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Global Regional Review

Contents Volume VI Issue II (Spring 2021)

Image of Islam and Pakistan after 9/11: Critical Discourse Analysis of Pakistani Urdu and English Newspapers
Abstract:	The study examines the image of Islam and Pakistan post 9/11 scenario documented in Pakistani Urdu and English newspapers. Results are deduced by analyzing headlines while applying the CDA model projected by Fairclough (1989, 1995) with respect to vocabulary items, viewpoints, and newspapers' ideologies. The results from the study indicated that these two newspapers heavily rely on some selected lexical items to manipulate and control the belief system of the masses. It was shown from the data that Nawa-iWaqat, an Urdu newspaper, fervently utilized figurative language to influence the perception of its readers. It is seen from the analyzed data that the selection of words made by Urdu newspaper is mainly based on prejudice toward certain prominent social figures, politicians, and even ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Muhammad Ahsan Lecturer, Department of English, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Zahoor Hussain Lecturer, Department of English, Bahaudin Zakariya University, Layya Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Mohammad Arshad Daanish School, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Ideology, Islam, Pakistan, Newspapers, Nawa-i-Waqat, Dawn
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).01	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).01
Page Nos:	1-11	Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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Social Media and Family Integration: Perception of College Students of Faisalabad
Abstract:	This study explores to what extent social media play's role in family relationships, Results indicate that "Social media is positively predicting communication between family members with a coefficient of .320 and the dependent variables. "People prefer spending more time on social media than with family", as (55.5%) agreed and (18.5%) are strongly agreed. This study suggests social media can prove to be a useful source of family integration. Family members who do not have enough time to communicate due to their hectic schedule or not present at home, Social media can be a medium of communication for them as (62.5%) respondents agreed and (13%) strongly agreed that Social media play a vital role for a stay in touch with each other. People post wishes on Social media; it can show good ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Ashraf Iqbal In-charge, Department of Mass Communication, GCU Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Raheela Firdous MPhil Scholar, Department of Mass Communication, GCU Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Tanveer Hussain Assistant Professor, School of Media and Communication Studies, UMT Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Family, Relationships, Unity, Social Media, Communication, Cohesion
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).02	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).02
Page Nos:	12-19	Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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Transgressing Hopi Gender Roles: A Spatial Study of Polingaysi Qoyawayma's No Turning Back
Abstract:	Native American cultures are constituted upon the gendered division of labor. The economic spaces are constructed upon gender roles that allocate specific roles to Native American men and women. The subsequent socio-economic patterns allocate spatially marginalized positions to the Native American woman in comparison with men. The present study explores Native American woman's transgression of traditional economic spaces of Native Americans in Polingaysi Qoyawayma's No Turning Back. This study employs Doreen Massey's theoretical formulation of economic space to understand the protagonist's transgression of Hopi gender roles. This study maintains that the protagonist of the novel subverts conventional Hopi division of labor by adopting subversive gender roles. ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Fasih ur Rehman Lecturer, Department of English, Khushal Khan Khattak University, Karak, KP, Pakistan. 2-Kanza Umer Khan Lecturer, Department of English, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Ali Usman Saleem Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Economic Space, Gender Roles, Hopi Culture, Native American Woman, Spatiality, Transgression
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).03	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).03
Page Nos:	20-26	Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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Child Labor in Karachi: Situation and Realities Behind Increased Number of Working Children
Abstract:	The number of working children in Karachi is increasing day by day, and the objective of this research study was to highlight the situation and explore the reasons behind it. For this purpose, using sequential exploratory research design, data was collected from working children and parents of some of the children and was analyzed using SPSS. It is concluded that parents and their children have a wish for education but because of the cost of education and other reasons are unable. ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Stephen John Associate Professor, Department of Education, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2-Sadaf Khan Department of Business Administration, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 3-Pervaiz Ali Mahesar Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Political Science, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Child-Labour, Karachi, Predicators & Increased numbers
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).04	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).04
Page Nos:	27-35	Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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Assessing the Relationship between Perceived Social Support and Depression in Elderly: A Predictive Study
Abstract:	The purpose of this research is to investigate the association of perceived social support (PSS) and depression in middle and older aged people. A random sample of 126 elderly persons, age between 40 years to 75 years, were selected from different areas of Karachi. A demographic data sheet was administered along with study scales. To explore the relationship, correlation coefficient and linear regression were applied. Findings revealed a significant negative relationship between perceived social support and depression (p<.000) in middle and older-aged adults and in male and female middle and older-aged adults, respectively. Further, the analysis revealed that PSS has the potential to bring .09%, .10%, and .06% change in depression among the whole sample and among elderly males and fe ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Umara Rauf Department of Psychology, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Uzma Sarwar Department of Psychology, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Rafit Saheed School of Public Policy, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Perceived Social Support, Depression, Middle and Older Adults
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).05	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).05
Page Nos:	36-43	Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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Kashmiri Crafts - A Fascination for Tourists
Abstract:	Kashmir has different brightening prestigious expressions and specialities which have been famous for quite a long time for their fine work and magnificence. To be sure, Kashmiri speciality items are unbelievable. Artwork is the primary wellspring of pay for the Kashmiris. Speciality work or essentially make is a kind of embellished work hand made utilizing just basic apparatuses. Things made by large-scale manufacturing or using machines are not handiwork items. The Kashmiri specialists are consistently alive to the beautiful encompassing. It communicates a reaction to the excellence around the formation of an enormous assortment of pursuing or decorating flower themes interlaced into multifaceted examples. The art items are promoted in Asia as well as in European countries. This ar ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Junaid Bashir Assistant Professor, Department of Tourism & Hospitality, Foundation University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Anas Mahmud Arif Assistant Professor, Department of Tourism & Hospitality, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. 3-Owais Khan Graduate, Department of Archaeology, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Art & Craft, Kashmiri Craftsmanship, Prevailing Culture, Ruling Kashmir Tradition, Intangible Heritage, Traditional Crafts, Sustainable Development
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).06	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).06
Page Nos:	44-48	Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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Commercial Activity: Intera-Regional Trade & Commerce between Sind and Multan in Colonial period (1849-1901)
Abstract:	This research deals with the trade relations between two major towns of Karachi and Multan in the colonial period. The aim of this article is to develop a general narrative of the commercialization of crops that led to the growth of intra-regional trade and economy-addressing the issues of how these two centers contributed to the new economic development of South Asia as well as marinating their historical trade relations? Tracing the journey of agricultural production from the village mandis to the international markets, we examine the commercial network and the nature of the interaction. It will also saw the increasing and decreasing trends of trade in the following years. The research aims to draw a conclusion by using qualitative and quantitative methods for assessing its historical im ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Abida Kausar Chuadhary Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies & History, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Intera-Regional Trade, Sindh, Multan, Colonial Period, Commerce
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).07	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).07
Page Nos:	49-57	Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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Mass Media as a Source of Agricultural Information: An Overview of Literature
Abstract:	This research paper provides a systematic review of published research work by different research scholars regarding the role of communication channels in disseminating agricultural information and the diffusion of agricultural innovations among agriculturists. Findings of review are summarized with the help of reviewing methodology, major findings and implications of earlier published researches. The review depicts that there are significant variations in findings of the relevant researches some certain reasons like geographical, methodological and theoretical perspectives. It is hard to draw any specific conclusion about the role of a different communication channel in the agriculture sector. However, the review has revealed that the different channels of communication have a different ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Pervaiz Akhter Faculty of Media and Communication Studies, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Tanveer Hussain Assistant Professor, School of Media and Communication Studies, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Hafiz Bilal Ahsan Program Producer, School of Media and Communication Studies, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Mass Media, Agricultural Information, Adoption of Innovation, Farmers
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).08	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).08
Page Nos:	58-63	Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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Hybrid Warfare Strategy of India: Impacts on Pakistan
Abstract:	Hybrid warfare is a multi-faceted military strategy, an amalgam of conventional, irregular, and cyber warfare where technology adds exuberant intensification in the methods of hybridity to achieve political goals. The objective of this study is to conceptualize hybrid warfare, analyze India's hybrid warfare against Pakistan and suggest a counter-response to neutralize the hybrid forces working against Pakistan's stability and sovereignty. This study endeavors to develop a vantage point to understand the concept of hybrid warfare and its projection on Pakistan at internal and external fronts. This research analyzes data through qualitative methods and finds the related concepts and methods through content analysis and interpretative methodology. ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Nasreen Akhtar Assistant Professor, Department of Politics and IR, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2-Inamullah Jan Lecturer, Department of Politics and IR, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. 3-Sumaira Akram Independent Researcher
Keywords:	Hybrid Warfare, Strategy, Global Security Environment, Pakistan, India's Hybrid Warfare, Regional and Extional Actorsra-Reg
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).09	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).09
Page Nos:	64-72	Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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Situating Women in Trauma of War: An Analysis of Baghdad Burning: A Blog from an Iraqi Woman
Abstract:	The paper deals with situating women in war trauma in Baghdad Burning Volume 2, a girl's blog from Iraq. In the current study, the researcher attempts to reveal the rising of fundamentalism in Iraq after the war. The objective of this study is to safeguard the rights and honour of women after traumatic experiences. The study explores whether the unlashed media is doing its duties truthfully or it dishonestly manipulates the facts about the Iraqi women's traumatic experiences. The paper exposes the reason behind the hiding of the true identity of the author, pseudo-named Riverbend. The framework for the study has been taken from an article "A Conceptual Framework for the Impact of Traumatic Experiences", written by Eve B Carlson and the co-author Constance Dalenberg. The study unfolds ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Qurat ul Ain Assistant Professor, Department of History and Pakistan Studies, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Saima Anwar Assistant Professor, Department of English, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Shumaila Rafiq Lecturer, Department of Political Science & International Relations, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Fundamentalism, Unlashed Media, Traumatic Experiences
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).10	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).10
Page Nos:	73-79	Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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Ethno-Nationalism: Theories and the Dynamics of the Demand for the New Federating Units
Abstract:	Ethnicity has been not only the source of diversity but also social and political tensions across the globe. The socio-economic and political alienation and sense of deprivation trigger ethnonationalism that manifests itself into different forms and manifestations ranging from armed struggles to political movements. The failure to establish a vibrant and pluralist society with social and economic justice at its heart paves the way for ethnic strife that attracts different responses and reactions from the states faced with the ethnic conflict. Based on the qualitative research methods, this scholarly endeavor seeks to dissect the dynamics and drivers of ethnic-nationalism and how the countries like India, Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Switzerland, the Philippines and South Africa have tried ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Muhammad Shoaib Malik Associate Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Language (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan. 2-Azhar Mahmood Abbasi Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Language (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan. 3-Umair Arshad MPhil. Scholar, Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Ethno-Nationalism, Sub-Nationalism, Primordialism, Language, Constructivism Religion, Instrumentalism, Re-demarcation and Re-organization
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).11	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).11
Page Nos:	80-87	Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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A Comparative Study of Students' Perceptions about Career Options in Art & Design
Abstract:	This research aims to examine secondary and higher secondary students' perceptions about career options related to Art & Design studies. A comparative study approach is conducted between the secondary and higher secondary students who opted for Art & Design and the prospective students of Art & Design. Each data set includes 200 respondents from both types of students, making a data set of 400 respondents. Based on constructionism and symbolic, philosophical assumptions, quantitative research methodology has been induced to complete this research. The data is gathered through structured telephonic interviews to analyze the responses. For this research, a checklist was designed that included the same type of questions from both types of students. The results show that the students, spe ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Gouhar Pirzada CEO, STEP Institute of Arts, Design and Management, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Fariha Gul Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Muhammad Abdullah Mahmood MPhil Scholar, Institute of Administrative Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Career Choices, Employment Opportunities, Art & Design Students, Pakistan, Art & Design Study
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).12	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).12
Page Nos:	88-96	Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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Socio-Economic Dimensions of China Pakistan Economic Corridor and Indian Reserva..
Abstract:	China Pakistan Economic Corridor is a receptacle of territorial connectivity focusing on the significance of the geo strategic location of Pakistan. Pakistan and China have embarked on their best to implement the project to be triumphant in the concatenation of South Asia. The main bureaus that it encompasses are an integrated conveyance and I.T. network entailing Rail, Road, and data transmission channels, energy complicity, agrarian enhancement, social and economic progress, tourism alliance, financial and human resource integration. The corridor had some complications while implementation, but it has substantiated to be a game-changer program.This study assists in assessing the momentum amassed by Pakistan and China in South Asia while elaborating the beneficiaries of the CPEC and the p ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Muhammad Shoaib Ph.D. Scholar, Shandong University, China. Visiting faculty member, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Noor Jehan Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan 3-Qamar uz Zaman College of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China.
Keywords:	CPEC, South Asia, Socio-Economic Development, Regional Integration
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).13	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).13
Page Nos:	97‒106	Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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Ruling Elites and Rational Democracy: An Analysis of Political System of Pakistan (1947-1993)
Abstract:	This descriptive and analytical study aims to explore the ideology of ruling elites in Pakistan. Throughout the political and constitutional history of Pakistan, the governments, whether civilian or military, seem reluctant to politically mobilize the masses. The evolution of rational-democratic development in the country was tempered with undemocratic forces. Governing elite's lofty claims for the democratic and stable state are not fully materialized. This article highlights the reasons behind the reluctance of ruling elites to promote a rational democratic culture. The apparent reason is the lack of parliamentary culture in Pakistan. The representatives are elected by the people to present their demands in parliament. All policies, whether internal or external, should be originated with ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Muhammad Ikramullah Khan Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (IUB), Punjab, Pakistan 2-Muhammad Shafiq Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (IUB), Punjab, Pakistan 3-Alia Tasleem PhD Scholar, Department of Pakistan Studies, Bahauddin Zakariya University (BZU) Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Politics, Ruling Elites, Inclusive Ideology, Civilians, Military Regimes
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).14	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).14
Page Nos:	107-116	Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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Exploring the Influence of Anxiety on the Use of Language Learning Strategies: A Study at Intermediate Level in Bahawalpur
Abstract:	The objectives of the current study were to examine the overall language learning strategies used by Pakistani intermediate level students, to discover the difference of anxiety level, difference of LLS use of the participants and to find out the interaction of anxiety on the use of LLS. 391 students of intermediate level belonging to Bahawalpur (Pakistan) were the participants of the study. The data collection instruments included Strategy Inventory for language learning (SILL) (Oxford, 1990) and Foreign Language Class Room Anxiety scale (FLCAS) (Horwitz et al. 1986). The reliability of the two instruments was measured via Chronbach's Alpha. Collected data were analyzed through SPSS by applying concerned tests to manage results. Findings reveal a significant influence of anxiety on the u ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Abdul Khaliq Assistant Professor, Department of Social and Allied Sciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan 2-Rasheed Ahmad Visiting Lecturer, Department of English Literature, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan 3-Noor ul Ain Lecturer, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Cognitive, Metacognitive, Compensation, Test Anxiety, and Fear of Negative Evaluation
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).15	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).15
Page Nos:	117-125	Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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Role of University-Industry Linkages and Its Impact on Innovation: Evidence from Pakistan
Abstract:	This paper analyses the barriers to University-Industry linkages in Pakistan and the significance of these linkages towards innovation outcomes of the firms. We used primary data collected by a questionnaire survey named "innovation survey 2013- 2014"from 200 firms (manufacturing/services) of Pakistan. Inspiration of the study has been taken from the theoretical grounds of the national innovation system and its major innovation players, i.e. universities, firms, govt. And research institutions. Two out of four institution shave been studied in this research work, i.e., universities and industries, to address the first research objective examining the significance of University-Industry linkages towards innovation. The second research objective focuses upon the barriers to University-Indust ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Tahira Waryyam PhD Scholar/Faculty Member, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan 2-Bilal Mirza Associate Professor, Faculty of Business Administration, Iqra University Islamabad, Pakistan 3-Abdul Waheed Assistant Professor, Business School, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
Keywords:	Absorptive Capacity; University-industry Linkages; Innovation Players
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).16	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).16
Page Nos:	126 ‒144	Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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Parental Involvement in Behavior Formation of Children: A Study on Primary Schools of Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Abstract:	This study was conducted to explore the parental involvement in behavior formation of children in Azad Jammu and Kashmir.The study was descriptive in nature, and survey method was used to collect the data. The population of the study consisted of 241 teachers working at Government primary schools of Tehsil Nakyal AJ And K. universal sampling technique was applied because the population was quite manageable, so the researcher selected the whole population as a sample of the study. A questionnaire was used to find out the parental involvement in behavior formation of children. The data were collected through a google form. The collected data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The researcher applied frequency, percentage, and mean for the analysis of da ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Nazir Haider Shah Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan 2-Muhammad Naqeeb ul Khalil Shaheen Lecturer, Department of Education, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. 3-Neelofer Sitara M.Phil Scholar, Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Behavior, Behavior Formation, Development, Parental Involvement
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).17	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).17
Page Nos:	145-152	Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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Impact of Socio Religious Programs on Viewers: A Case Study of Qutab Online
Abstract:	The media has a significant impact and influence on society, as well as on its thinking and behavioral elements, among other things. Around the globe, television has long served as a primary means of receiving and disseminating information. Television program shave a direct influence on our behavior, perceptions, and perspectives. Over the years in Pakistan, religious programs have grown in popularity and their impact on the people is undeniable. The purpose of the study was to analyze the impact socio religious programs on viewer. The researcher explored the impact of religious program 'Qutab online' on viewer's perceptions and attitudes towards religion.The objective of the study was to analyze the level of awareness among the viewers about the religion after watching Qutab Online. To re ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Rao Shahid Mahmood Assistant Professor, Department of Media Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Arsha Saleem Meer Lecturer, Department of Mass Communication, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan/PhD Scholar, CMCS, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Irem Sultana Assistant Professor, Department of Mass Communication, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Mass Media, Television Channels, Religious Programs, Impact, Viewers
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).18	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).18
Page Nos:	153-159	Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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Impact of Reading Habits of Students on the Self- regulated Learning at University Level
Abstract:	The ability to read is the key to gaining knowledge. Reading in today's world is dependent on a person's ability to properly and effectively perceive an electronic or printed material. The constructive features and self-motivating talents of self-regulated pupils help to set them apart from other peers. The aim of the study was to explore the impact of reading habits of students on the self-regulated learning at university level. All the public sector higher educational institutions were the population of the study. The data were collected using a random sampling technique from three hundred and fifty students from the University of Lahore, Sargodha Campus. The self-developed questionnaire, "Reading Habits and Self-regulated Learning Survey," was used. The data were analyzed using Pearson ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Muhammad Naveed Khalid Resource Person, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2-Shahbaz Ahmad Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Lahore, Sargodha Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Anees-ul-Hasnain Shah Associate Professor, Department of Education, University of Lahore, DG Khan Campus, Punjab, Pakistan
Keywords:	Self-regulated Learning, Reading Habits, Students' Achievement
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).19	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).19
Page Nos:	160-167	Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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Digitalization of Politics; Deconstructing the Role of (Social) Media in Democratic Strengthening: A Situational Analysis of Pakistan
Abstract:	This paper attempts to investigate how the media has constructed, deconstructed, and influenced fundamental questions about democracy in Pakistan—considering how democratic ideals might provide a framework for understanding and shaping modern digital media transformation. The study of the digitalization of politics looks into how modern societies make sense of and shape the digital transformation. This paper examines and evaluates the strategies, competencies, and practices that contribute to the governance,democracy, and regulation of digitalization, as well as its societal consequences. The role of the media in either supporting or opposing democracy promotion activities that have an impact on the region's democratization in Pakistan. An exploratory and descriptive research method was ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad Siddiqui Chairman, Department of International Relations, Emerson University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Muhammad Imran Pasha Lecturer, Department of Political Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Kanwar Muhammad Yasir Furqan Ph. D Scholar, Department of Political Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Pakistan, Democracy, Governance, Digital Media, Society
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).20	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).20
Page Nos:	168-177	Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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Teachers' Perceptions about the Use of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) in Second Language Learning at Higher Secondary Level
Abstract:	This research is aimed at investigating the perceptions of English language teachers pertaining to the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in second language learning. The availability of ICT resources in institutions and their application by the teachers in English Language Teaching (ELT) class was also kept in focus in this study. The use of technology has undoubtedly brought favorable results in our life. It speeds up the transfer of information and permits faster processes as well as provides a pleasant learning atmosphere. This study was carried out at a higher secondary level comprising 60 respondents from public and private institutions in the city of Multan (Punjab), Pakistan. The measurement tool questionnaire was employed for the collection of data. The devel ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Rehan Muhammad Lecturer, Department of English, Emerson University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Shahid Nawaz Assistant Professor, Department of English Linguistics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan 3-Muhammad Hammad Hussain Shah PhD Scholar in English Linguistics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
Keywords:	Land Reforms, Goals, Land Reforms Measures, Land Distribution, South Africa and Zimbabwe
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).21	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).21
Page Nos:	178 ‒185	Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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Contractual Stipulations Under Classic Islamic Law and Current Marriage Contracts in USA
Abstract:	This article focuses on stipulations in a Muslim marriage contract with reference to the case of the United States of America(USA). Under classical Islamic work, the majority of Jurists (Jamhur) classify those stipulations as valid or invalid. Valid stipulations are permissible because those promote the objectives of the marriage contract. Invalid stipulations are prohibited for their inconsistency with the principles of Shari'ah. Yet another category of stipulations benefiting the women could be found in a marriage contract. Interestingly,this category is neither prohibited in clear terms nor is expressly allowed. After the conclusion of a marriage contract, Jamhur restrict the insertion of subsequent stipulations, while Hanbali School allows the addition of such stipulations provided it ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Sardar M.A. Waqar Khan Arif Assistant Professor of Law, Department of Law, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan 2-Syed Mudasser Fida Gardazi Assistant Professor of Law, Department of Law, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan 3-Nafees Ahmed Khan Lecturer in Law, Department of Law, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Marriage, Contract, Stipulations, Classical Jurists, Additional Conditions, Women Empowerment
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).22	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).22
Page Nos:	186 ‒ 195	Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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Effects of Job Market Demand on Higher Education in Pakistan
Abstract:	The research report also includes officials' recommendations, such as universities taking the lead in engaging with industry to reconcile education and training in a mutually beneficial manner in order to avoid the grim prospect of unemployment. This would also serve as a two-way information channel, with students learning about possible employers and their needs and companies learning about their future employees' attributes. It's also possible that the value of social and political connections in acquiring work will be reduced. Across all age groups, the father's educational level is favorably and significantly related to the children's educational success.Except in the case of students, where the low educational group showed the predicted sign, the mother's educational level was less es ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Nilo Far PhD Scholar in Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan 2-Akhtar Ali Dean, Faculty of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan 3-Anita Shuja Assistant Professor, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
Keywords:	Job Market Demand, Higher Education, Punjab, Pakistan
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).23	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).23
Page Nos:	196 ‒ 212	Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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Instagram Usage and Watching What Others are Doing:A Case Study of Lahore City
Abstract:	Instagram usage and its effects on the self-perception of university students in Lahore were investigated. The effects of its use on the self-perception of university students have been found through quantitative research design using survey method. Multistage sampling was utilized for the selection of the sample. In the first stage, the sample was selected from three universities. In the second stage,departments were selected for each university. In the third stage, the sample was further selected from the education, mass communication,psychology, and computer science departments. The results showed that users visit Instagram more than a few times a day and look at the lives of others through their photos. After comparison, Instagram users become unhappy about their lifestyle and dissatis ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Saadia Anwar Pasha Assistant Professor, Department of Mass Communication, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Keywords:	Social Media, Satisfaction, Self-Comparison, Beauty Ideals
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).24	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).24
Page Nos:	213 ‒225	Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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China's Policy in Afghanistan: Internal Factors Shaping Developments
Abstract:	Since Xi Jinping assumed the presidency, his ambitions for China to be at aa prominent place in the world have accelerated China's diplomatic engagement with the neighboring countries. Before Afghanistan came on the Chinese radar, it was the low priority area as far as China's economic, political, social, and cultural relations were concerned. Now, China's emerging economic profile requires it to re-calibrate its engagement policy with Afghanistan. The paper opines that some internal policy changes in China have been the main factors in the Chinese policy shift towards Afghanistan. Now, China's vision about Afghanistan internally rests on three pillars: XiJinping's arrival, the New Neighborhood policy and BRI. Consequently, Afghanistan holds a substantial amount of attention in Chinese for ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Muhammad Nauman Akhter PhD International Politics, Shandong University, China.
Keywords:	Afghanistan, China, BRI, Xi Jinping, New Neighborhood Polic
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).25	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).25
Page Nos:	226 ‒234	Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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Redefining Greece in 2021: An Overview of the New Government's Plan to Revive Greece
Abstract:	This article aims to provide an overview of the two programs designed by the current Greek government to revive the country and prepare it for the 21st Century. Both plans, "Greece 2021" and "Greece 2.0" comprise four pillars outlining a wide range of programs to be implemented between 2021 and 2026. The first pillar of "Greece 2021" aims to highlight the significance of the events that led to the War of Independence in 1821. This will define how these events had impacted the world of politics and eventually the revolt of 1821. The purpose of "Greece 2021" is to remind the world, particularly the Greek youth, of the country’s glorious past,specifically, the previous 200 years of modern Greece. The young generation is also provided with the opportunity to envision the future status of Gre ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Ali Rafi PhD Candidate, Area Study Center for Europe, University of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan 2-Kaneez Fatima Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan 3-Jabbar Ali PhD Candidate, Area Study Center for Europe, University of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
Keywords:	Greece 2021, Greece 2.0, Window of Opportunity, Greek Legacy, Modern Greek State, War of Independence 1821, Two hundred (200) Years Modern Greece, Digital Transition, Green Transition
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).26	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).26
Page Nos:	235 ‒ 243	Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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An Overview of Geographical Status of Kashmir under Shamiri Dynasty (1339-1554)
Abstract:	The foundation of the Sultanate in Kashmir was laid by Shah Mir in 1339 AD, and for 216 years this family ruled over Kashmir, which is known as the imperial period in the history of Kashmir. This period was a blessing for Kashmirs, as they were victims of oppressive rule and political instability in the last period of Hindu rule. Shahmir abolished arbitrary taxes as soon as he took over the government. During this period, Kashmiris have been fortunate to see strong rulers like Shahab-ud-Din and Zain-ul-Abidin who, with their intelligence and broader perspective, elevate their status from a mere region to the developed states of the country. They protected the people of Kashmir from external invaders. The focus of this study is on the geographical location of Kashmir under the Shahmeri dyna ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Amar Jahangir Junior Lecturer Kashmir Studies, Institute of Kashmir Studies, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad, Pakistan. 2-Unsa Jamshad Assistant Professor Pakitan Studies, Department of History and Pakistan Studies, Women University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Bagh, Pakistan 3-Anbrin Khawaja Assistant Professor, Kashmir Studies, Institute of Kashmir Studies, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Kashmir, Shahmiri Dynasty, Geographical Status, Shahb-ud-Din, Zainul Abidin
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).27	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).27
Page Nos:	244 ‒ 249	Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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A Critical Analysis of the Role of Economic Corridors in the Rise of China in Asia
Abstract:	The purpose of this research study was to critically analyze the plans of China to develop its economy by connecting itself with the rest of the world through roads network. For this purpose, qualitative research was adopted in which secondary sources were taken. The literature available was thoroughly reviewed, and an interpretive analysis technique was used to analyze and reach a conclusion. The study has concluded that the economic corridor of Central and West Asia has to face a multitude of problems, but these regions are also replete with natural resources. The challenges like infrastructure development and lack of funds could hamper local growth. The study observes that the CCWAEC will promote economic and commercial collaboration and capital flows to these regions and improve region ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Ali Raza Mahesar M.Phil Scholar, Department of Political Science, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. 2-Pervaiz Ali Mahesar Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan 3-Sajida Parveen Professor, College of Management, PAF KIET, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Rise of China, Interpretivist Approach, Corridors, and Critical Analysis
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).28	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).28
Page Nos:	250‒261	Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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Hybridity for Survivance: A Postcolonial Reading of Sherman Alexie's Flight
Abstract:	This study looks into the assimilation and hybridization of Natives in Euro-American culture in Sherman Alexie’s Flight (2007). The study reveals that the hybridization of Native Americans is the ultimate consequence of innate resistance against abuse and marginalization in the post-contact world. The study endorses survival/endurance proximity, as suggested by Gerald Vizenor. The selected work, a magical realist text, narrates the quest of a Native American teenage boy Zits who, in search of his true identity, ultimately has reached his self-illumination. The study positions hybridity as an antidote to the essentialist position of purity and ethnicity. Zits' Native self is a victim of forced kidnapping and forged an identity in a post-contact multi-cultural society, hence 'mutual and mu ... Read More - Download PDF - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Fauzia Amin PhD Scholar, Department of English, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Ain Fatima Lecturer in English, the University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Maliha Sarfraz Associate Professor, Government Graduate College (W), Sahiwal, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Hybridity, Identity, Self, Assimilation, Survivance, Native Americans
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).29	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).29
Page Nos:	262 ‒268	Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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The Islamic Headscarf: A threat to Secularity, Modernity, and Integration
Abstract:	No other piece of cloth has ever caused this much debate as the headscarf. This paper examines the headscarf debate in three European countries i.e., France, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Firstly, the headscarf affair depicts different state policies developed and implemented by three countries, to integrate the Muslim immigrants. Secondly, an analysis of different approaches used by these countries regarding the headscarf issue highlights the place of Muslims and Islam in the European countries. Lastly, this paper contends that the headscarf controversy in France, Germany and the United Kingdom revolves around the issues of secularity vs. Islamic fundamentalism, gender equality vs. religious rights, modernity vs. backwardness and integration vs. assimilation. In this paper, we argue th ... Read More - Download PDF
Author/s:	1-Tayyaba Batool Tahir Assistant Professor of Anthropology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan 2-Rafida Nawaz Assistant professor, Department of Political Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan 3-Muqarrab Akbar Chairman, Department of Political Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
Keywords:	Islamic Headscarf, Europe, Secularism, Modernity, Integration
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).30	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).30
Page Nos:	269 – 275	Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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Analysis of Punctuation Marks and Diction in the Essay 'Oxford in the Vacation' by Charles Lamb
Abstract:	This paper deals with the punctuation and the choice of words used in the essay, ‘Oxford in the Vacation’ written by Charles Lamb. The research regarding punctuation marks has been limited to dash, comma, parenthesis, colon, semicolon, and exclamation mark.The undertaken study aims at the standard usage of these marks and looks at how Lamb has used all of these in his essay under the question has been found that at some places, Lamb has violated important grammatical rules, which are blunders, but it has also been observed that to create a specific effect one will have to do the way Lamb did. The error analysis to some extent, has been used to explain the text and inner and deep understanding of the essay. This also opens up the question of when, how and why inversions, figurative of s ... Read More - Download PDF
Author/s:	1-Farooq Shah Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2-Muhammad Altaf Subject Specialist, Elementary and Secondary Education Department, KP. 3-Faizan Khan M.Phil Scholar, University of Hull, UK.
Keywords:	Essays of Elia, Oxford in the Vacations, Charles Lamb, Punctuation Marks
DOI Number:	10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).31	DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(VI-II).31
Page Nos:	276 ‒ 282	Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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