The advancements in technology have cast a shadow on people belonging to all walks of life.The life of youth is incomplete without the use of technology. Mobile phones have become a necessity in their lives. Invent of internet gifted mobile phones with many new applications e.g. WhatsApp,Twitter, Snapchat, etc. WhatsApp is the easiest and the most user-friendly application among all has gained tremendous importance in the lives of youth. WhatsApp users are rising each day as every new invention comes up with many advantages as well as disadvantages. The present study attempts to study the effects of WhatsApp messenger on formal writing of students by using a mixed research design i.e. two research tools have been used for the collection of data, one is quantitative in the form of a questionnaire whereas the other one is qualitative like the assessment of students essays.Resultantly, it was found that the language they use in texting while using WhatsApp messenger often deviates from the spelling and grammar rules of a standard language. It was observed that the informal style of writing developed due to excessive use of WhatsApp is reflected even in the formal writing of the students. The linguistic expressions used over WhatsApp by most of the students affect their writing skills negatively
Keywords : Impact, Social Media, Smart Phones, WhatsApp, Writing Skills
Authored by :
(1) Ejaz Mirza
Assistant Professor/HOD, Department of English, NUML, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Muhammad Haseeb Nasir
Assistant Professor, Department of English, NUML, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(3) Muhammad Abdullah
Assistant Professor, Department of English, NUML, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
The research investigates the prospect of the financial system of Islam and the viability of its growth alongside traditional financial services within another capitalist system schema, and it proposes modified native stock investments as a pragmatic groundwork for Sharia principles constructed on principles of Islamic teachings. This research work will contrast the theories of integrity and socio-economic justice in the two rhetoric. A conceptual analysis that follows serves as the foundation for policy recommendations. The research is exclusively normative, and discussing it from a logical standpoint is outside the scope of this research. The said investigation would also have implications and recommendations for policymakers and professionals while adjusting Contemporary Western constructions, power structures, regulations, paradigms, etc. To some extent, in order to be compatible with the advancement of the Islamic Economic System. Finally, the study examines the efforts and measures that have been taken to Islamize Pakistan's economy.
Keywords : Economy, Pakistan, Islamic Economics, Islamization, Capitalism
Authored by :
(1) Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad Siddiqui
International Relations, Emerson University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
(2) Kanwar Muhammad Yasir Furqan
Political Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Muhammad Imran Pasha
Political Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
This article provides an interpretation of the two worldviews of nature. The first one is the Euro-American orientation, which is naturalistic in its outlook towards the environment. This outlook provides the roots for Andro-Poetic epistemology; which is inclusive and exploitative in its ontology.The second one is the Native American orientation, which is bio-centric in its outlook on the environment. This outlook nourishes the ideology of deep ecology and provides the perspective of Oiko-Poetics; which has inclusive epistemology and a collective environmental ontology. Hence, this article reflects to provide a comparative analytical and critical approach to scrutinize the two selected fictions side by side. Which proves that the Native American Approach is inclusive towards the nature in comparison to the Euro-American approach which is exclusive towards the nature in its outlook.
Keywords : Oiko-Poetics, Deep Ecology, Biocentrism, Red Americans, Naturalism, Deterministic, Anthropocentricism, White Americans
Authored by :
(1) Amna Farooq
Ph.D. Scholar, Department of English Literature, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
(2) Muhammad Ammar
Ph.D. Scholar, Department of English Linguistics, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Aqdas Khanam
Lecturer, Department of English, Government College Women University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
This research endeavored to discover the reasons behind widespread social media reliance among Pakistani youth. The major focus of research was to understand how the social media reliance results into such behaviors and patterns that reinforce the extensive adoption of this medium throughout society. The researcher has taken two most important aspects usage and gratification regarding the youth's reliance on social media. Students both male and female aged 18-30 from public and private universities of metropolitan cities (Lahore, Karachi, Peshawar, Quetta, Islamabad ) Pakistan were taken. By using purposive sampling, 1000 university students were taken as sample for this study.Survey method was used for data collection and for data analysis Pearson product-moment correlation was applied to test the relationships between independent and dependent variables. Findings of the study disclosed that usage aspect was the most important for youth to had extensive social media reliance as compared to other aspects.
Keywords : Gratification, Pakistani, Reliance, Social Media, Usage, Youth
Authored by :
(1) Ammara Iqbal
PhD Scholar, School of Communication Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Noshina Saleem
Professor, Director School of Communication Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
The policy “MAAR NAHI PIYAR” (Not to beat but Love) is the initiative taken by the government of Punjab education department, which intends to enhance children's academic performance and improve their behavior. This study aimed at exploring the effects of the policy “MAARNAHI PIYAR” on students’ behavior and their academic performance in public schools of Pakistan through the lens of teachers and students. The study sample consisted of two groups of respondents i.e. teachers and students. The study surveyed opinions of a randomly sampled 100 teachers, 100 students, and ten public schools in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The quantitative method approach was adopted. Data were collected through self-developed questionnaires. Five Point Likert scale was used.Findings illustrated a need for continued research of the policy “MAAR NAHI PIYAR” and its impact to a district-by-district and a school-by-school basis. The findings of the study have indicated that the behavior of a teacher profoundly influences students’ behavior and their academic performance.
Keywords : Effects, Corporal Punishment, Academic Performance, Behavior, Initiative
Authored by :
(1) Huseena Rashid
PhD Scholar, Department of Psychology and Education, Foundation University Islamabad, Pakistan
(2) Shagufta Akhtar
Director ORIC, Foundation University Islamabad, Pakistan.
(3) Allah Baksh Malik
Ex-Head, Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan.
This study looked at the usages and gratifications of social media interactivity between digital natives and digital immigrants. This study focuses to see if demographics such as age, education, and socioeconomic status have an impact on users also uncovering the possible reasons for social media usage among both generations based on their individual gratifications. The interview was conducted with a total of 16 participants in Lahore. They were picked based on their interest in social media and the consistency with which they interact with it. A semi-structured interview was conducted then analyzed using thematic analysis. Interaction of similar social media networks, apps, and platforms brings Digital Natives and Digital Immigrants closer together. Both generations choose to spend their time online and engage in social media interactions based on their own gratifications.
Keywords : Uses and Gratifications, Social Media, Interactivity, Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants.
Authored by :
(1) Safa Ilyas Ahmed
Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Mass Communication, Lahore College Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
(2) Anjum Zia
Professor, School of Media and Communication Studies, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Standard of teacher training workshops in Pakistan has been exhibiting a span of accelerating and numerous reforms in a variety of disciplines incorporating classroom management skills. Present work was carried out to gauge the effectiveness of teacher training workshop o classroom management skills of teachers teaching at federal government educational institutions in Lahore.Classroom management was examined by subject matters and training methods. Effectiveness was described as the extent of standard through which classroom management skill was assessed. The survey method was utilized and sampling comprised of FGEI entity at Lahore Region. A comprehensive instrument consisting of relevant constructs was developed for generating research data. The retrieved data from 200 participants were processed through descriptive as well as inferential statistical tests.The hypothesis was accepted, which revealed a positive effect of teacher training workshop (IV) on classroom management skills (DV) of teachers at Lahore. The empirical work has suggested some implications such as revamping outlines of the workshop, motivation towards maximum participation in workshops, and close mentoring and monitoring by administrative authorities. It is assumed that findings and implications of this rigorous study will motivate development models for imminent irregularities and inadequacies in the preview of professional development programs.
Keywords : Classroom Management, Teacher Effectiveness, Teaching Models
Authored by :
(1) Muhammad Akram Shakir
Principal, FGEIs, Cantt Garrison, Kharian Cantt, Punjab, Pakistan
(2) Muhammad Naveed Khalid
Resource Person, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
(3) Farah Shafiq
Assistant Professor, Division of Education, University of Education Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
This piece of research pursues the critical investigation of the distancing devices used in Ikram Azam’s Short Peace Plays: The Quaid at the Jinnah Road, The Two Voices, The Vicious Circle, and The Sepulture. Naïve characters with their simplistic but basic questions on the sociopolitical ailments confronting the nation alienate and orient the reader dynamically. The dialectical juxtaposition of characters, with multiple points of views, has always been a popular technique to produce the spectacular discourse. In addition to the unity of opposites, the role of the narratological analogies is well entrenched in these plays. Courts rooms and dead bodies play their role very tactfully in imparting staginess to the text. Wars and their impacts on each and every aspect of social life are not less important than other techniques of theatricality. Historical characters that remain an integral part of the unconsciousness and the conscience of the society. Memories, dreams, and histrionic words and actions also play their role to contribute to the theatrics of the data. The study is informed by Mohsen Mosilhi A. Barakat’s Theatricality of Edward Bond’s Plays (2021). The use of theatrical techniques produces a dynamic awareness of the burning issues of the Pakistani society.
Keywords : Theatricality, Barakat, Ikram Azam, Short Peace Plays
Authored by :
(1) Muhammad Umer Azim
Assistant Professor of English, Government Graduate College Township, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
(2) Muhammad Saleem
Assistant Professor of English, Government Graduate College Township, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
(3) Umar -ud -Din
Associate Professor of English, Government Graduate College Civil Lines, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
This research intends to discover gender differences in the usage of linguistic features in text messages by Pakistani students. Herring's approach to Computer-Mediated Discourse Analysis is used as the backbone of this research. In this qualitative research, a sample of 100 university students was selected. The sample provided a corpus of 300 text messages. Content analysis was used for coding and classification of the data, whereas descriptive statistics were used to find out percentages and frequencies. The data was classified as the messages sent by the males and those by females. Lexical features are classified as contraction, letter and number homophones, and initialism. Male students use more contractions, initial-isms and clippings while female students use letter and number homophones more than the male students do. This study is important in terms of genderlects and their differences.
Keywords : Gender differences, Lexical features, SMS Text messaging
Authored by :
(1) Kiran Jahanzeb
M.Phil Applied Linguistics, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
(2) Humaira Irfan
Associate Professor of English, Department of English, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
(3) Jahanzeb Jahan
Lecturer in English, Department of English, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
Science education plays an important role in the creation of creativity in the personality of students. There is a strong relationship between science education and practical work, due to which it is not possible for the students to have conceptual knowledge of science subjects without proper practical performance in the classroom. The purpose of this research study was to analyse the available lab facilities in secondary schools. The research was qualitative in nature. The population of this research study was all the high schools of district Narowal. There was a total of 157 high schools indistrict Narowal which were 75 boy high schools and 82 girls high schools. In the first stage,proportionate stratified sampling techniques were used to select male and female public sector high schools. In the second stage, 20 Percent of high schools from each stratum were taken by using a simple random sampling technique. Therefore, there was a total of 31 public sector high schools, 20 Percent of which 15 public sector high schools for boys and 16 public sector high schools for girls were selected. It is concluded that spring balance, pendulum, magnet, prism, screw gauge, glass slab and voltmeter facilities was highly observed in secondary schools which signifies their availability.
Keywords : Lab Facilities, Secondary school, Science Laboratory
Authored by :
(1) Muhammad Irfan Irshad
M.Phil Scholar, Superior University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Muhammad Aamir Hashmi
Associate Professor, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
An examination of human history would reveal the critical role that migration and population mobility have played in shaping the fundamental nature of human civilization today. While this may appear to be a natural process, its power to alter the social, political, and economic dynamics of both the sending and host countries, as well as important notions like "citizenship," "identification,"and "belonging,”. Upon the establishment of Pakistan in 1947, millions of Indian refugees and migrants settled in Karachi and other regions of the country, coexisting with the local people. They identified as ‘mohajirs' (migrants) and have since been a part of Pakistan's lengthy process of assimilation into the multiethnic, multilingual Islamic republic. The topic of the research was "Identity Crisis among Migrants after Partition: A case study of Daultala, Gujjar Khan”. The main objective of the research was to find out how the local people consider themselves superior to migrants. The research was conducted in Daultalain the tehsil Gujjar Khan of district Rawalpindi. The methodology used in the research was descriptive.The current study was carried out using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods,including questionnaires and interviews with a sample of 45 local respondents selected using a convenient sampling technique living in Daultala, Gujjar Khan.
Keywords : Muhajirs (Migrants), Identity Crisis, Cultural Identity, Daultala, Immigration
Authored by :
(1) Aniqa Zaheer
M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Anthropology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Abid Ghafoor Chaudhry
Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Shagufta Hamid Ali
Lecturer, Department of Anthropology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
Pakistan-USA relations have witnessed many ups and downs throughout the history of their interaction. The elite press on both sides played an important role in shaping and re-shaping attitudes,policies, and public opinion over various bilateral and regional issues. Post 9/11 situation expanded the part of the press on both sides due to war on terror cooperation and subsequent developments. Regime changes in America or Pakistan are often perceived as a harbinger of new policy shifts with anticipations of a new era of bilateral relations. The last year of the PPP government in Pakistan witnessed re-election of Barack Obama for the second term, but Pakistan's upcoming elections were more speculative interms of office holder and the party. The scholar are divided about the role of the elite press in policy making and influencing the policy-making process through their content and issue projection.But the press on both sides published their approaches through editorials over a number of issues that could be major component of the upcoming government's policy-making process. War on terror,political discourse, religion, and politics remained choices for editorials for Daily Dawn and Washington Post during that period of time.
Keywords : Elite press, PPP government, War on Terror, Foreign policy, Pak-US, Editorials
Authored by :
(1) Shahzad Qaisar
Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies and History, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(2) Muhammad Zubair Iqbal
National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(3) Muhammad Shoaib Malik
Associate professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan.
This paper attempts to address some of the fundamental questions concerning the current crisis in Afghanistan. After fighting for twenty years, the US and NATO forces announced their withdrawal and the Taliban again recaptured and took over Afghanistan on August 15, 2021. The US and NATO withdrawal and recapturing of Afghanistan by the Taliban was not the ending but the beginning of a new crisis. After the US withdrawal, the new Taliban are facing multiple threats from different militant groups and the worst humanitarian crisis. The article explores how the external factors influence the internal crisis. The study demonstrates that international support and regional pressure can persuade the Taliban government to ensure fundamental rights including girls’ education. If left alone, the governance and humanitarian crisis will create space for more extremist groups who will use Afghanistan for perpetrating terrorism and will pose serious security threats to the world..
Keywords : Security, Terrorism, Extremism, Humanitarian Crisis
Authored by :
(1) Alamgir Khan
Lecturer, Department of Political Science, University of Swabi, Swabi, KP, Pakistan.
Anin capacity is any condition of the body or mind that makes it more problematic for the individual with the state to do certain accomplishments and cooperate with the world around them.The main objectives of the study are to find the relationship between disability and employment,empower disabled people, provide them with better employment opportunities, make them financially stable and make them independent and incorporate the factors that make the building accessible and comfortable for the disabled. From the literature reviews which were of different ideologies and objectives, the result came is that there are different techniques by which the problems can be solved by involving sustainability, accessibility and adaptability in an infrastructure design. The sector of the LDA has been selected for the research analysis. The quotas for disabled people and the building infrastructure of LDA will be analyzed. For the research analysis, the different types of analysis will be performed on the data which are 3D analysis, Demographics Analysis, questionnaire and Correlation Analysis. The proposals which are given are based on the provision of parking, washrooms facilities,staircases, ramps, handrails, and office furniture and entrance gates.
Keywords : Disability, Employment, Infrastructure, Accessibility, Sustainability, Disables Community
Authored by :
(1) Minahil Nawaz
University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
(2) Zaira Tahir
University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
(3) Asra Hafeez
University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
India and Pakistan share a border that enables them for an economic collaboration to minimize their mutual conflicts which are there since their partition. This study aims at identifying those economic obstacles which hinder their mutual economic cooperation. It further examines the framing trends through which media from both countries showcase each other's economic issues in certain ways. News headlines and lead paragraphs from two English dailies each from India and Pakistan, were analyzed. "Economic consequences" frame was identified among the selected data of 4086 news stories. The findings revealed that both countries blame about unstable bilateral trades, loss in import and exports deals, underdeveloped national and international businesses and economic deficits on each other. CPEC, political instability and terrorism were framed as major blaming claims by each side. The study further recommends professional news coverage with productive framing of issues than biased and based on certain framing.
Keywords : Economics, Framing, India, Pakistan
Authored by :
(1) Abul Hassan
Assistant Professor, School of Creative Arts, University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Tanveer Hussain
Assistant Professor, School of Media and Communication Studies, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Muhammad Farrukh
Lecturer, School of Creative Arts, University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Health is fundamental for human well-being and economic growth and the development of an economy. Particularly, poor health has a perpetually damaging effect on the well-being of people and consequently, lowers life expectancy. Our study explores the influence of trade openness(domestic-invested enterprises (DIEs) and foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) trade) on life expectancy in China and across gender using Chinese provincial panel data. The results reveal that trade openness significantly promotes life expectancy. We find a positive relationship between trade openness (DIEs and FIEs trade) and life expectancy in China and across gender. Our findings are robust to the inclusion of other control variables for the overall and female cases but not the male. The policy implication is that the government should open the economy more for international trade to benefit more, especially in the health sector and improve the health of its population.
Keywords : Domestic and Foreign-invested Enterprises Trade, Trade Openness, Health, Life Expectancy, China
Authored by :
(1) Hubert Visas
Associate Professor, School of International Trade and Economics, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, China.
(2) Jabbar Ul-Haq
Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Sana Khanum
MPhil Scholar, Department of Economics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.
Studies have revealed that in the age of digital media, popular culture has emerged as a powerful phenomenon. With this in mind, this article critically examines how media is the key player in promoting and reinforcing popular culture. Further, it illuminates the cultural shift with urbanization and industrial progress. In this regard, available literature of the past twenty years has been critically reviewed. This piece of research confers different sources of popular culture such as movies, TV programs, online video gaming, politics, music, sports, advertisements, e-commerce, and mobile applications and describes the significant role of the media in popularizing and endorsing it. This study concludes that the media has played a significant role in cultural change and that the media and pop culture are inter-reliant. This study also suggests that popular culture has a significant influence and power that can be helpful for agenda setting and cultural diplomacy. Pop culture is dynamic and the media plays a crucial role in promoting popular culture.
Keywords : Culture, Popular Culture, Sources of Pop-Culture, Media
Authored by :
(1) Shanawer Rafique
MPhil Scholar, School of Media and Communication Studies, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
(2) Mohsin Hassan Khan
Assistant Professor, School of Media and Communication Studies, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Hira Bilal
MPhil Scholar, School of Media and Communication Studies, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
This research study investigates how selected mainstream Pakistani print media, Dawn and Ummat, represented the image of Afghanistan and the Taliban in its news coverage. The aim is to understand whether the selected two newspapers portrayed the image of Afghanistan and the Taliban positively or negatively. Dawn is considered the leftist newspaper that holds liberal views about the issues in Pakistan. On the other hand, Ummat is considered a right-wing newspaper with conservative views. The news content of both newspapers was studied from the 1st of January 2019 to the 31st of January 2019. Content Analysis has been employed as a research method in this study to answer all the outstanding research questions. The findings support that though most of the newspapers' discussion revolved around the US-Taliban peace talks, Ummat emphasized the Taliban's perspective more in the coverage. It was also revealed that both the selected newspapers relied more on the Afghan sources to share the Afghan government and Taliban's story with its readers. The research study is grounded on Goffman's Framing Theory.
Keywords : Portrayal, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Dawn, Ummat, Framing Theory
Authored by :
(1) Muska
MA, Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Amir Hamza Marwan
Lecturer, Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Ayesha Anwar
Lecturer, College of Home Economics, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
Due to the energy crisis and the high cost of building construction, the thermal efficiency of buildings is a matter of most concern nowadays. Different strategies, including design development, construction materials, and the installation of active systems inside the structures, may be used to address the thermal performance of the buildings. This study examines the thermal efficiency of both traditional and modern homes in Abbottabad, Pakistan, using energy-efficient design principles and construction techniques. Field surveys, interviews, and author analysis were used to collect the data. The case study buildings were chosen from among the city's typical passively cooled and air- conditioned structures. The study came to the conclusion that modern structures can use the solar passive feature used in traditional ones.
Keywords : Energy Crisis, Thermal, Abbottabad, Pakistan, Air Condition, Solar
Authored by :
(1) Sheikh Haris Iftikhar
Lecturer, Department of Architecture, Hazara University, Manshera, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Adnan Anwar
Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Hazara University, Manshera, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Mohsin Razzaq
Senior Architect, ArcoDesk, Pakistan.
District Mansehra of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province is located in a very important strategic position. The district has been at crossroads since ancient times, thus welcoming and accommodating several dynasties with diverse cultural and religious backgrounds. The archaeological remains belonging to different religions recently reported from Mansehra have immense potential to attract religious pilgrims. Of these, the Buddhist heritage occupies the most important position. The Buddhist Heritage sites include stupas, monasteries, wells, water tanks, inscriptions, and paintings. With immense religious and architectural significance, these sacred sites have the potential to attract the Buddhist community from across the world. Promotion of these sites will enable the pilgrims to perform their religious rituals on the one hand and will uplift the living standard of local community on the other hand. The present research is an attempt to highlight the significance of the Buddhist sites reported during the archaeological survey in 2008. The research is based on the data collected by the senior author for his MPhil research.
Keywords : Religious Tourism, Buddhist Heritage, Mansehra, Stupa, Monastery, Conservation, Promotion
Authored by :
(1) Abdul Hameed
Assistant Professor, Department of Archaeology, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Anas Mahmud Arif
Assistant Professor, Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Adnan Anwar
Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan
The purpose of the current study was to look into the difficulties faced by ESL instructors while teaching students with vision disabilities. The data was gathered through interviews with secondary-level ESL special education teachers of the English language. In special education schools in Lahore, Pakistan, the study was conducted. The study's target audience is ESL teachers in Lahore, Punjab,who work with pupils who have vision disabilities. Teachers of visually impaired pupils in secondary schools in Lahore made up the study's sample. The findings of the study revealed that teachers were having numerous difficulties in teaching students with vision disabilities, such as behavioral concerns,lesser attention span, lack of motivation, shortage of teaching resources, less family-supportive atmosphere to accomplish homework chores etc.
Keywords : ESL Teachers, English, Visually Impaired Students
Authored by :
(1) Amna Zahra
Research Scholar, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Ayesha Butt
Assistant Professor, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
(3) Maira Mariam
Lecturer, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Journalism is entrusted with delivering high-quality information, not just for the truth but perhaps more significantly for peace. This research examines the role media plays in promoting peace,as shown by the personal experiences of media professionals. Research demonstrates that the media seems to have a vital role in encouraging positive peace by (1) educating viewers about the government's current plans and (2) promoting shows/programs that encourage positive peace, which connects citizens with their government. These rising themes demonstrate the usefulness of government media,via peace journalism, in promoting the public's interest in peace building. Peace can be instilled in the press and maintained if the government and media stay committed. The findings demonstrate that journalists are highly proactive and seek to utilize their positions to influence and engage the public. In this manner, journalists have a close relationship to the function of public organizers.
Keywords : Peace Journalism, Journalists' Roles, Public Mobilizer, Pakistan
Authored by :
(1) Sanan Waheed Khan
PhD Research Scholar, School of Communication, Faculty of Modern Languages and Communication University, Putra Malaysia, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
(2) Muhammad Bilal Nawaz
Assistant Professor, Department of Mass Communication, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
(3) Malik Adnan
Assistant Professor, Department of Media Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Pakistan has a diverse variety of monumental buildings which includes mosques, tombs,shrines and Gurdwaras. Every year, thousands of Sikh pilgrims are attracted to their Gudrwaras to satisfy their religion which is located mostly in southern Punjab, Pakistan. These monumental Gurduwars reflect the Sikh culture and heritage in terms of religious tourist margins. These historical assets have firm potential that could serve for tourism development, conservation and preservation of these and thus moving toward sustainable solutions. The objective of this research is to analyze the strengths,weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Sikh religious tourism in Pakistan. The research methodology adopted for this research was qualitative and data was collected through formal interviews of officials of the Evaccu Trust Property Board (ETPB), Government of Pakistan. The results showed that Southern Punjab, Pakistan has a strong potential for religious tourism and if promoted can help in the socioeconomic development of a country.
Keywords : Religious Tourism, Gurdwaras, Darbar Sahib, Punja Sahib, Rorri Sahib, Janam Asthan
Authored by :
(1) Faiqa Khilat
Assistant Professor, School of Architecture and Planning, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Farah Jamil
Assistant Professor, School of Architecture and Planning, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Beenish Mujahid
Assistant Professor, School of Architecture and Planning, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Financial system stability has been gaining crucial consideration on both, national and international levels in terms of structural, institutional and macroeconomic aspects. Money as a medium of exchange and banks as an intermediary cannot be comprehended by visualizing a world without them. It can be observed that old modalities of the banking system have been replaced by many innovations in the new millennium. To evaluate the soundness and steadiness of a banking sector, it is considered imperative to associate the banking system with its liquidity position. Therefore, this research is conducted to determine the influence of bank-specific and macro environmental variables on commercial banks' liquidity in Pakistan. The data is taken from 20 commercial banks over the period2009 to 2018. Different panel data regression models are used. The study found that leverage (LEV) and capital adequacy ratio (CAR) have a negative but significant impact on the liquidity of the banks.Moreover, the exchange rate (FER) was found to have a positive and significant effect on the liquidity of commercial banks. Furthermore, there is insignificant relation between asset size (SIZE), government deficit financing (GDF) and inflation rate (INF) with the bank's liquidity.
Keywords : Banking Sector, Liquidity, CAR, Leverage, Bank Size, Pakistan
Authored by :
(1) Muhammad Mahmood Shah Khan
Assistant Professor, Hasan Murad School of Management, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.
(2) Muhammad Zain ul Abidin
Lahore Business School, The University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Sheikh Khurram Abid
The University Of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
The increasing amount of electronic word of mouth has significantly affected how consumers purchase. Customer behaviour known as "brand switching "gives them the opinion to select a product or service that best suits their needs. Individuals who are dynamic and relate to social media are free to comment on a good or service. With the rise of social commerce, has become an essential reference for users to make purchase decisions. A survey was conducted on a general audience, including both males and females, by using a questionnaire technique. A total of 199 respondents filled out the questionnaire. The result indicates that only one independent variable has been proved acceptable under the assumption: the other variables, brand image, brand attachment, and environmental effect comparative advertisement approved by the analysis. The study proves that electronic word of mouth plays a vital role in brand switching. Individuals who are dynamic and relate to the social network.
Keywords : Brands Switching, Social Media, Electronic Word of Mouth
Authored by :
(1) Sanam Bhutto
Department of Textile Design, Shaheed Allah Buksh University of Art, Design and Heritages, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan.
(2) Hina Marvi
Department of Architecture and Planning, Shaheed Allah Buksh University of Art, Design and Heritages, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan.
(3) Raj Kumar
Department of Architecture and Planning, Shaheed Allah Buksh University of Art, Design and Heritages, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan.
The attitude of teachers requires new consideration which can meet with the new emerging educational trends in this digitalised world. For this reason, the topic ''Comparative Analysis of Teaching Competencies of National Testing Services (NTS) selectees of Secondary School Teachers (SSTs) and Departmental Upgraded Secondary School Teachers in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan'' is investigated. The study sampled the District Education Officer (DEO) of eight districts, Bannu, Swabi, Swat, Mardan, Charsadda, Dera Ismail Khan, Nowshera and Lakki Marwat, of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and data is collected through Semi-structured Interviews. After the compilation of data and analysis in depth, it was revealed that upgraded SSTs are unable to meet the current teaching requirements of new emerging trends and recommended that all SSTs should be hired on a merit basis Through NTS for the perfection of the teaching profession at the secondary level.
Keywords : National Testing Services, Departmental Upgraded SSTs, New Emerging Trends in Teaching and Merged Area
Authored by :
(1) Zahid Nabi
PhD Scholar, Department of Education, Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Wazim Khan
PhD Scholar, Department of Education, Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Muhammad Ayaz
Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
Structuralism developed in linguistics and was transferred to numerous fields, like anthropology. Strauss searched for the underlying shared patterns of human thinking, the universal structures of thought. Secondly, the binary character of phonemes in language influenced him. The third aspect that influenced him was semiology, or semiotics the science of signs. This is called semiotic structuralism, where elements could change, but in such a way that the meaning is retained. Structuralism in architecture and planning appeared between 1928 and 1959. the earliest Structuralists Architect did not directly used the word Structuralism as it is used in linguistics and anthropology. Therefore, this paper aims to clarify the underlying concepts and interpretations of structuralism in a simple and concise manner. This study used a descriptive and explorative technique as research method. Interpretations and counter arguments were combined together to derive the true meaning and clarity of the subject topic under study.
Keywords : Binary Pairs, Human Thoughts, Semiotics, Structuralism, Universal Structure
Authored by :
(1) Ubaid Ullah
Lecturer, Department of Architecture, University of engineering & Technology Peshawar, Abbottabad Campus, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Syed Mazhar Ali Shah
PhD Scholar, School of Architecture and Planning, University of Management & Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Rabia Noureen
Master Student, Department of Architecture, University of engineering & Technology Peshawar, Abbottabad Campus, KP, Pakistan.
The institution has been forced to close and shift from face-to-face teaching toward online teaching due to drastic changes in the shape of COVID-19. The teachers are at the forefront of the institution to successfully implement this technological transition. This study aimed to explore faculty preparedness to adopt online teaching based on gender. A total of 220 samples are drawn from a population of 1200 at public higher education institutions situated in Rawalpindi and Islamabad.Readiness instruments were tested using Cronbach alpha reliability analysis. The accurate value measured by the Cronbach Alpha coefficient was 0.84. The study findings were, the level of preparedness in the context of performance Expectancy as high as the mean score was 3.41.level of preparedness in the context of Effort Expectancy was medium as the means score was 3.68.level of social influence was at a medium level as the means score was 3.28.level of facilitating conditions and Hedonic Motivation was low as compared to other factors as mean scores shown 2.58 and 2.28. according to the gender base analysis, the overall study found no significant differences in the analysis.
Keywords : Technology, COVID-19, Higher Education, Teachers, Online Teaching
Authored by :
(1) Samia Zaheer
PhD Scholar, Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(2) Saira Nudrat
Assistant Professor, Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(3) Farkhanda Tabassum
Assistant Professor, Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan.
GRR struggles for a future where human development is based on informed decision making process. Therefore, the journal challenges the status quo of current academic research that suffers from disconnect to actual application by finding solution to the problems confronted by humanity. GRR intends to become the global leader in introduction of innovations where theories connect with application while maintaining the best features of theoretical and applied aspects.
