a huge success. Pakistan’s army destroyed many IED Factories, dismantled training Centers of the Suicide Bombers run by different terrorist groups and TTP Run Media Centers, exposed detention centers of militants and recovered foreign currency during Operation Zarb-i-Azb. For long term peace and stability in tribal areas, the government must carry out reconstruction and development programs aon a large scale. There is a need to rebuild the capa ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Masood Ur Rehman Khattak Assistant Professor, Department of Politics and International Relations,International Islamic University Islamabad (IIUI), Pakistan. 2-Tauqeer Hussain Sargana Assistant Professor, Department of Politics and International Relations, International Islamic University Islamabad (IIUI), Pakistan. 3-Mujahid Hussain Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities & Social Sciences,Bahria University Islamabad, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Terrorism, Taliban, TTP, FATA, Haqqani Network, NATO
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).10	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).10
Page Nos:	138-154	Volume & Issue:	III-I
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Indo-Russian Missile Defense Deal: Re-Calibration of Ties
Abstract:	Russia has been India’s all-weather friend and strategic partner for the past 70 years. However, for a decade or so, they are drifting away and are seeking new friends and partners. India has been making new partners in the West and Russia is working closely with China to counter US hegemony. It has been forging warmer, more cooperative relations with Pakistan. In this scenario, the recent missile defense deal can be considered a milestone in bilateral relations between India and Russia, ushering in a new era in relations. Mutual interests and politics led both states to recalibrate their relation so as to not lose old, trusted partners and simultaneously maintain strategic autonomy. This research qualitatively analyzes the structural drivers in the relation of the two sta ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Sahar Anwar Khan Lecturer,Department of International Relations,Women University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2-Uroosa Ishfaq MS Scholar,Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Paksitan. 3-Muhammad Usman Ullah Junior Research Fellow,Humanity Research Council,Islamabad, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Russia, India, S-400 Defense, Defense deal, Structuralism
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).11	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).11
Page Nos:	155-165	Volume & Issue:	III-I
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Avoiding Zero-Sum between Iran and Saudi Arabia: Pragmatism in Pakistan’s Gulf Policy
Abstract:	Foreign policy formulation and management is quite sensitive. No country can either desire or afford to remain isolated internationally. Furthermore, a state is always concerned with its security and survival and cannot afford to sacrifice national interests. As a member of the international community, states, apart from ensuring their national interests are also expected to play their due role for international peace and stability. Pakistan has always followed a pragmatic foreign policy and demonstrated exceptional skills in balancing her relations with major powers and regional players. Pakistan has also maintained a finely balanced policy towards Middle East and Gulf. The crises in Yemen, transformation in the Middle East and transitional balance of power demand a reevalu ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Syed Jawad Shah Deputy Director, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2-Waseem Ishaque Assistant Professor, Department of IR,National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 3-Noor Fatima Assistant Professor,Department of International Relations,International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Balance of Power, Zero Sum Game
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).12	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).12
Page Nos:	166-181	Volume & Issue:	III-I
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Nuclear Security and Diplomacy in South Asia: Future Prospects for the Nuclear Pakistan
Abstract:	This paper rationalizes the major pressures on Pakistani nuclear program in a regional perspective and explores the sufficiency of various solutions that Pakistan can adopt to cope with them. The paper argues that though Pakistan reluctantly entered the nuclear race compelled by India, the club of early nuclear powers does not recognize this compulsion. The pressures on Pakistan are multifarious: sanctions on acquisition of arms, aid, and engaging in economic activities and overt/covert diplomacy (ranging from persuasion to intimidation and isolation). The paper finds that for Pakistan, besides nuclear arms, the main issues are her statehood, security, and development. The paper recommends that future demographic developments and finding a solution to the economic woes would ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Asghar Khan Lecturer, Department of Regional Studies, Department of Regional Studies, 2-Amjad Ali Dadda Independent Research Scholar,Islamabad, Pakistan. 3-Syed Ali Shah Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Nuclear Security, Diplomacy, Strategic, Pakistan, South Asia
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).13	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).13
Page Nos:	182-196	Volume & Issue:	III-I
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The Impact of Power Structure on Sustainable Ecotourism at Chitral Gol National Park Pakistan
Abstract:	This research investigated the issues of power structure and government policies and its implementation towards sustainable ecotourism development in Chitral Gol National Park Pakistan (CGNP). Data was collected through unstructured questionnaires from staff members, community and tourists. The respondents were selected by using purposive sampling technique. Qualitative data techniques such as focus group discussion and in-depth interviews were conducted with the key stakeholders to explore the effect of policies, implementation and power structure on sustainable ecotourism. The results suggest that there is an imbalance of power structure and poor policy implementation that badly affect the sustainable ecotourism at CGNP. This study can be replicated in other National Park ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Mohib ullah PhD Scholar,Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. 2-Amran Rasli Professor, Azman Hashim International Business School,Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 3-Fayaz Ali Shah Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences,Islamia College University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Policy Implementation, Power Structure, Sustainability, Chitral Gol National Park
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).14	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).14
Page Nos:	197-207	Volume & Issue:	III-I
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Pakistan and India Trade Potential
Abstract:	South Asian region could not achieve prosperity and growth until Pakistan and India work together for the development of trade relations. Their cordial trade links would open the gate of opportunities for all. This is only possible if rivalry is removed and supportive environment for trade is introduced. This article is addressing the question whether there is any potential for trade between Pakistan and India or not? An affirmative answer to this question encourages both giants to divert their productive energies towards economic interdependence and regional uplift. Pakistan and India have the potential of trade, though trade has both characters of competitiveness and complementarity while both can lead to prosperous trade relations if sincerely pursued. Competitiveness wo ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Saima Gul PhD ScholarDepartment of International Relations, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2-Shaukat Lecturer,Department of Political Science,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 3-Shaista Gohar Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Competitiveness, Complementarity, Formal and Informal Trade, Interdependence
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).15	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).15
Page Nos:	208-221	Volume & Issue:	III-I
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Measuring the Administrative Satisfaction of Government Higher Secondary School Principals in Punjab
Abstract:	The study was intended to look into the level of administrative satisfaction experienced by the government higher secondary school principals . The target population of the study was all the principals working in government higher Secondary School of the Punjab province. A sample of one hundred principals from seven districts participated in this study. The researcher developed a questionnaire to measure administrative satisfaction among male and female principals. Two research questions guided the study. Data collected with the instrument were analyzed both descriptively and inferentially using mean, standard deviation. The results revealed that the principals working in government higher secondary schools experience a moderate level of administrative satisfaction. The lev ... Read More - Download PDF
Author/s:	1-Khuda Bakhsh Assistant Professor, Department of Education,Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Shafqat Rasool Lecturer, Department of Education,, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Khaliq Hussain PhD Scholar, Department of Education, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Principal, Higher Secondary School, Government, Administrative Satisfaction, Punjab
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).16	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).16
Page Nos:	222-233	Volume & Issue:	III-I
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Takaful, Insurer type and Efficiency: An Application of Parametric Approach
Abstract:	This study is conducted in two steps. Firstly, Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA) is applied to estimate efficiency of the Takaful and conventional insurance firms in Pakistan from 2005 to 2010. It is found that life insurers are performing poor in comparison to general insurers. In addition, Takaful firms are found less cost efficient in comparison to conventional insurance firms. Secondly, the Tobit results imply that the size, investment and claim are found negatively related with the efficiency of insurance companies which suggests that larger size raise the cost of doing business whereas, due to financial crises the investment of large firms are also dropped. Moreover, improvement in minimum capital requirement is found fruit full both for cost and profit efficiencies. ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Muhammad Jam e Kausar Ali Asghar Assistant Professor,Department of Management Sciences, University of South Asia, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Abdul Zahid Khan Assistant Professor, Department of Technology Management, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. 3-Hafiz Ghufran Ali Khan Assistant Professor,Department of Management Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Insurance, Takaful, Value added approach, SFA, Tobit
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).17	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).17
Page Nos:	234-252	Volume & Issue:	III-I
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The Implementation Challenges to Women Protection Laws in Pakistan
Abstract:	Gender equality and the elimination of violence against women has been taken a high priority on the international development agenda. Pakistan has introduced different laws from time to time for the safety and protection of women across the country including the different provinces. The paper analyzed pro-women and girl laws in the provinces of Sindh and tried to find out the barriers in the implementation of such laws. The major barriers found include the structural barriers at the level of judicial, police and the system of prosecution. In addition, the socio-cultural normative structure of society is strongly patriarchal. The political interests of different leaders, as well as political parties, also get the issue of implementation compromised. ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Muhammad Zubair Associate Professor, Department of Law, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2-Syed Imran Haider Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, SW & Pop. Studies,Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 3-Farhana Khattak Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, SW & Pop. Studies,Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Women Protection Laws, Gender Equality, Barriers, Justice System
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).18	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).18
Page Nos:	253-264	Volume & Issue:	III-I
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Productivity in the Emerging Asian Economies
Abstract:	Total factor productivity (TFP) has played a vital role in fostering the growth of the agriculture and manufacturing sectors of emerging Asian economies. However, few attempts have been made to unveil this link. The core objective of our paper is to evaluate TFP growth via two different approaches (1) growth accounting framework and (2) Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for emerging Asian economies, namely, China, Pakistan, India, Indonesia, South Korea, and Japan. Results obtained from both approaches revealed that on average productivity performance increased for the sample countries over the study period. Furthermore, DEA results indicated that increase in agriculture and manufacturing sector’s productivity is largely attributable to the technological advancement in thes ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Asma Saeed PhD Scholar, Department of Economics, Pakhtunkhwa Economic Policy Research Institute, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2-Zahoor Ul Haq Professor, Department of Economics, Pakhtunkhwa Economic Policy Research Institute,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 3-Javed Iqbal Assistant Professor,Department of Economics, Pakhtunkhwa Economic Policy Research Institute, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Data Envelopment Analysis; Growth Accounting Framework; Productivity; Total Factor Productivity.
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).19	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).19
Page Nos:	265-280	Volume & Issue:	III-I
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Attitude and its Aspects towards English Language Learning among the Students of Public and Private Schools of Gujranwala
Abstract:	This comparative study investigates the learners' attitudes towards learning English from two comparative education systems (private and public sector) of Pakistan. This study is an attempt to measure the cognitive, emotional and behavioral attitudes of these young learners towards English. The research methodology is quantitative in nature. The tool used for data analysis by the researchers is questionnaire. Steal’s (2004) questionnaire has been used to measure the attitude of the learners towards English language. The data has been collected from 100 students of four different schools including two private and two public schools in Gujranwala district. The quantitative analysis of the data is executed by SPSS and the findings reveal that the students of private schools s ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Muhammad Shahbaz Assistant Professor, Department of English, GC Women University, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Behzad Anwar Assistant Professor,Department of English, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Muhammad Babar Jamil Assistant Professor,Department of English,Gift University, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	L2 Attitude, Public Schools, Private Schools, Gujranwala Pakistan
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).20	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).20
Page Nos:	281-293	Volume & Issue:	III-I
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Volatility of Regional Sharia Compliance Returns and US News Impact
Abstract:	Investigation of the impact of US News proxy on the returns of regional sharia compliance indices and volatility is the primary aim of this study. The daily data of Dow Jones Islamic index (DJII), Jakarata Islamic Index (JKII), Karachi Meezan Islamic Index (KMI) and Standard and Poor 500 stock index has been taken for the period of July 01, 2013 to June 30, 2018. GARCH (1,1) is extended with US News proxy for KMI, DJII and JKII. US news proxy identifies that leverage effect reveal the long run persistency in volatility. EGARCH (1,1) model indicates that higher volatility has bee also increased by bad news than good news due to leverage effect in sharia compliance returns. This study leads to extend various assets pricing models by modeling the volatility and will also inform ... Read More - Download PDF
Author/s:	1-Kashif Hamid Lecturer, Institute of Business Management Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Rana Shahid Imdad Akash Assistant Professor,University of Sargodha,Women Campus, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Muhammad Mudasar Ghafoor Director,University of The Punjab, Jhelum Campus, Jhelum, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	US News, Volatility, Sharia Compliance Indices, Leverage Effect
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).21	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).21
Page Nos:	294-307	Volume & Issue:	III-I
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Socio-Cultural Determinants of Child Marriages and Teenage Pregnancies among Adolescent Girls and Young Women: A Case Study of District Sanghar and Karachi
Abstract:	Child marriages and early age pregnancy are an alarming issue among adolescent girls and young females in South Asian region. This research was carried out to understand the knowledge, attitude, and practices towards child marriages and early age pregnancies. For this purpose an exploratory research design was employed and data was gathered through using qualitative and quantitative research techniques. The research found that the respondents were lacking authentic knowledge about sexual and reproductive health rights. Most of the respondents were having access to public and private health service providers and this channel can be a source for the quality information about sexual and reproduce health and rights. An integrated approach through combing all the channels and st ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Syed Imran Haider Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2-Arshad Khan Bangash Assistant Professor,Department of Sociology, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Pakistan. 3-Muhammad Ali PhD Scholar,Goethe University, Frankfurt Main, Germany.
Keywords:	Adolescents, Child Marriage, Reproductive Health, Teenage Pregnancy
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).22	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).22
Page Nos:	308-320	Volume & Issue:	III-I
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Paradigm Shift from Conventional to Islamic Banking System: A Case of the Conversion of Taqwa Islamic Banking in Pakistan
Abstract:	The paradigm shift in banking industry from conventional to Islamic system of banking has been evident in previous decade. Conventional institutions are also either setting-up Islamic subsidiaries or converting conventional set-up into Islamic. The bank of Punjab started Taqwa Islamic Banking-(TIB) by converting its 1st branch into Islamic banking in 2012. In 2014, the bank completed one of the largest conversion project by converting 24 conventional into Islamic banking. In this paper, the regulatory guidelines of SBP in respect to conversion is discussed and procedure adopted by the bank of Punjab-TIB- is studied and analyzed. Practical complications and key problems faced by BOP-TIB and its possible solution is also presented. The study will provide a clear view of the c ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Muhammad Mushtaq Ahmed Assistant Professor,Department of Islamic & Arabic Studies,University of Swat, Swat, KP, Pakistan. 2-Javed Khan Lecturer, Department of Islamic & Arabic Studies, University of Swat, Swat, KP, Pakistan. 3-Fazl e Haq Lecturer, Department of Islamic & Arabic Studies,University of Swat, Swat, KP, Pakistan
Keywords:	Paradigm shift, Islamic Banking, Conversion, SBP, The Bank of Punjab
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).23	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).23
Page Nos:	321-332	Volume & Issue:	III-I
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Anthropometric and Physical Fitness of the Under-16 Regional-School Cricket Players, of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Abstract:	The aim of this study was to analysis the anthropometry and fitness of the under-16 regional and school cricket players. Twenty participants were selected from the Bahawalpur regional cricket team and (n = 20) from school teams. Selected variables were height, weight, skinfolds, girths, bone lengths, breadths, 30-m race, set-ups, hand grip strength, flexibility, standing broad jump, and agility. the anthropometric and physical fitness of regional and school cricket players was compared by applying Independent t-test. The results disclosed that the regional cricket players were significantly higher in arm span, arm length, and leg lengths, shoulder, elbow and knee breadths. The regional cricketers were faster in 30 m sprints, hand grip strength, setups, flexibility, and standi ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Muhammad Tahir Nazeer Assistant Professor,Department of Sports Science & Physical Education,The Punjab University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Muhammad Zia Ul Haq Lecturer,Department of Physical Education & Sports Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. 3-Muhammad Badar Habib Lecturer,Department of Physical Education & Sports Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Anthropometry, Body Segments, Cricket Bowling, Cricket Batting, Cricket Players
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).24	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).24
Page Nos:	333-342	Volume & Issue:	III-I
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Child Rights Situation in Pakistan
Abstract:	The research regarding Child rights in Pakistan has immense magnitude for the socio-economic development in Pakistan. Resembling the majority of the worlds developing countries, Pakistan is also facing numerous social and economic problems. The weaker economic condition of the society resulted in an environment of uneven social conditions and class discrimination which becomes a huge hurdle in the way of attainment of a prosperous society. However, the most vulnerable element of society which is mainly affected by the worse social or economic condition is children. Approximately thirty-five % of the countrys populace is age 15 or lower from which about twenty-five millions are out of schools and 12 million are employed in labor work. The objective of this study is to analyz ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Manzoor Ahmad Associate Professor,Department of Political Science,Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2-Muhammad Zubair Associate Professor, Department of Law,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 3-Muhammad Rizwan Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies,Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Abbottabad KP, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Pakistan, Constitution, Fundamental Rights, Child Rights, Child labor, Sexual abuse
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).25	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).25
Page Nos:	343-352	Volume & Issue:	III-I
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Correlation between the Anthropometric Measures and Performance of the Cricket Pull Shot- A Case Study of the Malaysian National Batsmen
Abstract:	This study was conducted to examine the correlation between the anthropometric measure and kinematic of pull shot. Eighteen cricket batsmen were recruited for data collection. The variables were recorded as stature, body mass, skinfolds, girths, bone lengths, breadths and physical strengths. The pull shots were recorded with two video cameras and Aerial Performance Analysis System (APAS) software for the kinematic of the pull shot. All kinematic were not significantly correlated with the pull shot performance except the bat angle. It was concluded that the girths and breadths of upper and lower limbs are associated with higher perforamnce of pull shot at the moment of batball contact. The wider arms help to maintain the body position to execute a successful pull shot. The ex ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Muhammad Zia Ul Haq Lecturer,Department of Physical Education & Sports ScienceThe Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. 2-Muhammad Badar Habib Lecturer, Department of Physical Education & Sports Science,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. 3-Muhammad Nazeer Assistant Professor,Department of Sports Science & Physical Education, The Punjab University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Cricket Batting, Kinematics, Anthropometrics, Body Segments, Pull Sho
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).26	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).26
Page Nos:	353-361	Volume & Issue:	III-I
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Ascend and Descend of the British in the Malakand Zone and the Role of the Napoleon of the Pathans: A Historical Study
Abstract:	The Siege of Malakand was the July 26 to August 2, 1897 siege of the British garrison in the Malakand region of colonial British Indias NWFP. The unrest caused by this division of the Pashtun lands led to the rise of Saidullah, a Pashtun Fakir who led an army of at least 10,000 against the British garrison in Malakand. Although the British forces were divided among a number of poorly defended positions, the small garrison at the camp of Malakand South and the small fort at Chakdara were both able to hold out for six days against the much larger Pashtun army. The Napoleon of Pathans- Khan Umara Khan of Janduls role will be put under discussion which is considered as a hub of the discussion held in this article. ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Abdul Zahoor Khan Assistant Professor,Department of History & Pakistan Studies,International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2-Khurshaid Lecturer,Department of International Relations, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 3-Muhammad Bilal Assistant Registrar,Women University, Swabi, KP, Pakistan.
Keywords:	British, Malakand, Swat, NWFP, Dir, Yousafzais, Wakhan, Jandul
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).27	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).27
Page Nos:	362-376	Volume & Issue:	III-I
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Pre and Post Partition Socio-Economical and Educational Development in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: A Historical Review
Abstract:	This paper shows the pre and post partition socio-educational scenario of the then N.W.F.P now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The objectives of the study were (i) to explore the pre partition history of the educational development (ii) to explore the post partition scenario of educational uplift in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (iii) to compare the pre and post partition educational developments in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Data was collected mainly from primary sources like Directorate of Archives and libraries, Peshawar and personal interviews were conducted too. For secondary sources, data was collected from books, research papers, newspapers, magazines and other published material. The data was analyzed through internal and external criticism. It was concluded from the study th ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Mohammad Sohail Lecturer, Department of Education,Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2-Shazia Kanwal PhD Scholar,Institute of Education and Research, Pakistan. 3-Nayab Rizwan Mphil Scholar,Abdul Wali Khan University,Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Pre Partition Education, Post Partition Education
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).28	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).28
Page Nos:	377-388	Volume & Issue:	III-I
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International Arab Students Attitude towards Learning English
Abstract:	English is not more the language of few countries it has become an international phenomenon. Thats why many types of research all over the world are exploring the attitude of these non-native English learners towards it. The current study explores the attitude of Arab students (studding in Malaysia) towards learning English. This study adopted the methods of descriptive research design. In this approach, quantitative data from questionnaires of 49 respondents, Arab countries students studying at the University of Science Malaysia was collected. For data analysis, Pearson correlation and multiple recreations were conducted and it was found out that the Arab students with the attitude towards English had a significant correlation with English learning and importance and Englis ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Saira Maqbool Assistant Professor,Department of English Language and Applied Linguistics,Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2-Lubna Umar Lecturer,Department of English Language and Applied Linguistics,Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 3-Umaima Kamran Lecturer,Department of Linguistics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Attitude, English Language, Learning English
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).29	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).29
Page Nos:	389-401	Volume & Issue:	III-I
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Independence of Judiciary: An Assessment of Lawyers Movement and its Impact on Civil Society of Pakistan
Abstract:	Lawyers are important part of Pakistani society. They actively participated in the movement against the military regimes. Social movement are necessary for the renewal of the society. These movements help to make a society vibrant and prone to democratization. All the fractions of the society took keen interest in this movement. This historic movement gave youth the initial lessons of democracy and students took part in this movement as they were active in the first two decades of Pakistani political history. Students are the educated and informed part of the society and remained on forefront in the movements in the country. In recent years lawyers, media, students unions, military and ulema played important role in restoring of judiciary and played important role for Lawye ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Ali Shan Shah Assistant Professor,Department of Political Science & IR,GC, University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Muhammad Waris Assistant Professor,Department of History & Pakistan Studies,GC, University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Mian Muhammad Azhar Assistant Professor,Department of Political Science & IR, GC, University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Lawyer, Civil Society, Democratization, Rule of law, Social Movements, Democracy, Pressure Groups, Political Parties, Justice
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).30	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).30
Page Nos:	402-414	Volume & Issue:	III-I
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Emotional Intelligence of Lecturers and its Impact on Teaching Effectiveness at Public Universities of Peshawar
Abstract:	The objectives of the article were to highlight the relationship between Emotional Intelligence (EI) and teaching effectiveness of lecturers at public universities of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The researcher adopted a quantitative research design to examine the relationship between the variables under study. The population of the study was lecturers working at public universities of Peshawar. A multistage sampling technique was used to select a sample of the study. Data was gathered using the Self Report Measure of Emotional Intelligence and Teaching Effectiveness Scale. The validity of the instrument was determined through experts opinion while reliability was established using Cronbach Alpha. Data were analyzed applying Pearson Product Correlation using SPSS 20 version ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Shazia Kanwal Principal,Elementary and Secondary Education, KP, Pakistan. 2-Mohammad Sohail Lecturer, Department of Education,Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, PK, Pakistan. 3-Hafiz Muhammad Inamullah Professor,Institute of Education and Research,University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Emotional Intelligence, Teaching Effectiveness, Lecturer
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).31	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).31
Page Nos:	415-427	Volume & Issue:	III-I
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Political Marginalization of Women in Pakistan: Issues and Challenges
Abstract:	Women constitute almost half of the worlds population but are politically marginalized and underrepresented in the third-world countries. The long-lived traditional structures as well as socio-economic factors adversely affected their mobility, socialization, political and electoral participation and representation in policy-making forums. Being low in effectiveness, they are unable to make any significant change in the patterns of sociopolitical development. In Pakistan, the traditional patriarchal approach and the growth of Islamic fundamentalism adversely affected their political emancipation and domesticated them. Although, women in Pakistan successfully struggled to overcome the said challenges and their representation in the parliament has significantly been increased b ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Mian Muhammad Azhar Assistant Professor,Department of Political Science & IR, GC, University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Abdul Basit Khan Assistant professor,Department of Political Science & IR,GC, University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Muhammad Waris Assistant Professor,Department of History & Pakistan Studies,GC, University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Pakistan, Political Marginalization, Women Participation, Patriarchal Approach, Inclusive Society
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).32	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).32
Page Nos:	428-444	Volume & Issue:	III-I
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Promoting Consumer Culture: An Analysis of Pakistani Electronic Media Advertisements
Abstract:	This study aims at analyzing Pakistani electronic media advertisements discourse to investigate the linguistic techniques of consumer product companies to reach more customers and sell more products. The research study focuses on the characteristic features of the advertising discourse which are intended to inculcating desirability and fostering new needs in the viewers/consumers. The data for the research consists of 12 advertisements aired on Pakistani TV channels. Linguistic analysis of the research study reveals that advertisements serve the primary function of enabling the consumer products companies to win the largest market share. Creative and innovative use of linguistic and extra linguistic features make advertising discourse powerful, potent and persuasive enough t ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Rashida Imran Lecturer,Department of English,Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2-Saira Maqbool Assistant Professor,Department of English,Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 3-Ameer Sultan Lecturer,Department of English,International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Discourse, Advertisement, Beauty, Consumerism, Language, Symbols, Producers
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).33	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).33
Page Nos:	445‒459	Volume & Issue:	III-I
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Studying Teacher Resilience: Nature and Conditions of Development of Resilience in Tertiary Teachers of Pakistan
Abstract:	This study explored the nature and conditions conducive to the development of resilience in tertiary teachers of Pakistan. The study employed a qualitative approach to data collection and analysis. Data was collected from five information-rich cases through the use of a life history approach to narrative inquiry and semistructured interviews. The data acquired was then subjected to linear and contrastive analysis to arrive at main themes or categories of resilience based on the commonalities in experience evident in the narratives of the research participants. The themes were the maturity and personal growth of the individual, the commitment to the profession, the role of mental strength and capabilities, leadership and authority positions, successful incidents of handling s ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Shagufta Moghal Department of Professional Studies,Institute of Education,Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Asma Shahid Kazi Department of Professional Studies,Institute of Education,Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Tahira Kalsoom Research and Evaluation Department,Lahore College for Women UniversityLahore, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Teacher Resilience, Professional Development, Tertiary Education, Life Risk and Protective Factors
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).34	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).34
Page Nos:	460-471	Volume & Issue:	III-I
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How do Students Self-Esteem and Attitude to Learning English Relate to Classroom Learning Environment?
Abstract:	This study investigates the correlation of secondary level learners attitudes for learning English and self-esteem with the classroom learning environment. From Punjab Province, 1002 public secondary school respondents formed the population. The sample consisted of males (486), females (516), urban (565) and rural (437) and was selected from two districts (Lahore and Kasur). Instruments namely WIHIC (Fraser, 2007), attitude towards learning English (Batool, 2016) and students self-esteem (Rosenberg,) scales having reliability 0.91, 0.83 and 0.68 (in Pakistani context) respectively, were used. Findings exposed a significant and more positive attitude for learning English among female respondents. Correlation (Pearson r) between the learning environment and attitude for learni ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Ghazal Khalid Siddiqui Assistant Professor,University of Education Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Huma Lodhi Assistant Professor,University of Education Lahore,Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Muhammad Anwer Assistant Professor,University of Education Lahore,Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Attitude, Self Esteem, Learning Environment
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).35	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).35
Page Nos:	472-484	Volume & Issue:	III-I
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Perception of Prospective Teachers about Practices of Sustainable Competencies Learned During PreService Teachers Program
Abstract:	The quality of teachers and teaching depends on prospective teacher education programs which have been enthusiastic to gain competencies among teachers. Therefore, to attain essential teacher competencies during teacher training programs has great meaning to prepare prospective teachers for the teaching profession. This research focused to explore the pre-service teachers perceptions about practices of competencies they learned during the teacher education program. Through survey research data was collected from B.Ed. Hons student through an instrument. A convenient sampling technique was employed. The result of data shows no significant difference in competencies practices on basis of gender and sector, the only significant difference was seen in in-service teacher compete ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Ambreen Siddique PhD Scholar,University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Muhammad Anwer Assistant Professor,University of Education,Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Huma Lodhi Assistant Professor,University of Education,Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Teacher Education, Sustainable Competencies, Quality Education
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).36	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).36
Page Nos:	485-502	Volume & Issue:	III-I
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British Public Perception towards Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq
Abstract:	This article seeks to explore the perception of the British informants regarding the Afghanistan war 2001 and Iraq war 2003. Heavy users of British media were interviewed. The present article adopts the qualitative approach and ten in-depth interviews were conducted by the British informants. It was found that the British informants considered the 9/11 attacks as a tragic incident and Al Qaeda was held responsible for this. They supported their governments policies to curb terrorism but they highly condemned human causalities during the Afghanistan and Iraq wars. Particularly, they condemned their governments policy about Iraq war 2003. Regarding, the British media coverage of these wars, there was mixed opinion. Some of them considered that British media gave biased covera ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Aasima Safdar Assistant Professor,Department of Communication studies,Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Samia Manzoor Assistant Professor,Department of Communication studies,Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Ayesha Qamar Lecturer Department of Communication & Media studies,Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Public perception, British media, Iraq war, Afghanistan war
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).37	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).37
Page Nos:	503-517	Volume & Issue:	III-I
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The Usage of Smartphone in Improving English Language Pronunciation at University Level
Abstract:	Learning correct pronunciation is a challenging job for second language learners. Learning correct pronunciation is possible only by the continuous effort in listening and practicing the Received Pronunciation, the most prestigious and standards accents of British English. Smartphones help the learners to speak English with pronunciation. The current research study was an effort to explore the usage of smartphones in improving English language pronunciation at the university level. Descriptive and quantitative research method was used in this study. Data were collected through a questionnaire that had close-ended items. Questionnaires were distributed among 383 learners studying in 6 universities of Punjab, Pakistan. Data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social ... Read More - Download PDF
Author/s:	1-Shahida Naz PhD Scholar, Department of English, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Mamuna Ghani Professor, Department of English, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Smartphones, English Language, Pronunciation, University, Education
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).38	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(III-I).38
Page Nos:	518-530	Volume & Issue:	III-I
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